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Chapter 12Algebra and Graphing
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Chapter 12Algebra and Graphing
Click the mouse or press the space bar to continue.
Lesson 12-1 Negative Numbers
Lesson 12-2 Find Points on a Grid
Lesson 12-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
Lesson 12-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
Lesson 12-5 Functions
Lesson 12-6 Graph Functions
Lesson 12-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
1212Algebra and Graphing
Five-Minute Check (over Chapter 11)
Main Idea and Vocabulary
California Standards
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
• I will understand and use negative numbers.
• positive number
• negative number
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
Standard 4NS1.8 Use concepts of negative numbers (e.g., on a number line, in counting, in temperature, and in “owing”).
Write the number that represents the situation. Then show the number on a number line. Sara owes her mom $5.
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
When you owe money, it is a decrease. The number is –5.
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
Write the number that represents the situation.The temperature is 7 below zero.
A. –7
B. 7
C. 0
D. –8
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
Write the number that represents the situation. Then show the number on a number line. Grant earned $7 for shoveling Mr. Lincoln’s driveway.
When you earn money, it is an increase. The number is 7 or +7.
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
Write the number that represents the situation. Julia deposits $25 into her bank account.
A. 0
B. 25
C. –25
D. 30
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
Write the number of each letter on the number line.
A is between –4 and –2. So, A is –3.
B is between –2 and 0. So, B is –1.
C is the same distance from zero as +4. Answer: So, C is +4.
12-112-1 Negative Numbers
Write the number of each letter on the number line.
A. –5; –4; –3
B. –3; –1; 4
C. –3; –2; –1
D. –3; 1; 4
Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 12-1)
Main Idea and Vocabulary
California Standards
Example 1
Example 2
12-212-2 Find Points on a Grid
12-212-2 Find Points on a Grid
• I will use ordered pairs to find and name points on a grid.
• coordinate plane
• origin
• x-axis
• y-axis
• ordered pair
• coordinates
12-212-2 Find Points on a Grid
Preparation for Standard 4MG2.1 Draw the points corresponding to linear relationships on graph paper (e.g., draw 10 points on the graph of the equation y = 3x and connect them by using a straight line).
What is located at point (2, 5)?
To find (2, 5), start at (0, 0). Move right 2 units. Then, move up 5 units.
Answer: The ordered pair (2, 5) locates the post office.
12-212-2 Find Points on a Grid
12-212-2 Find Points on a Grid
What is located at point (1, 3)?
A. red house
B. blue house
C. tan house
To find (–3, 5), start at (0, 0). The –3 tells you to move 3 units to the left. The 5 tells you to move 5 units up.
Answer: The ordered pair (–3, 5) locates the letter C.
What letter is located at (–3, 5)?
12-212-2 Find Points on a Grid
12-212-2 Find Points on a Grid
What letter is located at (–4, 2)?
A. Q
B. R
C. S
Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 12-2)
Main Idea and Vocabulary
California Standards
Key Concept: Length of Line Segments
Example 1
Example 2
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
• I will graph ordered pairs and find the lengths of line segments on a coordinate grid.
• graph
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
Standard 4MG2.2 Understand that the length of a horizontal line segment equals the difference of the x-coordinates.
Standard 4MG2.3 Understand that the length of a vertical line segment equals the difference of the y-coordinates.
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
Graph point P at (–2, 4).
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
Step 1 Start at (0, 0).
Step 2 The x-coordinate is –2. So, move 2 units to the left.
Step 3 The y-coordinate is 4. So, move 4 units up.
Step 4 Graph a point at (–2, 4). Label it P.
P
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
Choose which graph shows point A at (1, 4).
A. B.
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
Choose which graph shows point A at (1, 4).
C. D.
Find the distance between (2, 2) and (2, 6).
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
The line segment is vertical. Subtract the y-coordinates.
length of segment= 6 – 2= 4
Answer: The length is 4 units.
12-312-3 Graph Ordered Pairs
Find the distance between (1, 5) and (1, 2).
A. 2 units
B. 3 units
C. 4 units
D. 5 units
Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 12-3)
Main Idea
California Standards
Example 1: Problem-Solving Strategy
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
• I will solve problems using logical reasoning.
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
Standard 4MR1.1 Analyze problems by identifying relationships, distinguishing relevant from irrelevant information, sequencing and prioritizing information, and observing patterns.
