2. A) An inability to generate coherent sentences B) Minimal
functional deficit in memory abilities C) A lack of coordination
for procedural memories D) An ability to remember past memories but
no ability to form new ones 3. Fred was in an accident which
damaged his amygdala. Which of the following would he have most
difficulty with since the accident? A) Reading books B) Riding his
bike C) Having emotional content in his memories D) To
consolidation process 4. Kandels research into memory formation
found that A) Aplysia were more intelligent than dolphins B)
Biochemical changes in synaptic function form different types of
memories C) Neuronal changes due to learning were not verified in
other species, so his findings could not be verified D) Neuronal
biochemical changes were inconsistent between different species 5.
It has been suggested that differences in memory ability across
individuals lifespan are due to A) Higher levels of confidence in
elderly people when asked to learn or remember new information B)
Quicker processing of information by elderly people within tests of
memory retention when requiring recall C) An improvement in neural
functioning within the central nervous system of elderly people D)
Lower motivation among elderly people to remember new and
meaningless information 6. Impairment of memory for events that
occur prior to severe head injury is called A) Anterograde amnesia
B) Repression C) Retrograde amnesia D) Selective forgetting 7.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimers
disease? A) Deterioration of the hippocampus B) The accumulation of
fatty deposits within the brain C) Progressive decay of tissue
within the cerebral cortex D) Dramatic degradation of the reticular
activating system 8. An anterograde amnesiac was tested for her
memory span for unrelated nouns. What is your best guess about how
many items she remembered A) Zero B) Four C) Seven D) nine 9.
_______ refers to the process of maintaining information in our
memory. A) Encoding B) Acquisition C) Retention D) Recording 10. In
order for memory to be useful, it must be A) Recorded B) Retrieved
C) Linked to episodic contexts D) Decoded according to phonemic
characteristics 11. The word flower is flashed on a screen. A
mental picture of the word flower represents a _____ code; the
definition part of a plant used for decoration represents a
______code; and sounds like tower represents a ______ code. A)
structural; semantic; phonemic B) Iconic; semantic; episodic C)
Phonemic; structural; semantic D) Iconic; structural; echoic 12. A
neurodegenerative disease is best described as A) A brain trauma B)
An inflicted or acquired brain injury C) A brain-related disorder
associated with older people D) A progressive decline in the
structure and/or function of neurons in the central nervous system
13. ______ determines what information moves from sensory memory to
short-term memory. A) Chunking B) Consolidation C) Encoding D)
Selective attention 14. _______ provides a way of improving the
efficiency of short term memory by re-organising information into
larger units. A) Chunking B) Consolidation C) Encoding D)
Categorisation 15. Theories of short term memory propose that its
duration can be prolonged by; A) The formation of echoes B)
Rehearsal C) Counting aloud to prevent new input D) The use of
iconic imagery 16. Our episodic memory contains A) Personal
recollections of life events B) Factual memory C) Chronological
information D) Knowledge of how to do things 17. In free recall,
good memory performance for the items at the end of the list is
called; A) Displacement B) The primacy effect C) The latency effect
D) The recency effect 18. Short term memory stores A) A limited
amount of information while it is required for further manipulation
B) All forms of data, provided it is chunked into larger units of
information C) Only information retrieved from our LTM D) All of
the details gathered by our sensory systems until it is permanently
encoded into our LTM 19. The average number of bits of information
that can usually be processed within short term memory is A) 3 B) 5
C) 7 D) 9 20. As short term memory can only store information for
approximately_____ seconds, the process of ______ may be used to
hold onto this information while it is needed A) 18-20; chunking B)
3-4; selective attention C) 3-4; semantic encoding D) 18-20;
maintenance rehearsal 21. Maintenance rehearsal is to elaborative
rehearsal as A) Deep processing is to shallow processing B) Rote
repetition is to semantic encoding C) Organisation is to chunking
D) Decoding is to clustering 22. What type of memory retains
autobiographical information and factual knowledge? A) Declarative
memory B) Episodic memory C) Procedural memory D) Semantic memory
23. When listening to a speaker, you store the information that you
are hearing in ________until you are able to write it down. A)
Semantic B) Sensory C) Short term D) storage 24. Participants in an
ERA are briefly shown a group of four letters to remember. They are
then asked to count backward by threes from 547. What would you
expect to happen? A) Recall of the letters declines rapidly after
about 4 secs. B) Recall of the letters declines rapidly after about
20 secs C) There is no forgetting because four is less than the
magic number 7 + 2 D) Since the numbers and letters come from
different categories, there is not retrograde interference, hence
no forgetting 25. Linden is presented with a word. His task is now
to come up with a word of opposite meaning in the shortest possible
time. This experiment requires; A) Episodic memory B) Procedural
memory C) Semantic memory D) Short-term memory 26. Jack makes a
grocery list with ten items listed. When he gets to the store, he
realises he forgot the list and can only recall the first part of
the list. This is referred to as; A) The recency effect B) The
primacy effect C) The immediacy effect D) The latency effect 27.
