Task 4

The Concept of Zero Waste Industry (2 sks)

Lecturer : Dr. Ir. Arif Kusumawanto, M.T., I.A.I

Research Proposal

Processing and Utilization of Animal Waste use 3R Method With The

Principle of Zero Waste in Pandansimo Baru

(Out Line of case Study)

By :

Andik Irawan 11/ 322107/PTK/07426

Master Program of System Engineering

Faculty of Engineering Gadjah Mada University

Yogyakarta 2012

1

Table of contents

Tabel of Contents ......................................................................... 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Title .......................................................................... 2

1.2 Background .......................................................................... 2

1.3 Purpose and Benefit .............................................................. 3

The MAIN IDEA

2.1 Conditions Pandansimo .............................................................. 4

2.2 Animal waste in Pandansimo ................................................... 5

2.3 Livestock waste management with the principles of the 3R .... 5

2.4 Public participation in the processing of animal waste ................ 6

2.5 Behavior / Human Actions Affecting Factors ............................ 7

2.6 Outline and restriction issues ..................................................... 10

2.7 Hypothesis ............................................................................. 11

CONCLUSION

3.1The proposed idea ................................................................. 11

3.2Technique Implementasion ..................................................... 12

2

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Title

Processing and Utilization of Animal Waste 3R Method With The Principle of

Zero Waste in Pandansimo Baru.

1.2 Background

The concept of rural development in particular areas in Indonesia was born

of an interactive process that combines basic theoretical understanding with

practical experience as a form of dynamic application. In other words, the

concept of regional development in Indonesia is an amalgamation of various

theories and models that have been tested constantly growing apply.

Furthermore reformulated into an approach that is tailored to the conditions

and needs of development in Indonesia.

Based on the understanding of the conceptual understanding of regional

development can be formulated as a series of attempts to bring coherence in

the use of various resources, glue and balancing national development and

national territorial integrity, increase harmony between regions, through the

integration between the development sector on an understanding theoretical

and empirical experiences above, then the conceptual understanding of

regional development can be formulated as a series of attempts to bring

coherence in the use of various resources, glue and balancing national

development and unity of the national territory, increasing inter-regional

harmony, integration between the development sector through the process of

spatial planning role in the achievement of sustainable development goals in

the container Homeland.

The development of energy related area is preferred to meet the goals in

the region's energy needs and the needs of the industry tanggga. Since the oil

crisis, the attention of the world, including Indonesia, the development of

renewable energy sources and technologies of oil is increasing. Dependence

only on fossil energy sources and imports for energy, particularly oil, natural

gas and coal as well as increasing energy demand in Indonesia, should be

3

anticipated through the efforts of developing alternative energy sources

available and environmentally friendly. Development of rural areas have

considerable opportunity for berkontribisi in alternative energy development

program. Under the direction of the national team developing alternative

energy biofuels (BBN), in the area should be linked poverty alleviation and

job creation. In addition, the development of biogas in rural areas also need to

consider the benefits and feasibility in order to take place on an ongoing basis.

In relation to the benefits, biogas is a renewable energy source that can

address energy needs and produce organic fertilizer in the form of solid and

liquid. The use of livestock manure into biogas by anaerobic fermentation

using bacteria and methanogens can support the application of the concept of

zero waste, so the practice of sustainable agriculture and environmentally

friendly can be achieved (Andreas Wiji SP, 2010).

In addition, the implementation of the 3R concept in achieving zero waste

is very important in the processing of animal waste. 3R is a method in the

application of the concept of zero waste, namely how to Reduce, Recycle,

Reuses to ethical principles of zero waste carried in Pandansimo Pandansimo

in developing regions associated with livestock waste utilization.

1.3 Purpose and Benefit

1.3.1 Purpose

From the theoritical above be expected with 3R Method and how

Implementation Zero Waste Consept it was concluded :

1. How the implementation of tools and technologies in the processing of

animal waste by applying 3r and the concept of zero waste.

2. Describe the behavior / action Pandansimo community in applying 3r

in livestock waste treatment and factors - factors that influence.

