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Express & Normal Academic

Stream

CBSS Humanities – Constantly Adding Value to Everyone

1.Grid references

2.Bearings

3.Scale and Distance

4.Keys and Legends

Integral to the learning of

Geography

Gives perspective

Identifies location

Provides sense of space

Contour lines –

lines that show

elevation in height

Gridlines – lines

that segment the

topographical map

into parts

Eastings – gridlines

that increase as

they move East!

10 11 12 13 14

Northings –

gridlines that

increase as they

move North!

10 11 12 13 14

23

24

25

26

Unique number combinations (4/6

digit) that identifies locations

4 DIGIT GRID REFERENCE 6 DIGIT GRID REFERENCE

Refers to a grid

square

Gives general

area

Non-specific

Like your block

number.

Refers to a point

on the map

Gives specific

place

Like your house

unit number.

Read the Eastings first

Match the point with the

intersecting Northing.

Square on the top-right of the

location.

4 Digit grid reference(1224)

Divide the Grid square into 10

equal parts.

Each marking provides the 3rd

reference point.

Eastings first, Northings next.

Specific point located.

6 Digit grid reference(125245)

What’s the6 digit

ReferenceOf Y?

X

Y

The Angle of one location from another on the map

Provides accurate directional informationMore accurate than Cardinal Directions

(North / South / East / West)

Measurement of angle of one

location from another location.

Needs a protractor

Need a Ruler

Set Squares (optional)

X

Y

N

X

Y

N

X

Y

N

X

Y

N

X

Y

N

X from Y

Y from X

H from S

S from H

X

Y

H

S

N

Converting distance on the map

into real life distances

Measuring the different types of

distances on a map.

Straight line distance• Distance between 2 locations.

• Joined in a straight line.

• Regardless of landforms in between.

Road / Actual distance• Distance between 2 locations.

• Measured along major transport routes

Roads / Rivers / Railway tracks / etc.

Visual representation of scale

If no ratio scale is provided, measure with

a ruler and convert into ratio form

Measure to find out how

many units (cm)

represents 1 unit (km) on

the map!

Measure : Map

4cm : 1km

4 cm : 1000m

4 cm : 100 000 cm

1cm : 25 000cm

Ratio is:

1 : 25 000

16.2cmAnswers to be in km.

To 2 decimal places unless

otherwise stated.

• Connect the

locations with a

line

• Ignore the

landforms between

• Measure the

length of the line

• Convert into actual

distance

• Answer in km

6.8cm

Scale 1 : 15 0006.8cm = 6.8 x 15 000

= 102 000cm

= 1020m

= 1.02km

Start and Stop at

the point nearest

to the landform

Using a string,

measure the distance.

Keep as close to the

actual track as

possible.

Mark the end of the

track.

Making sense of the symbols on a

map

Understanding and seeing

relationships

Can be images

Can be symbols

Can be letters/ abbreviations