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Latest research reveals most effective study techniques
Citation preview
The Most Effective Study Techniques to Increase Student Learning
Source: “Improving Students’ Learning With Effective Learning Techniques: Promising Directions From Cognitive and Educational Psychology,” by John Dunlosky, Daniel Willingham et al., Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 2013, Volume 14, number 1, pps. 4-58.
Simple study techniques can significantly improve learning and achievement, but:
1)Teachers aren’t being told about them
2) Many students don’t know about them or are not using them enough or well enough
Researchers did an exhaustive review of studies on learning techniques to identify the most effective ones
10 Popular Learning Techniques
Researchers reviewed the evidence to answer 2 questions:
What does the research say about the efficacy of each technique?
Which are least effective? Which are most effective?
High UtilityPractice TestingDistributed practice
Low UtilityHighlightingKeyword mnemonicRereadingSummarizationImagery use for text learning
Moderate UtilitySelf-explanationElaborative interrogationInterleaved practice
Techniques
Low-Utility Techniques
According to review ofresearch: HighlightingDistracting, most studentsdon’t use properly
SummarizationRequires training, lessuseful for youngerstudents
Low-Utility Techniques Cont’d.
Keyword mnemonicStudents often forget the word that is supposed to trigger memory
Imagery use for text learningLimited to image-friendly texts, only shown to be effective on memorytests
RereadingOnly studies are on college-age students, effects vary with studentcharacteristics
Elaborative interrogation
Solid evidence for short-termlearning, greatest benefits forstudents with low levels ofdomain knowledge. Takessome training, limited to
discrete factual statements
Moderate Utility Techniques
Interleaved practiceMore effective than practice focused on one topic at a time;
encourages organizational processing. Fewer studies on this technique
than others
Self-explanationFacilitates problem solving and helps overcome misconceptions.
Time-consuming and students need instruction to be successful with it
Moderate Utility Techniques Cont’d.
Practice Testing-Testing has been shown to
improve learning.
-Practice testing even more effective
if students receive feedback
Benefits:
-Not time consuming, little training needed
-Students can self-test
-Evidence that it improves comprehension
High Utility Techniques
Studying of material over several sessions improves retention
The longer the lags, the greater the retention
Students need to be educated about benefits
Frequent testing encourages distributed practice rather than cramming
Distributed Practice
Train students to use high-impact study techniques instead of ineffective ones
Teach study techniques beginning in the upper elementary grades
Integrate techniques in lesson plans, e.g. begin unit with a practice test
Include techniques in homework assignments
Implications of study
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