1.3.2 Benefit

Research in the application of the principle of 3r in the processing of

animal waste in Pandansimo have benefits theoretically and practically,

that :

4

1. From the point of academic, research is expected to be useful as a

comparison and reference materials or inputs for multiple parties

conduct further research, particularly with regard to social aspects

and economics of livestock waste management with the principles of

the 3Rs and the concept of zero waste.

2. From a practical point, the research is expected to be an input and

contributions to the various parties involved in the management

livestock waste to build an active community in the management and

utilization of energy or fertilizer animal waste results.

3. As an input to the city government in the region Pandansimo livestock

waste utilization independent energy role.

The MAIN IDEA

2.1 Conditions Pandansimo

Pandansimo a coastal area south of the city bantul where the beach is

located in the Village Pandansimo Poncosari, Srandakan District,

approximately 20 kilometers southwest of the City Bantul. Located adjacent

to the estuary Progo, and is the most west coast of the South Coast row

coming into the district of Bantul. The waves were big and wild, mystical

atmosphere was thick with many a sacred petilasan, fishing frenzy waves

ferociously fighting against a force attraction for tourists. In addition to the

beautiful panorama of the beach, on the beach there are also Pandansimo

pilgrimage attractions like Pandanpayung and Pandansari. Interesting thing to

do here is to shop direct sea fish from the local fisherman.

Pandansimo name itself comes from the word "pandan" (pandanus tree)

and "simo" (tiger). Here too there are various cultural activities such as

traditional ceremonies Merti Hamlet, harbor sea alms and performing arts

culture. Thus a small pleasure in the midst of life pulse Pandansimo Coast

fishermen. Simply mambayar admission tickets are on average under $ 2,000

per head, you can feel the heartbeat of the fishing management simplicity.

5

Pandansimo besides coastal areas have an energy independent with solar

panel systems and wind tubin, several other conditions memperlihtkan areas

that need to be developed and used as a benchmark in the application of the

concept of zero waste. one obvious example that can be developed and made

in the self-energy and the tourist area of technology is the use of animal waste

as a raw material in making use of renewable energy and can be used as an

organic fertilizer such as liquid and solid. utilization of animal waste can be

processed with the 3R principles in the application of a zero waste region

Pandansimo

2.2 Animal waste in Pandansimo

Pandansimo one of the area has a number of beef cattle farm with about

200 cow and enough acreage in farms. strategic placement of livestock and

conceptual, so it is good in the development of the region by the nickname

Pandansimo energy independent. but the principle of the 3Rs in animal waste

can not be sufficiently complex that a good use of livestock waste is needed.

in addition to the application of the principle and the concept of zero waste 3r

need designed with creative ideas with layout innovation, technological

innovation, technology tourism. By utilizing animal waste into renewable

energy and use it to measure, Pandansimo other coastal areas particularly in

areas related to the development of the industry

2.3 Zero Waste management with the principles of the 3R

The new paradigm in the management of livestock waste more emphasis

on reduction of animal waste from the process of food metabolism cattle to

reduce the amount of animal waste pile and reduce the negative impacts of

livestock waste. Livestock waste management conducted a comprehensive

approach from upstream, since before produced a product that could

potentially be a waste of livestock, and downstream, the phase of the product

is used so that a new product, which is then used for the community.

Livestock waste management with new paragidma done by livestock waste

6

handling activities. 3R principle in line with the new paradigm in Pandansimo

livestock waste management that focuses on the use of an advanced finished

product that can be used by people around Pandansimo.

The description of these three principles can be described as :

1. First principle is to Reduce or reduction of animal waste, which is an

attempt to reduce landfill waste in the animal. Each resource can make

livestock waste reduction efforts by changing consumer lifestyles, the

changing habits of livestock waste that littered order placed in special

units (degister).

2. The second principle, which means that Recycle the waste that has

been useless (waste) into biogas and organic fertilizer only after

through processing. livestock waste are fed into degister in fermented

into biogas and waste from residual fermentation though again be solid

or liquid organic fertilizer.

