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Mengetahui secara lebih sederhana tentang morphology. Semoga bermanfaat untuk teman-teman dengan jurusan bahasa inggris :)
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Greetings the 2nd Group
Directed by Shovalina HelkaWeni Siti AnantasariElita Angela
ldquoMORPHOLOGY
The Analysis of Word Structurehellip
MORPHOLOGY In Lingustics morphology is the identification
analysis and description of the structure of a given language and other linguistic units refer to the part of the grammar that is concerned with words and word formation As we will see the study of morphology offers important insights into how language works revealing the need for different categories of words the presence of word-internal structure and the existence of operations that create and modify words in various ways
Morphology Properties
Words and Word Structure
Derivation
Compounding
Inflection
Other Morphological Phenomena
Morphophonemics
A Words and Word Structure
1 MorphemesFree and Bound Morpheme
Free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by itself whereas bound morpheme is a morpheme that must be attached to another element
Allomorphs Allomorphs is the variant form of a morpheme
The morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has two allomorphs -an before a word that begins with a vowels sound and -a before a word that begins with a consonant sound
Example an apple a tablean ice a book hellip etc
Words can be divided into two the simple words and complex words Words consisting of one or more morpheme
One Two Three More than trhree
And
Girl Girl-s
Hunt Hunt-er Hunt-er-s
Act Act-ive Act-iv-ate Re-act-iv-ate
2 Analyzing Word Structure
Roots and AffixesComplex words typically consist of a root
morpheme and one or more affixes
BasesA base is the form to which an affix is added
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed
Example N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
ldquoMORPHOLOGY
The Analysis of Word Structurehellip
MORPHOLOGY In Lingustics morphology is the identification
analysis and description of the structure of a given language and other linguistic units refer to the part of the grammar that is concerned with words and word formation As we will see the study of morphology offers important insights into how language works revealing the need for different categories of words the presence of word-internal structure and the existence of operations that create and modify words in various ways
Morphology Properties
Words and Word Structure
Derivation
Compounding
Inflection
Other Morphological Phenomena
Morphophonemics
A Words and Word Structure
1 MorphemesFree and Bound Morpheme
Free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by itself whereas bound morpheme is a morpheme that must be attached to another element
Allomorphs Allomorphs is the variant form of a morpheme
The morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has two allomorphs -an before a word that begins with a vowels sound and -a before a word that begins with a consonant sound
Example an apple a tablean ice a book hellip etc
Words can be divided into two the simple words and complex words Words consisting of one or more morpheme
One Two Three More than trhree
And
Girl Girl-s
Hunt Hunt-er Hunt-er-s
Act Act-ive Act-iv-ate Re-act-iv-ate
2 Analyzing Word Structure
Roots and AffixesComplex words typically consist of a root
morpheme and one or more affixes
BasesA base is the form to which an affix is added
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed
Example N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
MORPHOLOGY In Lingustics morphology is the identification
analysis and description of the structure of a given language and other linguistic units refer to the part of the grammar that is concerned with words and word formation As we will see the study of morphology offers important insights into how language works revealing the need for different categories of words the presence of word-internal structure and the existence of operations that create and modify words in various ways
Morphology Properties
Words and Word Structure
Derivation
Compounding
Inflection
Other Morphological Phenomena
Morphophonemics
A Words and Word Structure
1 MorphemesFree and Bound Morpheme
Free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by itself whereas bound morpheme is a morpheme that must be attached to another element
Allomorphs Allomorphs is the variant form of a morpheme
The morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has two allomorphs -an before a word that begins with a vowels sound and -a before a word that begins with a consonant sound
Example an apple a tablean ice a book hellip etc
Words can be divided into two the simple words and complex words Words consisting of one or more morpheme
One Two Three More than trhree
And
Girl Girl-s
Hunt Hunt-er Hunt-er-s
Act Act-ive Act-iv-ate Re-act-iv-ate
2 Analyzing Word Structure
Roots and AffixesComplex words typically consist of a root
morpheme and one or more affixes
BasesA base is the form to which an affix is added
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed
Example N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Morphology Properties
Words and Word Structure
Derivation
Compounding
Inflection
Other Morphological Phenomena
Morphophonemics
A Words and Word Structure
1 MorphemesFree and Bound Morpheme
Free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by itself whereas bound morpheme is a morpheme that must be attached to another element
