Mapping UK Sea Space

Mapping UK Sea SpaceMapping UK Sea Space

J h PJohn Pepper

Principal Consultant

John Pepper Consultancy Ltd

BCS Symposium 11th June 2010

A Few Facts…Over 70% of the Earth’s surface is

covered by water but less than 1% has

been seen or explored by humans

Globally, only 10% of coastal states

have more than 50% of waters

(depth < 200m) surveyed to modern

standards

Demand for knowledge of our seas

outstrips the ability of Nations to

capture and map the information!


Historic perspectiveHistoric perspective• Reliance on paper charting to represent• Reliance on paper charting to represent

the real world

• Accuracy and precision a challenge

• Limited understanding of oceans

• Lack of source information

• Selected detail shown (<5%)• Selected detail shown (<5%)

• Cartographic interpretation

• Served the mariner well over time

But things are changing and fast!…


Why do we need a map?y p• Charts represent an interpretation of the

l ld d f freal world to aid safety of navigation

• Increasing use of the seabed ‐ bottomIncreasing use of the seabed bottom trawling, hydrocarbon extraction, sand and gravel extraction, cable and pipelineand gravel extraction, cable and pipeline laying, wind and wave power generation (Asset Management)(Asset Management)

• Spatial planning requires a sound base‐bi i fl hmap combining seafloor topography,

geology and habitat information (D i i M ki )(Decision Making)


THE CHALLENGE SOURCE FROM PRODUCTTHE CHALLENGE – SOURCE FROM PRODUCT

Source: GB ENC Source: SeaZone HydroSpatial

For many feature types the paper chart is the only source and is not legitimate


Areas to be mappedpp• Coastal zone ‐ from the shore to the 12 nautical mile limit Complex and expensive to map needmile limit. Complex and expensive to map ‐ need small boats, hovercraft, aircraft. Most data available but with gapsavailable but with gaps

• Shelf ‐ from the coastal zone to the shelf edge. An area of high activity (fisheries minerals)An area of high activity (fisheries, minerals). Some data exists but not all is available

• Deep sea beyond the shelf edge to the• Deep‐sea ‐ beyond the shelf edge to the territorial limit. An area of increasing exploitation of oil, gas and fish. Easier and p , gcheaper to map than other areas but little available for non military mapping


Example of what can be achieved from a specific Mapping Projectpp g j

Images courtesy of Federal State f M i USAof Maine; USA

Technological Developmentsg p• Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC’s)

• High Resolution Digital Survey Bathymetry (Multibeam & LiDAR)

• “Ping to Chart” Technology

• Visualisation tools – Augmented Reality

• Global Geospatial Data standards (ISO/OGC /S‐100)

R l Ti O Ob i S (• Real Time Ocean Observing Systems (e.g. GOOS)

• Data storage and processing power• Data storage and processing power

• Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV)


Civil Hydrographic Programme /Chart Data – Orkney Islands

Legislative DriversLegislative Drivers o EU and UK Marine Legislation

• Marine Conservation & Governance

• Marine Spatial Planning

• Marine Management Organisation / Marine• Marine Management Organisation / Marine Scotland

– Fisheries management

– Commercial development

– Climate Change

– Habitatsab tats

• Flooding

• Water Quality

• Emergency Planning & Response / Disaster Mitigation

… to achieve clean, safe, healthy, productive and biologically diverse oceans


Governance Drivers • Infrastructure for Spatial

Information in Europe (INSPIRE)– Metadata

– Data Sharing & Exchange

– Interoperability

– Network Services

– Monitoring

• UK Location Programme• UK Location Programme– we know what data we have, and avoid

duplicating it

f d t– we use common reference data

– we can share location‐related information

– we have the appropriate skills among geographic professionals and those who usegeographic professionals and those who use location information

– we have strong leadership and governance to drive through changeg g


R d l i i &Recent developments in mapping & visualising the marine environmentvisualising the marine environment

Coastal Mapping and Analysis

Land‐Sea Interoperabilityp y

Digital Terrain Modelling

Deep Ocean MappingDeep Ocean Mapping

Land‐Sea DEM’s

Smart Processes – Data Capture to Output Delivery


Coastal MappingCoastal Mapping• Spatial Planning

• Flooding and Inundation

• Shore‐line management plans (SMP’s)

• Safety of Life / Emergency Response

• Shoreline development

• Leisure activities

• Commercial activities (e.g. dredging)( g g g)

