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Practical Presentation on using readers in the classroom by Patrick Hafenstein
Citation preview
Making Things Better for You!
Developing Good Reading Habits
Who was the first publisher to establish a children’s literature department?
1919
160+ years
Rudyard Kipling,Lewis Carrol,
H.G. Wells
British PrimeMinister
00770+
Countries
Examinerof 4 Exams
Authorof 5 books
Trained10,000+
teachers in8 countries
Helped35,000+
students getan o/s
Masters
Patrick Hafenstein
Making Things Better for You!
Which is the most decisive factor in determining the success of a reading class?
Making Things Better for You!
• The Topics• The Exercises• The Teacher• The Students• Test Practice• The Coursebook Desig
n
Making Things Better for You!
Engaging Content‘The truth of the
matter is that about 99% of teaching is
making the students feel interested in the
material. Then the other 1% has to do
with methods’.
Noam Chomsky
Interesting topics…
Making Things Better for You!
Provide new
information (innate
curiosity)
Provoke an emotional response (develop
imagination)
Are relevant to students’ lives
(age appropriate)
How do you teach reading?
Making Things Better for You!
Intensive vs.
Extensive
Skills & Strategies vs.
Comprehension
Top Down vs. Bottom
Up
Before, During & After Reading
Activities
Pre-Reading
Making Things Better for You!
Open up to page 96 &
start reading
Making Things Better for You!
1. Activating Schema
1.Brainstorming
2.Discussion Questions
3.Input
4.Drawings
5.Freewriting
6.Background info as quizzes.
Making Things Better for You!
Shark or Dolphin?
Making Things Better for You!
2. Pre-teach Vocabulary
Step 1: Presenting
Translations?
Flashcards
Illustrations
Mime
Sounds
Realia
Examples
Definitions
Antonyms/synonyms
Step 2: Practicing
Decision Making Tasks
Production Tasks
Games & Activities
Step 3: Consolidation
Reading
Listening
Making Things Better for You!
3. Text Prediction
• Key Word Guess
• Key Word Story
1. Ride/bike/apple
2. Summer/swimsuit/tree
3. Wear/sunglasses/ football
While Reading
Making Things Better for You!
Read and Answer the Questions
Making Things Better for You!
During Reading Exercises
Step 1: Shared Reading
Key Words Identifying
• Food - clap
• Adj. - stomp
• Animal - whistle
Key Word Stop
Error CorrectionStep 2: Guided
Reading
Erase it
Speedy Turn-taking
Emotional Reading
After Reading
Making Things Better for You!
Check your answers with your partner
Making Things Better for You!
After Reading Exercises
Vocabulary Development
Grammar in Context
Integrated Speaking/
Writing
Task-based Activities/
Project Work
Top Down vs. Bottom Up
Making Things Better for You!
What’s the difference?
Top DownActivating all prior knowledge about topic & text type, then skimming to get a rough idea of content & structure.
Bottom UpPaying close attention to the language, especially syntax and cohesion to understand difficult text.
Top Down vs. Bottom Up
Making Things Better for You!
Top Down vs. Bottom Up
Making Things Better for You!
Which process comes first?
Top Down
Making Things Better for You!
Step 1: What comes next?
Step 2: Summarising
Step 3: Underline the unfamiliar words
Step 4: What questions is the text trying to answer?
Step 5: Check questions have been answered
Step 6: Bottom up processing
Bottom Up Processing
Making Things Better for You!
The Nation Approach
•Identify what the cohesive elements refer to.
•Remove coordinating conjunctions & rewrite as 2 sentences.
•Find nouns & remove any items following them which are part of the same noun group.
•Find verbs & decide who/what does what
•Find participle, infinitive or prepositional clauses & decide who/what does what
Intensive vs. Extensive
Making Things Better for You!
What’s the difference?
ExtensiveReading large quantities of material or long texts for global or general understanding with the intention of gaining pleasure from the text.
IntensiveReading a text in detail with the intent to understand all structures, lexis and text organisation and at the same time developing reading skills.
Extensive vs. Intensive Reading
Making Things Better for You!
When (second languagelearners)read for pleasure,
they can continue toimprove in their second
language without classes, without teachers, without
study & even without people to converse with.
(Krashen 1993 p.84)
Benefits of Extensive Reading…
Making Things Better for You!
Pupils developed a wideractive & passive vocabulary.
They used more varied sentencestructure & were better at
spotting & correcting grammaticalmistakes in their writing &speaking. They showed an
overall improvement in writingskills & increased confidence &
fluency in speaking. (Davis1995 p.330)
Benefits of Extensive Reading…
Making Things Better for You!
Reading for Pleasure
Making Things Better for You!
As a teacher, your role is to MOTIVATE students to read
and this is the most challenging part of Extensive
Reading Although there are many benefits of
reading, that does not mean students
will read.
Making Things Better for You!
A story about a festival A story about a sportA story about a very cold place
Making Things Better for You!
Step1
Choose the right books
1.Length & Complexity
2.Layout
3.Vocabulary
4.Illustrations
5.Topic
E. Graphics aid understanding of vocabulary & story
B. Short, simple stories with repetitive language.
D. Enjoyable stories that students will be enthusiastic about
C. Ability to understand at least 75-80% of the words
A. Easy to read font size & not too wordy
Implementing an Extensive Reading Program
Making Things Better for You!
Step2
Setting upthe program
Have students set up, run & maintain the reading program so they gain a sense of ownership. Things to do include;
• Setting up and running a book loan system.
• Keeping a list of books and updating it.
• Keeping reading records & book reports.
• Keeping books neatly & correctly displayed.Making Things Better for You!
Implementing an Extensive Reading Program
Step3
Run itSuccessfully
1.Be a role model & provide guidance, e.g. read aloud, conduct interviews…
2. Encourage peer feedback, e.g. student presentations, book clubs, mini book fairs
3. Keep it entertaining, e.g. discourage the use of dictionaries, use audio-visual equipment, bring in promotional materials.
Making Things Better for You!
Implementing an Extensive Reading Program
Reading Comprehension vs. Reading Skills &
Strategies
Making Things Better for You!
What’s the difference?
Reading ComprehensionTo check learners’ understanding of a text typically through multiple choice questions, true/false statements, wh-questions, gap fills, etc.
Reading Skills & StrategiesTraining students to be more effective readers by teaching them to infer meaning, guess vocab from context, distinguishing key points, etc.
Comprehension vs. Skills & Strategies
Making Things Better for You!
Increasing Reading SpeedRepeat reading, for example reading a 100 word passage 4 times in 2 minutes. This can be more effective than reading once slowly.
Reading Skills & Strategies
Making Things Better for You!
• What is one quality of an interesting topic?• What is one way to activate schema?• What is one way to present vocabulary?• What is one way to practice vocabulary?• What is one way to predict text?• What is one shared reading activity?• What is one guided reading activity?• What is one top down approach?• What is one bottom up approach?• What is one benefit of extensive reading?• How can you improve reading fluency?
Teaching Reading Summary
Making Things Better for You!
Any Questions?
Making Things Better for You!
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