Allomorphs Allomorphs is the variant form of a morpheme
The morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has two allomorphs -an before a word that begins with a vowels sound and -a before a word that begins with a consonant sound
Example an apple a tablean ice a book hellip etc
Words can be divided into two the simple words and complex words Words consisting of one or more morpheme
One Two Three More than trhree
And
Girl Girl-s
Hunt Hunt-er Hunt-er-s
Act Act-ive Act-iv-ate Re-act-iv-ate
2 Analyzing Word Structure
Roots and AffixesComplex words typically consist of a root
morpheme and one or more affixes
BasesA base is the form to which an affix is added
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed
Example N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
A Words and Word Structure
1 MorphemesFree and Bound Morpheme
Free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by itself whereas bound morpheme is a morpheme that must be attached to another element
Allomorphs Allomorphs is the variant form of a morpheme
The morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has two allomorphs -an before a word that begins with a vowels sound and -a before a word that begins with a consonant sound
Example an apple a tablean ice a book hellip etc
Words can be divided into two the simple words and complex words Words consisting of one or more morpheme
One Two Three More than trhree
And
Girl Girl-s
Hunt Hunt-er Hunt-er-s
Act Act-ive Act-iv-ate Re-act-iv-ate
2 Analyzing Word Structure
Roots and AffixesComplex words typically consist of a root
morpheme and one or more affixes
BasesA base is the form to which an affix is added
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed
Example N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
1 MorphemesFree and Bound Morpheme
Free morpheme is a morpheme that can be a word by itself whereas bound morpheme is a morpheme that must be attached to another element
Allomorphs Allomorphs is the variant form of a morpheme
The morpheme used to express indefiniteness in English has two allomorphs -an before a word that begins with a vowels sound and -a before a word that begins with a consonant sound
Example an apple a tablean ice a book hellip etc
Words can be divided into two the simple words and complex words Words consisting of one or more morpheme
One Two Three More than trhree
And
Girl Girl-s
Hunt Hunt-er Hunt-er-s
Act Act-ive Act-iv-ate Re-act-iv-ate
2 Analyzing Word Structure
Roots and AffixesComplex words typically consist of a root
morpheme and one or more affixes
BasesA base is the form to which an affix is added
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed
Example N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Words can be divided into two the simple words and complex words Words consisting of one or more morpheme
One Two Three More than trhree
And
Girl Girl-s
Hunt Hunt-er Hunt-er-s
Act Act-ive Act-iv-ate Re-act-iv-ate
2 Analyzing Word Structure
Roots and AffixesComplex words typically consist of a root
morpheme and one or more affixes
BasesA base is the form to which an affix is added
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed
Example N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
2 Analyzing Word Structure
Roots and AffixesComplex words typically consist of a root
morpheme and one or more affixes
BasesA base is the form to which an affix is added
V
V
A Af Af
Black en ed
Example N A N
V Af Af A N Af
teach er un kind book s
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
B DERIVATION
Is an affixional process that forms a word with a meaning and or category distinct from that of its base
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Some English Derivational AffixesA partial list of English derivational affixes
along with information about the catagory of their usual base and of the resulting new word
Complex DerivationN
V
A
VAf Af Af
Act ive ate ion
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Affix Change Example
Suffixes
-able V A Fix-able
-ment V N Protect-ion
-ful N A Treat-ment
-ize1 N V Hope-ful
-ish A N Vapor-ize
-ate A V Tall-ish
-ly A Adv Activ-ate
-ness A N Slow-ly
Preffixes
ex- N N Ex-wife
re- V V Re-state
in- A A In-complete
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
C COMPOUNDING
The combination of two already existent words With very few exceptions the resulting compound words is a noun a verb or an adjective
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Properties of Compounds
Noun Compounds Verb Compounds Adjective Compounds N V A N N N V N A Fire Engine Spoon Feed Nation Wide Oil Well Steam Roll Sky Blue
Compounds Non-Compounds Greenhouse (a glass-enclosed garden) green house (a house painted green)
Blackboard (a chalkboard) black board (a board that is black)
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
D INFLECTION
The modification of a wordrsquos form to indicate grammatical information of various shorts
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
A given word may have several differentforms hellip ldquointernal changerdquoFor nouns verbs and adjectives the set of
inflected forms often help us identify the word class1048707 Eg noun lsquocatrsquo singular cat plural cats
Plural form (only for count nouns ie nouns denoting things that can be counted like cats e not mass terms such as water)1048707 cats criteria knives teeth sheep
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
(regular verbs) or (some irregularverbs)ldquosuppletionrdquo
Regular verbs
walkwalkssingsing
Irregular verbs
walkingwalkedsingingsang
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