• Renewable Energy

• Ports and Harbours

• Beach Profiling

• LandscapeLandscape


Land Use

Source: Defra Irish Sea Pilot project ‐ 2006

Economic activity in the Irish Sea and coastal hinterland

Land Use

Tourism

Oil &GOil &Gas

Mariculture

Coastal DefencePorts &Ports &NavigationMilitary A i i iActivities

CultureC tiConservationDredging & DisposalpSubmarineCables

Fishing RenewableEnergy

MarineRecreation

MineralExtraction

Seabed Character and Bed Form Mapping

BGS/UKHO/SeaZone

Pilot Area

completed end 2008

To create a map like thismap like this

Rock

Featureless Sand

Sand waves

Sand wave crest lines

Sand and gravel

MAPS4ALL™ ‐ Where we are now!

Where we are with a 5m rise in Sea Level

Combined LiDAR ‐Imagery Coastal Zone oblique of the Scilly Isles‐courtesy of the Environment Agency

Combined coastal Topo‐Bathy LiDARimage of Watchet, Somerset ‐courtesy of Environment Agency

Combined estuarine LiDAR, Bathy and aerial imagery DEM of Rivers Taw and Torridge courtesy of the Environment Agency

Mounts Bay Coastal beach profile mapping to monitor sediment transport

Image courtesy of NetSurvey Ltd


Surface Model of Eastern Solent based on Digital Survey Bathymetry

Source: SeaZone Solutions: 2006


DORIS project bathymetric surveyDORIS project bathymetric survey


Offshore Renewable Capacity Report

Offshore Renewable Capacity Report

Ocean MappingOcean Mapping• Safety of Life / Emergency Response• Safety of Life / Emergency Response

• Risk Modelling and mitigation

• Climate Change

• Defence (sub‐marine)

• Hydrocarbons extraction (e.g. Gulf of Mexico)

• Physical Oceanography (e.g. salinity, light attenuation)

• Global Observing Systems

• Seismology• Seismology

• Habitat & Ecosystem Mapping

• Geophysics and Geomorphology

• Deep water infrastructure (e.g.Cables)

• Research & Development


Deep Ocean Mapping

The Arctic Ocean

The “Darwin Mounds”

Deep ocean DEM showing fault lines

Courtesy of the Royal Navy

Channel and ridgeChannel and ridge

D O A l i f DEMDeep Ocean Analysis from DEMCourtesy of the Royal Navy

MBES Wreck investigationMBES Wreck investigation

HMS REPULSE

Habitat Mapping using AUV’s/ ROV’sHabitat Mapping using AUV s/ ROV s

• Wide area data sets (multibeam bathymetry Images courtesy of NOC• Wide-area data sets (multibeam bathymetry

and/or sidescan sonar data) for biotic environment

Images courtesy of NOC

• Point- or line-based information (e.g. photo/

video data, seabed samples) for ‘ground-truthing’ of Untouched and trawled Lophelia‐reefs

the substrate and biological information

• A prerequisite for all scientific seabed studies and

an essential tool for the management and

assessment of human impacts

Images courtesy of JNCC ‐ 2010


Software requirements for bringing land and sea data together

• Hydro data is +ve down, Topo data is +ve up

f d b bl h dl hi

sea data together

– Software needs to be able to handle this

• Land and Sea data is often referenced to different coordinate systemscoordinate systems– Vertical = MSL for Land, LAT for Sea– DEM’s therefore need to be shifted (VORF, VDATUM, ASCII)( )– Or stored in reference to the Ellipsoid– Lat & Long versus OSGB36

• Sea to Shore models need to be created to resolve data gaps in the surf zone

• DEM’s need to be combined– For seamless examination and analysis

To derive continuous vector features e g contours– To derive continuous vector features e.g. contours

2 Import Sea Data1 Import Land Data

Topo-Bathy DEM Process (1)

2. Import Sea Data1. Import Land Data

3. Create TIN 4. Interpolate Surfaces from TIN

Images courtesy of CARIS

5. Perform Datum Shift 6. Combine DEM’s

Topo‐Bathy DEM Process (2)

7. Create Contours 8. Interrogate in 3D

Images courtesy of CARIS

• 90% of Ireland is under the sea

• 80% of UK is under the sea

SSo…

“Wh i 75% f UK ill“Why is 75% of UK sea space still not mapped?”not mapped?


Thank You

Any Questions

www.johnpepperconsultancy.com


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Mapping UK Sea Space