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
Standard 4SDAP1.1 Formulate survey questions; systematically collect and represent data on a number line; and coordinate graphs, tables, and charts.
Bella, Devan, Carl, and Jill live on Ash, Pine, Maple, and Oak Streets. Bella lives on Ash. Devan does not live on Pine. Carl lives on Maple. What street does Jill live on?
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
Understand
What facts do you know?
• The four students live on Ash, Pine, Maple, and Oak Streets.
• Bella lives on Ash Street.
• Devan does not live on Pine Street.
• Carl lives on Maple Street.
What do you need to find?
• Find what street Jill lives on.
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
Plan
You can use logical reasoning and a table to solve the problem.
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
Solve
Answer: So, Jill must live on Pine Street.
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
• Bella lives on Ash and Carl lives on Maple. So Jill cannot live on either of these streets.
• Devan does not live on Pine Street. He must live on Oak Street.
Check
Look back at the problem. The answer makes sense for the facts given in the problem.
So, the answer is correct.
12-412-4 Problem-Solving Strategy: Use Logical Reasoning
Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 12-4)
Main Idea and Vocabulary
California Standards
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
12-512-5 Functions
12-512-5 Functions
Standard 4AF1.5 Understand that an equation, such as y = 3x + 5, is a prescription for determining a second number when a first number is given.
Jake makes a $2 profit for each magazine subscription he sells. Complete the function table to show the profits earned for the number of subscriptions sold.
Make a table to find how much money Jake will make for the number of subscriptions sold. Multiply each input by 2 to find each output.
12-512-5 Functions
4 × 2
6 × 2
8
12
12-512-5 Functions
Anita makes $5 for every yard she rakes leaves for. Complete the function table to show the profits earned for the number of yards raked.
A. 4 × 2 = 8; 6 × 2 = 12
B. 5 × 4 = 25; 5 × 6 = 35
C. 5 × 4 = 20; 5 × 6 = 30
D. 4 × 4 = 16; 6 × 6 = 36
Use the rule y = 4x to complete a function table where the input is 4, 6, 8, 10.
12-512-5 Functions
The rule y = 4x means to multiply x by 4 to get y.
12-512-5 Functions
Use the rule y = 5x to complete a function table where the input is 2, 4, 6, 8. What is the output for each input?
A. 10, 20, 30, 40
B. 5, 10, 15, 20
C. 7, 9, 11, 13
D. 2, 4, 6, 8
Use the rule y = 2x + 5 to complete a function table where the input is 3, 5, 7.
12-512-5 Functions
First, multiply x by 2. Then, add 5 to the product to get y.
12-512-5 Functions
Use the rule y = 4x + 1 to complete a function table where the input is 2, 4, 6. What is the output for each input?
A. 8, 16, 24
B. 9, 17, 25
C. 2, 4, 6
D. 3, 5, 7
Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 12-5)
Main Idea
California Standards
Example 1
Example 2
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Graph Functions
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Standard 4MG2.1 Draw the points corresponding to linear relationships on graph paper (e.g., draw 10 points on the graph of the equation y = 3x and connect them by using a straight line).
Each smoothie at the bakery costs $3. The function table shows how much it will cost if you buy 1, 2, 3, or 4 smoothies. Write the ordered pairs and graph the function y = 3x. Then use the graph to find how much 6 smoothies will cost.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Step 1 Write the ordered pairs. Then graph.
Step 2 Extend the pattern in the graph by drawing a straight line. The straight line will help you see the pattern.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Answer: So, 6 smoothies will cost $18.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Noah gets $11 a week for allowance. Find ordered pairs and graph y = 11x to find how much money Noah will have after 8 weeks.
A. $70
B. $75
C. $80
D. $88
Graph 10 points on the graph of the function y = 3x – 1.
Complete a table to find the ordered pairs.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Then graph the ordered pairs on a coordinate plane. Connect the points with a straight line.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Choose the correct chart of ordered pairs and graph that go with the equation y = 2x + 2.
A.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Choose the correct chart of ordered pairs and graph that go with the equation y = 2x + 2.
B.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Choose the correct chart of ordered pairs and graph that go with the equation y = 2x + 2.
C.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Choose the correct chart of ordered pairs and graph that go with the equation y = 2x + 2.
D.