3. The third principle is Reuses (using) back haisl livestock waste

treatment, biogas fermentation that is used in the renewable energy and

waste fermentation Pandansimo recycled into solid or liquid organic

fertilizer. fertilizers used for agriculture in wliayah around

Pandansimo.

Principles and concepts on top is the essence of the practice of zero waste, zero

waste which has ethical principles in a natural harmony with the way

miminimalkan raw sewage into nature. so that continuity is maintained nature.

2.4 Public participation in the processing of animal waste

Participation is a concept that varies depending on what discipline

who review it. Each discipline has had different perspectives on participatory

and eventually become very complex terminology participation. Meanwhile

understanding or farmer participation is people's willingness to take part in

joint activities to support successful development programs without sacrificing

their interests. areas for public participation is in (a) the decision making

7

process, (b) planning, (c) the implementation of the program, (d) monitoring

and evaluation process. The effective participation is when held together in

groups. The form and manner of such participation will result in synergies,

which in turn will generate economic benefits that can be enjoyed by

everyone.

Community leaders also have an important role in improving

masyarakat.dukungan community participation in the form of direct contact

with the leaders community through face-to-face activities directly affect

participation communities on livestock waste management program. Husodo

(2006) that conduct research on farmer participation in activities Ex DAFEP

(Decentraized Agriculture and Forestry Extension Project / Project

Decentralized Agricultural and Forestry Extension) in Bantul found that age

and insight / knowledge, attitudes and public figures significantly affect

farmers' participation.

According Holil (1980) there are 4 points that can affect participation

people from outside / environment, namely:

1. Intensive communication among citizens, between citizens community

and its leaders as well as the social systems in the community the system

on the outside.

2. Social climate, economic, political and cultural, both in family life,

socially, play, school, and community and nation favorable for growth and

development and encourage participation the community.

3. Opportunity to participate. The state of the environment and the

processes and structures social system of values and norms that enable and

encourage the social participation.

4. Freedom for initiative and creativity. Environment in the family society

or the political, social, cultural and allowing arise and encourage the

development of initiative, ideas, individuals or group.

8

2.5 Behavior / Human Actions Affecting Factors.

Behavior is the action of a person to interests or particular needs based on

knowledge, beliefs, values and norms are concerned, as well as a logical

consequence (ideal and normative) of the existence of knowledge, culture, or

mindset defined (Wakolimaya, 2001). The behavior is something that is not

absolute, it means a time behavior is subject to change. Changes in human

behavior can be determined and influenced by internal factors and external

factors. Baron and Byrne (1984) cited by Walgito (1999) states that according

to the theory of behavioral Heider Frittz is influenced by internal factors such

as attitudes and motives and factors external situation or environment.

Some of the factors that influence people's behavior in the management waste

include:

1. Knowledge

Domain knowledge is very important to change behavior. Behavior

that is based on knowledge of the more enduring (long lasting)

than that behavior is not based on knowledge. Level education also

affect the level of knowledge. It is that level of education provides

the strongest direct influence on people's behavior. The higher the

education level, the more widespread knowledge and awareness of

the environment. One can acquire knowledge by using the five

senses in accordance with experience, lessons, and understanding.

Someone will be positive if the knowledge obtaining either.

Otherwise one would be negative if imperfect knowledge gained.

2. Attitude

Attitude describes a person's like or dislike for a object. attitude is

a readiness oravailability to act, and not the implementation of a

specific motive. attitudeis an evaluative response that is based on a

form of reaction arisingconclusion of the stimulus in the form of

good or bad, positive or negative, pleasant or unpleasant, the next

process is expected he will acts or carry out any known or

disikapinya. However, a attitudes do not necessarily translate into

9

action (overt behavior). attitude is not the same as the behavior and

the behavior does not always reflect a person's attitude, as is often

the case that a person exhibits behavior contrary to his attitude.

Attitudes may change with the gained information (knowledge)

Additional groups through persuasion and social pressure.

