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To elucidate the evolutionary history of chamois, we had analysed DNA sequences of four mitochondrial regions and 20 loci microsatellites including all subspecies along its entire distribution range
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MICROSATELLITE AND mt-DNA PHYLOGENIES OF THE CHAMOIS (GENUS
RUPICAPRA) AND TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS
OVIEDO UNIVERSITYDEPARTMENT OF FUNCTIONAL BIOLOGY
Mª Trinidad Pérez Méndez
PRESENT DISTRIBUTION OF RUPICAPRA GENUS
R. pyrenaica R. rupicapra
EVOLUTION OF Rupicapra GENUS CLASIFICATION OVER TIME
parva
pyrenaica
ornata
cartusiana
rupicapra
tatrica
carpatica
balcanica
asiatica
caucasica
Lydekker1913
Rupicapra rupicapra
Taxonomy of the genus has been object of continuos revisions.
EVOLUTION OF Rupicapra GENUS CLASIFICATION OVER TIME
parva
pyrenaica
ornata
cartusiana
rupicapra
tatrica
carpatica
balcanica
asiatica
caucasica
Taxonomy of the genus has been object of continuos revisions.
Rupicapra rupicapra
Rupicapra ornata
Rupicapra pyrenaica
Lydekker1913
1914Camerano
EVOLUTION OF Rupicapra GENUS CLASIFICATION OVER TIME
parva
pyrenaica
ornata
cartusiana
rupicapra
tatrica
carpatica
balcanica
asiatica
caucasica
Rupicapra rupicapra
Taxonomy of the genus has been object of continuos revisions.
Lydekker1913
1914Camerano
Couturier1938
Dolan1963
EVOLUTION OF Rupicapra GENUS CLASIFICATION OVER TIME
parva
pyrenaica
ornata
cartusiana
rupicapra
tatrica
carpatica
balcanica
asiatica
caucasica
Taxonomy of the genus has been object of continuos revisions.
Rupicapra rupicapra
Rupicapra pyrenaica
Lydekker1913
Couturier1938
Dolan1963
Nascetti1985
1987Lovari
1914Camerano
GEOLOGIC TIME LINE AND GLACIAL PERIODS IN EUROPE
CHAMOIS PALEONTOLOGICAL DATA
Caune de l´Arago - Mindel
Riss’ fossils
Riss-Würm’ fossils
Distribution limit during Würm
Chamois fossils (Masini y Lovari, 1988)
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY & COLONIZATION ROUTES IN EUROPE
Phylogeographic analyses can evaluate the relative role of different
historical forces in shaping the present genetic structure of
populations.
I.e.- Glaciation cycles of the Quaternary, have periodically restricted some species into
disjoint refugia. Once a reversal in climate change allows for rapid migration out of
refugial areas, these species spread rapidly into newly available habitat. A number of
empirical studies find genetic signatures that support this scenario of refugia and
postglacial expansion.
Taberlet et al., 1998
MAIN GOALS
Study of the evolutionary history of the genus
Revision of chamois taxonomy
Evolutionary Significant Units (ESU).
Equivalent to species under the Phylogenetic Species Concept (Vogler y
DeSalle, 1994).
Conspecific populations which are reciprocally monophyletic for mtDNA
alleles and differ significantly for the frequency of alleles at nuclear loci
(Moritz, 1994).
20 loci microsatellite and 5 mitochondrial regions are
analyzed
486 bp
400 bp
484 bp
471 bp
525-584 bp
Control Region
mtDNA regions analyzed
• Microsatellite markers are inherited in a Mendelian way
meanwhile mtDNA is transmitted predominantly through maternal
lineages in most species.
• Microsatellite markers have a higher evolution rate than mtDNA.
• Microsatellite markers narrate the recent phylogenetic history of
tens or thousands of years while mitochondrial ones shed light on
the deeper phylogenetic history.
