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MINERALS
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• A naturally occurring substance of inorganic origin.
• Their molecular structures are regular and their chemical composition varies only within specific limits.
• A natural solid substance found in the earth’s crust.
• Substances that make up the rocks of Earth.
• They are HOMOGENOUS – every part of it is the same as every other part.
PRINCIPAL GROUPS
• Native Elements
• Halides• Sulphides• Oxides• Carbonates• Sulphates• Phosphates• Silicates
*Native Elements
*Halides
*Sulphides
*Oxides
*Carbonates
*Sulphates
*Phosphate
*Silicate
USES
• Sources of essential metals.–Ores: a natural occurring metallic
compound from which the metal can be extended.
• Used as catalysts or fluxes in chemical reactions.
• Some are of aesthetic value as collectors’ items or jewelry stones.
PROPERTIES TO IDENTIFY A MINERAL
• Crystal Shape
• Luster–Metallic–Non-metallic
• Color• Streak• Hardness
*Crystal Shape
*Luster
*Color
*Streak
*Hardness
MINERALS THAT ARE PART OF A BALANCED DIET
• Iron – essential constituent of hemoglobin
• Calcium – for strong bones and teeth, and for muscle contraction
• Sodium – (salt) for the nerve cells and to produce hydrochloric acid for digestion
• Iodine – used to create thyroxine, hormone partly responsible for controlling metabolic rate in body
Minerals composed of organic matter (crude oil, coal) are not true minerals but are called minerals.