3. Role of Community Leaders

Community leaders have a critical role in provide information and

motivation to the people in the Understand and acting in

environmental management including waste management. behavior

is not only determined by individual attitudes but also by norms

opinion which is determined by the opinion leaders or influential

people on whether the subject was necessary, should or prohibited

behavior studied or how far the subject will follow the opinion of

the person.

4. Communication

Communication is one of the approaches developed for

development of a program / policy that aims to change behavior.

Communication is the process whereby an idea is transferred from

the source are transferred to the recipient in order to change their

behavior. Some of the indicators included in the communication

dimension is clarity and precision as well as communicators, media

communicant / target and response. A communicator must be

communicate information clearly and precisely to the

communicant. clearly, have a sense that the message / information

to be conveyed to understood by the communicant, while the exact

meaning timely and on target. Besides a communicator must

master the issues and can attract the attention of the communicant,

effective communication is the communication that results in

accordance with what is expected by the perpetrators

(communicator and communicant). In order to achieve the

appropriate communication expected, need to know the signs of

10

effective communication. Signs of effective communication is a

common perception in the event between the communicator and

the communicant. Communication can also be done through media,

either directly or indirectly. Communication through the media

directly such as education and training, while indirectly is through

article / guide material. Communication is more effective when

done direct line of sight.

2.6 Outline and restriction issues.

One of the media in the case study visits of one sub-system is in terms of

processing and utilization of livestock waste. The case study referenced in the

development and utilization of animal waste in 3r principles and the concept

of zero waste. there are problems of livestock waste that is stored in a separate

degister between multiple units with a number of other cows that require a

complex number of units in the processing of biogas, in addition to the results

of waste fermentation biogas in Pandansimo not be used for organic fertilizer.

extent of the problem in the can after the case study was how livestock waste

treatment and utilization of biogas fermentation leftovers can be recycled back

into new products that can be used by people around Pandansimo. resulting in

the development of the above issues in need instrumental variables in

livestock waste management with the principle of 3r.

People's behavior in applying the principles of the 3Rs in waste management

can be affected by factors, both internal factors (knowledge and attitudes) and

external factors (the role of community leaders and communication). Factors

knowledge can influential as one's initial motivation to behave. Knowledge

predispose a person to act on an issue. The more he believed would an object,

then it will behave and act in accordance with his beliefs them. Knowledge of

factors can affect a person's initial motivation in behavior. Armed with a good

knowledge of the problems of garbage and benefits of waste management with

the 3R principles, it is expected that one can behave / act appropriately in the

11

trash mengelolala ladder. Knowledge predispose a person to behave in a

problems.

Schema framework can be simply shown in figure 1

Figure 1. Schema framework

2.7 Hypothesis

The hypothesis of this study is:

1. People's behavior in waste management 3R principles influenced the

knowledge, attitudes, where leaders / local agencies, and communication.

2. Event-scale composting of organic waste residential areas have economic

potential and worth the effort as well as profitable for society.

CONCLUSION

3.1The proposed idea

Preparation and determination of the location for the manufacture of bio

digester needs to be determined and adjusted to the needs of that efficiency

can be controlled. The proposed idea is how the application of the principle of

3r not deviate from zero waste, and innovative technologies required in order

to design a tool in the processing can limbat klusterkan and sub per unit, so in

addition to biogas obtained results are also obtained the creative industries in

sewage treatment.

The following Figure 2 shows a simple grouping in sewage treatment

Faktoc Internal :

1. Behavior

2. Atitude

Faktoc Ekxternal :

1.Role of Community Leaders

2. Comunication

Behavior Public

Waste management

policy with the

principle of 3r

Recomendation and

strategic for Implementation

Analysis and benefit

12

Figure 7. Cluster Utilization Animal Waste

3.2 Technique Implementation

Implementation techniques done by dissemination to the public about the

concept Pandansimo start understanding 3R and 3R benefit the community

around. besides that given the stages of learning how to short-term and long-

term will benefit prisnip 3R the concept of zero waste.