MICROSATELLITE DNA vs. mtDNA
SCORED INDIVIDUALS
Total 215 samplesMicrosatellites 179 samplesmtDNA 152 samples Both markers 116 samples
Subspecies
29 11 4
Only microsatellitesBoth markers
Only mtDNA
Parva
29 11 4
Pyrenaica
15 26 0
Cartusiana
0 8 0
ornata
0 12 0
rupicapra
2 29 20
tatrica
0 10 0
carpatica
7 10 6 caucasica
4 6 0 asiatica
0 1 0 balcanica
6 3 6
Haplotypicdiversity %
Nucleotidicdiversity %
Microsatellite dataset184 alleles9.20 alleles/locus
***P<0.001
Mitochondrial combined dataset1646 nt79 haplotypes239 variable sites196 parsimony-informative
He vs Ho%
POPULATION DIVERSITY
***
***
- -
100
80
60
40
20
0
INDIVIDUAL MICROSATELLITE N-J TREE
pyrenaica
parv
a
caucasica
rupicapra
balcan
ica
carpatica
tatri
ca
cartusiana
ornata
asiatica
MICROSATELLITE GENETIC DISTANCES
()2 VS GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCES
Distancia geográfica en Km.
Between subpopulations
Between R. pyrenaica populations ( AN-Others)
Between R. rupicapra populations
Between species
Geographical distance in Km.
()
2
INDIVIDUAL mtDNA N-J TREE
East
Central
West
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
PHYLOGENY OF
CHAMOIS
1/1/0.71/1
1/1/0.97/1
1/1/0.72/1
0.51/0.50/-/0.55
CladeWest
Clade Central
Clade East
NETW
OR
K O
F m
tDN
A H
AP
LO
TY
PES
Clade East
Clade Central
Clade West
Clade East
Clade Central
Clade West
R. p
yren
aica
R. rupicapra
R. pyr. ornata
DISCORDANT PHYLOGENIES: MICROSATELLITE & mtDNA
BEAST & BEAUti (MY: million years)Bovidae-Caprinae: 25,8 MY± 0,6Caprinae: 14,1 MY ± 1,1Capra-Ovis: 11,5 MY ± 0,9Hernández y Vrba, 2005.
CladeWest
CladeCentr
al
Clade East
DIVERGENCY TIMES BETWEEN CLADESPLEISTOCENE
time
Holo
cene:
pre
sent
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND EVOLUTIONARY
HISTORY
Ple
isto
cen
e g
laci
al-
inte
rgla
cial peri
ods
Perez Trinidad; Hammer Sabine E.; Albornoz Jesus; et al. (2011) Y-chromosome phylogeny in the evolutionary net of chamois (genus Rupicapra) .BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 11: 272
Rodriguez Fernando; Perez Trinidad; Hammer Sabine E.; et al. (2010) Integrating phylogeographic patterns of microsatellite and mtDNA divergence to infer the evolutionary history of chamois (genus Rupicapra). BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY 10: 222
Rodriguez Fernando; Hammer Sabine; Perez Trinidad; et al. (2009) Cytochrome b Phylogeography of Chamois (Rupicapra spp.). Population Contractions, Expansions and Hybridizations Governed the Diversification of the Genus. JOURNAL OF HEREDITY 100:47-55
Rodriguez Fernando; Albornoz Jesus; Dominguez Ana (2007) Cytochrome b pseudogene originated from a highly divergent mitochondrial lineage in genus Rupicapra. JOURNAL OF HEREDITY 98: 243-249
Perez T; Albornoz J; Dominguez A (2002) Phylogeography of chamois (Rupicapra spp.) inferred from microsatellites MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION 25: 524-534
Perez T; Albornoz J; Dominguez A (2000) A panel of bovine and caprine microsatellites suitable as markers in chamois ANIMAL GENETICS 31: 344-345
Perez T; Albornoz J; GarciaVazquez E; et al. (1996) Application of DNA fingerprinting to population study of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS 34: 313-320
RELATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
RESEARCH TEAM
Fernando RodriguezJesús AlbornozAna Domínguez
Sabine Hammer (University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria)
To all the people and institutions that had contributed to the recollection of the samples over more than ten years…
Jose Francisco Quiros, Javier Pérez-Barbería, Carlos Nores, L. Rossi, Juan Carlos del Campo, Juan Bejar, Paloma Barracina, H. Papaioannou, M. Brown, W. Gasienica-Byrcyn, T. Skalski, J. Meana, S. Erceg, P. Veinberg, J. Badridge, Alvaro Mazón, Michal Adamec, Richard Kraft , Juan Herrero, Athanassios I. Sfougaris, Friederike Spitzenberger, Rita Lorenzini, Jacques Michallet, Natalia Martinkova, Franz Suchentrunk.Institutions: the Regional Governments of Principado de Asturias (Consejeria de Agricultura) and Aragón (Diputación General de Aragón), the hunting wardens from Asturias and Aragón, Camino Real Hunting.