12-612-6 Graph Functions
Choose the correct chart of ordered pairs and graph that go with the equation y = 2x + 2.
D.
Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 12-6)
Main Idea
California Standards
Example 1: Problem-Solving Investigation
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
• I will solve problems by choosing the best strategy.
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
Standard 4MR1.1 Analyze problems by identifying relationships, distinguishing relevant from irrelevant information, sequencing and prioritizing information, and observing patterns.
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
Standard 4AF1.5 Understand that an equation such as y = 3x + 5 is a prescription for determining a second number when a first number is given.
AIDEN: I just got a new video game system. Games cost $20. Felice has the older version of the video game system. Her games cost $15. How many video games can we each buy if we each have $60?
YOUR MISSION: Find out how many games each person can buy.
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
Understand
What facts do you know?
• Games for Aiden’s game system cost $20.
• Games for Felice’s game system cost $15.
• Each has $60 to spend on video games.
What do you need to find?
• Find how many games each person can buy.
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
Plan
To find the answer, organize the data to show the number of games and the total amount of money spent.
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
Solve
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
Answer: Since Aiden’s games cost more, he can only buy 3, whereas Felice can buy 4.
Check
Look back at the problem. Since 20 × 3 = 60 and 15 × 4 = 60, you know that the answer is correct.
12-712-7 Problem-Solving Investigation: Choose a Strategy
1212Algebra and Graphing
Five-Minute Checks
Graph Functions
1212Algebra and Graphing
Lesson 12-1 (over Chapter 11)
Lesson 12-2 (over Lesson 12-1)
Lesson 12-3 (over Lesson 12-2)
Lesson 12-4 (over Lesson 12-3)
Lesson 12-5 (over Lesson 12-4)
Lesson 12-6 (over Lesson 12-5)
Lesson 12-7 (over Lesson 12-6)
1212Algebra and Graphing
(over Chapter 11)
Find the area of the figure.
A. 60
B. 36
C. 56
D. 48
6
4
4
6
1212Algebra and Graphing
Write the number of letter A on the number line.
A. –2
B. 3
C. –3
D. –1
(over Lesson 12-1)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Write the number of letter B on the number line.
A. 3
B. 1
C. –2
D. 2
(over Lesson 12-1)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Write the number of letter C on the number line.
A. –4
B. 4
C. 2
D. 3
(over Lesson 12-1)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Write the ordered pair that names point A.
A. (2, –2)
B. (–1, 2)
C. (–2, 2)
D. (–2, –2)
(over Lesson 12-2)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Write the ordered pair that names point B.
A. (–5, –1)
B. (5, 1)
C. (–5, 2)
D. (–5, 1)
(over Lesson 12-2)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Write the ordered pair that names point C.
A. (–4, 3)
B. (4, –3)
C. (–4, –3)
D. (4, 3)
(over Lesson 12-2)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Find the length of the horizontal or vertical line segment formed by the following set of ordered pairs: (5, 4), (1, 4).
A. 6
B. 9
C. 4
D. 5
(over Lesson 12-3)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Find the length of the horizontal or vertical line segment formed by the following set of ordered pairs: (–3, 6), (–3, 0).
A. 3
B. 6
C. 9
D. 0
(over Lesson 12-3)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Hugo has horses and ducks on his farm. He has 3 times as many horses as he does ducks. Together, the animals have 14 legs. How many horses and ducks does Hugo have?
A. 1 horse, 3 ducks
B. 2 horses, 3 ducks
C. 1 horse, 5 ducks
D. 3 horses, 1 duck
(over Lesson 12-4)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Use the rule to complete the function table.
A. 5, 6, 7
B. 9, 18, 27
C. 6, 9, 12
D. 5, 8, 11
(over Lesson 12-5)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Choose the set of points that belong on the graph of the function y = 2x.
A. (1, 2), (3, 6), (5, 8)
B. (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5)
C. (2, 1), (4, 2), (6, 3)
D. (1, 2), (2, 4), (3, 6)
(over Lesson 12-6)
1212Algebra and Graphing
Choose the set of points that belong on the graph of the function 2x = y.
A. (20, 10), (18, 9), (16, 8)
B. (10, 12), (9, 11), (8, 10)
C. (10, 20), (9, 18), (8, 16)
D. (10, 20), (18, 9), (8, 16)
(over Lesson 12-6)
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