Which of the following aspects of working memory would be involved
in repeating a phone number in our head until we could dial it? A)
The phonological loop B) The visuo-spatial sketchpad C) The central
executive D) Elaborative rehearsal 28. The concept of working
memory differs from the original concept of short term memory in
that; A) Information within working memory can be displaced due to
interference, whereas short term memories can be lost because of
decay B) Short term memory is a temporary storage system, whereas
working memory does not actually store that data it is processing
C) Working memory includes a processing system along with storage;
short term memory just stores information D) Working memory flows
from the sensory register and is followed by short term memory 29.
________ involves the inability to retrieve, recall, or recognise
information that is in long term memory. A) Displacement B) Disuse
C) Forgetting D) Interference 30. According to Freud, the process
whereby a person intentionally tries to think about other things in
order to forget unpleasant memories is called; A) Psychogenic
amnesia B) Decay C) Psychogenic interference D) Suppression 31.
According to the _______ theory of forgetting, sensory impressions
and acquired knowledge of facts leave memory traces that fade away
with time or lack of use. A) Decay B) Interference C) Consolidation
D) Repression 32. Lachie is trying to remember the name of a new
girl he met the day before. He knows her name begins with P but he
is unable to retrieve the name. His difficulty is known as A)
State-dependent forgetting B) The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon C)
Explicit memory failure D) Consolidation failure 33. After you move
house and are given a new phone number, you find that you have
trouble remembering it because your old phone number keeps getting
in the way. You are experiencing A) Retrograde amnesia B)
Anterograde amnesia C) Context-dependent memory D) Proactive
interference 34. It is suggested that study is followed by _______
in order to minimise the effects of interference on the retention
of information A) Watching TV B) Studying similar material C)
Studying different subject material D) Rest 35. Ebbinghaus research
into forgetting suggests that A) We forget at a steady rate B) We
forget slowly at first and then more rapidly as time progresses C)
We forget rapidly at first and then more slowly as time progresses
D) The method of relearning demonstrates that we never really
forget material that we learn. 36. In one of your classes last
week, you were introduced to some material that was quite dry and
boring. You were determined to learn it and succeeded in doing so
but have not had the chance to revise it since. How much material
can you expect to have forgotten an hour afterwards? A) 20 % B) 40%
C) 66% D) around 50% 37. Which of the following is the least
sensitive measure of memory retention? A) Recognition B) Recall C)
Relearning D) Retrieval 38. Students who go to uni find it easier
to study a foreign language they learned in secondary school. This
illustrates A) Recall B) Relearning C) Rehearsal D) Recognition 39.
A question in your psychology exam requires you to describe the
differences between the different levels of memory. This type of
question uses which measure of retention? A) Recognition B) Recall
C) Relearning D) Retrieval 40. The mnemonic technique in which an
individual employs one is a bun, two is a shoe... is called the A)
Narrative chaining B) Chunking C) Acrostic D) Peg word method 41.
People sometimes use the phrase my very elegant mother just sits
under new potatoes to remember the names and order of the planets.
This is and example of A) An acrostic B) Narrative chaining C)
Method of loci D) An acronym 42. Sometimes witnesses are taken back
to the scene of the crime by the police because they believe that
witnesses will have better recall due to A) Context cues B)
Re-living the event C) Mnemonic triggers D) State-dependent
cues
