Mel20140521 6key

英語学習法Ⅰ 第６回 May 21st, 2014!

!

亘理陽一 [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

Warm-up Listening

• by

• by

第6回: All about Writing

• Feedback & Review

• Task

• Understanding the paragraph

• Teaching/Learning Practice: Writing

• Assignment: 土屋（2004）& ...

天満美智子元津田塾大学学長

英文読解の困難要因• 学習者の言語知識の不足

• 特に語彙の難しさ、文の長さ

• 学習者の常識的（背景的）知識の不足

• 教材の不適切さ

• 指導法の不適切さ

文レベルの読解ストラテジー• 語彙のストラテジー

• 1. 未知の語の前後の語，文のコンテクストから推測

• He is too rigid, too narrow-minded.

• 2. 語の成り立ちの知識: 接頭辞・接尾辞・語根

• irreplaceable

• 3. 辞書を引く；英英辞書の英文例

文レベルの読解ストラテジー• 統語のストラテジー

• 1～4. 手がかり→句・節のまとまりの把握

• 5. 従属接続詞＝新たな節のはじまり

• 6. 最初の節は，主節

• 7. so＋形容詞・副詞→that節，too＋形容詞・副詞→to不定詞

文レベルの読解ストラテジー• 意味のストラテジー

• 1. 内容語に注目

• 2. 動詞の意味が必要とする要素

• 3. 旧情報に対応する名詞句を探し，対応させて解釈

• 4. 最初の名詞−動詞−名詞の並び→特動作主−動作−目的

• 5. 節が2つ→節の順序が出来事の順序

• 6. 旧情報が新情報に先行

文章レベルの読解ストラテジー• 予備的な読み＆読み方の種別

• Skimming: テキストの全体にさっと目を走らせて，大づかみに大意をとる読み

• Scanning: 特定の情報だけにねらいをつけて，それを求めて素早く読む方法（検索読み）

Task

Task

• Write a SVO sentence with past tense. 過去形

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Communicative Task

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Task

• Feel the telepathy and write a To-infinitival To不定詞 clause to follow the previous sentence.

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Communicative Task

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Task

• Check the result of your telepathy.

• Write a story to make the sentence its solution (Goal) with your partners.

• with more than 5 sentences.

Story Maps

• Setting

• Characters/Place/Time

• Problem

• (Events) Goal

• Ending

Exercise• 添削会議（全体で約15分）:

ポイントを簡単に協議→

• 先生①: Read and comment on the essays your students wrote.

• 先生②: Read and comment on the stories other pairs made.

• 論証文のポイント指導

Understanding the paragraph

• (1) Which paragraph do you think is better? Why?

• ( A / B ) is better because ...


• (1) Which paragraph do you think is better? Why?

• ( A / B ) is better because ...

• all of the sentences are about one topic.

• the violin family of instruments


• A is a good paragraph.

• There are several instruments in the violin family. The violin is the most popular. It is an important instrument in the classical orchestra. It is also played in jazz and country music groups. The cello and the viola have the same shape as a violin, but they are bigger. They are used mostly in classical music. The biggest stringed instrument is the bass. It’s so big you have to stand up when you play it. The bass is played in classical orchestras, and it is also often played in jazz groups.


• B is not a good paragraph.

• Violins are made of wood. The best old pianos were made in Germany. Musicians spend a lot of time practicing. Sometimes they play for eight hours a day. Most violinists stand up when they play alone. Taking music lessons can be expensive. The kind of wood in a violin is important. Many famous musicians started to study at an early age.


• (2) In this paragraph, the topic is bicycles. What is the author’s main idea about bicycles?

• In some parts of the world, ...

• a) Bicycles are cheaper than cars.

• b) The transportation without a drop of gas is better.

• c) Bicycles are good for transportation.



• In some parts of the world, ...







• →too specific；狭過ぎ，細か過ぎ，具体的過ぎ


• →too general；漠然とし過ぎ，抽象的過ぎ



• Topic sentence(トピック・センテンス)

• 書き手が主張しようとしていること(main idea主旨)を述べる

• パラグラフの最初の位置に来ることが断然多い（最後や中ほどに来ることもある）

• Support sentence(s)(サポート・センテンス)

• 主旨をより詳しく説明，描写したり，例を挙げたり，他のものと比較したり，原因や理由を述べたりする


• E.g. (1) A.

• MI: There are several instruments in the violin family.

• The violin is the most popular.

• The cello and the viola have the same shape as a violin(,)

• The biggest stringed instrument is the bass.

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Task 2

Task 2

• (　　　) is the best place to live in.

• 空欄を自分の意見で埋めて、エッセイを書いてみよう。その主張を裏打ちする「実例」をいくつかあげること。

Some writing tips

• 1. いる・あるで終わる文章:

• There is[are]/ We have

• 2. 動詞がある文章:

• 使う動詞を考える→主語を考える

• 3. 動詞がない文章: be動詞

Some writing tips

• いる・あるで終わる文章: There …/ We have

• 大都市にはたくさんの人がいる。

• There are lots of people in a big city.

• 静岡にはたくさんの自然がある。

• There is a lot of nature in Shizuoka.

• We have rich nature in Shizuoka.

Some writing tips

• 動詞がある文章:

• 動詞決め→主語決め→必要な目的語

• 静岡ではおいしい水が飲める。

• 使う動詞を考える: drink→can drink

• 主語を考える: △I→×Shizuoka→You

• You can drink delicious water in Shizuoka.

Some writing tips

• 動詞がない文章: be動詞

• 大都市は車で混雑している。

• Big cities are (too) crowded with cars.

• 静岡はのどかだ。

• Shizuoka is a peaceful place (to live).

• Cf. We have peaceful scenes in Shizuoka./You can see …

Assignment

• 配布資料を読む

• 講義資料p.4の文章を暗唱（原稿を見ずに聴衆に伝えることが）できるように準備

• 次回: 暗唱コンテスト

Education

Mel20140521 6key