ComparativeSuperlative formsldquoreduplicationrdquo
Adjective comparative superlative
Green greener greenestHappy happier happiest
However some adjectives do not take these endingscurious more curious most curiousfoolish more foolish most foolish
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Prepositions ldquotone placementrdquo
Adverbs can often be recognized as being derived from adjectives by adding ndashly (curiously foolishly)
But they donrsquot have any other regular forms and are not inflected themselves
Prepositions donrsquot take any special form and donrsquot inflect
You can use High Tone is assosiated with the past tense and low tone with the future
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
E OTHER MORPHOLOGICAL
PHENOMENA1 Cliticization2 Conversion3 Clipping 4 Blends5 Backformation 6 Acronyms7 Other sources of new words
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
1 Cliticization
Some morphomes behave like words in terms of their meaning and function but are unable to stand alone as independent forms for phonological reasons (lsquom for am lsquos for is and lsquore for are)
Example Irsquom leaving nowMaryrsquos going to
succeedTheyrsquore her now
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
2 Conversion
Conversion is process that assigns an already existing word to a new syntatic category Even though it does not add an affix conversion is often considered to be a type of derivation because of the change in category and meaning that it brings
V derived from N
N derived from V
V derived from A
Ink ( a contract) ( a long) run Dirty (a shirt)
Butter (the bread) (a hot) drink Empty (the box
Ship (the package)
(a pleasant) drive Better (the old score)
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
3 Clipping 4 Blends
Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic word by deleting one or more syllables Clipping is especially popular in the speech of students yielded forms like prof for proffesor phys-ed for phsycal education poli-sci for political science and burger for hamburger
Blends are words that are created from nonmorphemic parts of two already exsisting items usually the first part of one and the final part of the other Familiar examples include brunch from breakfast and lunch smog from smoke and fog spam from spiced and ham telothon from marathon aerobicis from aerobics and excercise etc
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
5 Backformation
Backformation is a process that creates a new word by removing a real or suposed affix from another word in the language Other backformation in English include enthuse from enthusiasm donate from donation orient or orientate from orientation and self-destruct from self-destruction
Original word Misanalysis Verb formed by backformation
Editor Edit + or Edit
Peddler Peddle + er Peddle
Swindler Swindle + er Swindle
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
6 Acronyms
Acronyms are formed by talking the initial letters of (some or all) the words in a phrase or title and pronouncing them as a word
Onomotopoeia across languagesEnglish Japanese Tagalog
Cock-a-doddle-doo Kokekokko Kuk-kukaok
Meow Nyaa Nglyaw
Chirp Pii-pii Tiririt
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
7 Other sources of new words
Sometimes a word may be created from scratch Called word manufacture or coinage this phonemenon is especially common in the case of product names include Kodak Orlon and Teflon
Word Name of the person
Watt James Watt (late 19th-century scientist)
Curie Marie and pierre curie (early 20th-century scientist)
Fahrenheit
Gabriel fahrenheit (18th-century scientist)
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
F MORPHOPHONEMICS
The chapter has focused on the structure and formation of word in
human language Many words consist of smaller formative elements called morphonemes The two basic types of
word formation in English are deruvation and compounding
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Key Terms
General terms
Allomorphs lexicon Bound morpheme morpheme Complex words morphology Free form simple word Free morpheme word
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Key Terms
General terms concerningmorphologycal analysis
Affixes root Base suffix Infixes tiers Lexical category trees Prefix word-based
(morphology)
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Key Terms
Terms concerning derivation and compounding
Class 1 affixes endocentric compounds
Class 2 affixes exocentric compunds
Compound word head Compounding incorporation
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Derivation
Terms concerning inflection
Ablaut partial reduplication
Agreement partial suppletion
Case productivity Concetenative (morphology)
reduplication Full reduplication stem Inflection suppletion Internal change umlaut
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Derivation
Other kinds of morphologycal phenomena
Acronyms enclitics Backformation host Blends onomatopoiec
word Clipping proclitics Clitics word
manufacture Coinage zero derivation
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Convertion
Terms concerning the interaction ofmorphology and phonology
Morphophonemicsmorphophonology
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Summary hellip hellip Words can be divided into word classes We can broadly distinguish lexical from
function words The major word classes in lexical words
are nouns verbs prepositions adjectives and adverbs
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
Thank You Very Much
Best RegardsThe 2nd Group
