Trace major events of the Civil Rights Movement and evaluate its impact.

What are Civil Rights? • Your right to be treated the same as anyone else

in a similar situation • In the US the Civil Rights Movement is the term

used to describe African Americans fight for equal rights during the 1960s

• Segregation and disenfranchisement kept African Americans from exercising their rights

NAACP challenges segregation in schools Brown v. Board of Education(1954) • Supreme Court led by Chief Justice Earl

Warren overturned Plessey v. Ferguson • Segregation IS a violation of the 14th

Amendment • Case was argued by Thurgood Marshall who

later became the first African American Supreme Court Justice

• Schools must be integrated “with all deliberate speed.” o Southern states tried to ignore decision

• After this decision James Meredith became the first black student at Ole Miss (University of Mississippi)

Little Rock Nine • Nine

African American students volunteered to integrate

Little Rock Central High School • Governor of Arkansas used the National Guard

to stop them • Eisenhower sent federal troops to allow the

students to attend school

Montgomery Bus Boycott • Began after

Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat

• Led by Martin Luther King, Jr.

• Used civil disobedien

ce to make their point o Peaceful protests and boycott of the buses

for over 1 year o Supreme Court outlawed segregation on

buses

Civil Rights Leaders Organize Southern Christian Leadership Conferen

ce (SCLC) • Founded by MLK, Jr. • civil disobedience

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) • College students • Organized sit-ins to integrate lunch counters

This was the most violently attacked sit-in during the 1960s and is the most publicized. A huge mob gathered, with open police support while the three of us sat there for three hours. I was attacked with fists, brass knuckles and the broken portions of glass sugar containers, and was burned with cigarettes. I'm covered with blood and we were all covered by salt, sugar, mustard, and various other things.

Seated, left to right, are myself, Joan Trumpauer (now Mulholland), and Anne Moody (Coming of Age in Mississippi).

Freedom Summer • Groups of students

attempted to register

black voters in the South • 3 workers for CORE were murdered by the Klan

Freedom Riders • Wanted to end segregation on bus lines • Rode buses through the South and were

attacked • Kennedy integrated all buses and transportation

Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Prohibited

discrimination based on race, religion, nationality, sex

• MLK, Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech to convince

Congress to pass the act • March on Washington

24th Amendment • Banned poll taxes

Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Eliminated literacy tests • Percentage of African-American voters rose from

10% to 60%

The Civil Rights Movement becomes Radical • Frustrated

with laws not being followed/enforced

• Equality did not

happen overnight Malcolm X • Urged blacks not to cooperate with whites • Changed his views after a trip to Mecca • His former supporters killed him

Black Power Movement • Radicalized, no cooperation with whites • Violent methods • Conflicted with the Civil Rights Movement • Led by Stokely Carmichael, formerly of SNCC

Martin Luther King, Jr. is assassinated • Sparked riots

in over 100 cities across the country

Identify major social movements including, but not limited to, those involving women, young people, and the environment, and evaluate the impact of these movements on the United States' society.

Feminist Movement • Equal

rights for women

• Betty Friedan, The Feminine

Mystique • Wanted women to have more opportunities • Should be able to work instead of being

housewives • Gloria Steinem, Ms. Magazine • National Organization for Women (NOW)

o Fought to get women equal rights at work • Roe v. Wade

o Women DO have the right to an abortion during the first three months of pregnancy

• Equal Rights Amendment o Men and women would be given the same

protection by law o Conservatives such as Phyllis Schlafly

argued that the amendment would hurt women and families

o Women could be drafted, lose custody of kids, etc.

o Amendment did not pass

Environmental Movement Environmental Protection Agency • Cr

eated to address

the problem of pollution • Cuyahoga River Fire • Love Canal • Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring informed people

about the effects of pesticides on the environment

• Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act were passed • Regulate industry, prevent illegal dumping

Latinos • U

nited Farm Workers Orga

nizing Committee (UFWOC) o Led by Cesar Chavez o Fought for better working conditions for

farm workers

American Indian Movement (AIM) • Campaigned for

Indian Rights • Native Americans

brought treaties to Washington DC that the US government had broken

• Were successful in getting some of their lands

back (40 million acres)