- 1. J-M. LuginbuhlNC STATE UNIVERSITY
2. Diet preferences % of diet
PlantHorseCattleSheepGoatGrass90706020Weed4203020Browse6101060 3.
DockDog fennelLambsquarterHorseweed 4. Browse Provides shade in
summer Cannot be grazed too hard: keep as a resource 5. Multiflora
rose: 19% CPGreen briar: 16% CPBlack locust: 23% CPSweet gum 6.
Black or Wild Cherry Wilted leaves, twigs, seeds Prussic acid
poisoning 7. FEED COSTS $ per lb of dry matter PASTURES Permanent..
Annual..035 .05 .045 .06STORED FORAGES Hay... Silage..BYPRODUCTS
and/or CONCENTRATES NCSU BUDGETS (2013).06 - .10 .055 - .085 .09
.25 8. Seasonal Distribution of Growth (lb/acre/day) Cool season
plants Alfalfa Bluegrass Brassicas Chicory Clovers, annuals
Clovers, perennials* Fescue* Orchardgrass* Prairiegrass Ryegrass,
annual* Ryegrass, perennial Cereal grains*60 50 40 30 20 10 0
JanFeb MarAprMay JunJulAug SepOct Nov Dec 9. Seasonal Distribution
of Growth (lb/acre/day) Warm season plants Bahia Bermuda Bluestem
Browse Corn Cowpea* Crabgrass Dallisgrass Gamagrass Johnsongrass
Millet* Sorghum-Sudan Soybean* Sudan Switchgrass*80 70 60 50 40 30
20 10 0 JanFeb MarAprMay JunJulAug SepOct Nov Dec 10. Seasonal
Distribution of Growth (lb/acre/day) Cool and Warm season plants
www.forages.ncsu.edu [email protected] 11. Ideal Grazing Plan on
Your Farm 75% cool season forages25% warm season forages30% Legume
mix 12. Black locustMulberryHoney LocustMimosa 13. Forage Quality
& Goat Requirements PROTEIN 20Protein, %15 10Weanling Does in
Early Lactation Yearling Dry and Early Pregnant Does5 0 Vegetative
PastureMature PastureBrowse 14. Forage EstablishmentJean-Marie
LuginbuhlNC STATE UNIVERSITY 15. Soil Testing is Key Test 6 months
before establishment Gives you time to apply lime Grasses need pH
5.8-6.3 Legumes prefer pH 6.0-6.5 Some forages like lespedeza grow
well in low fertile soils Phosphorus (P) and Potassium (K) can be
incorporated into soil before planting needed for legumes 16.
Establishment failures caused by: Poor seedbed preparation
Incorrect seed depth Incorrect planting date Pests (weeds, insects,
diseases) Soil/plant incompatibility Stress factors (drought)
Herbicide carry over Incorrect seeding rate Poor germination 17.
Establishment issues 18. Excellent stand 19. Spraying Round-up 20.
No-till drill planting into existing sod 21. Prepared seedbed 22.
Prepare a smooth, firm seedbed to drill seedsThese seedbeds are
firm and have no large hard clods. The shoe impression did not sink
into the soil (firm) yet it made a clear impression. Your footprint
should never go deeper than For a sandy soil, more small clods
would be desirable to inhibit wind erosion.When you plant onto soft
soil, the seeds will go too deep and never break through the soil
23. www.forages.ncsu.edu Tech. Bull. 305, Chap 11Broadcasting seeds
Seeding rates are 25-50% higher than drilling Lower soil-seed
contact Run over field with cultipacker, drag, animal hooves 24.
Cultipackers 25. Seeding Depth is CriticalSoil level - Small seeds
like legumesGrass seeds 1-2Plant seeds a little bit deeper in sandy
soils because of moisture stressLarge seeds like corn, millet,
sudangrass 26. Establishing Warm Season Annuals Plant Pearlmillet,
Sorghumsudan hybrids, Sudangrass, Soybeans, Cowpea, Crabgrass, Sun
Hemp in late April early May Earlier = less weed competition Apply
N to grasses Graze June Aug/Sept 27. Establishing Warm Season
Perennials Plant Sericea Lespedeza Late February Early March Plant
Bluestem, Gamagrass, Switchgrass - March/April Graze May Aug (not
during year of establishment) Plant into a fallow field or winter
annual field grazed down Bermudagrass sprigs March Bermudagrass
seeds April/May 28. Establishing Cool Season Grasses Tall Fescue,
Orchardgrass Ideally plant in Sept 1 Oct 15 Insect problems army
worms, grasshoppers Kill existing sod 2 weeks prior No till drill
into a thin stand Planting too late = freezing Plants need 3-4
leaves before frost Fertilize with N or add clovers 29.
Establishing Cool Season Grasses Tall Fescue, Orchardgrass Plant in
March Problems with annual weeds (mow) Plant early so seedlings can
handle summer heat and drought Kill sod the previous fall Plant a
winter annual prior to spring planting 30. Establishing Legumes 30%
mix of legumes in cool-season pastures can replace 150 lb N/yr/acre
Sow clovers (ladino, crimson, red, others) Sept-Oct Possibly band
spray roundup before fall planting of clovers Frost seed clovers in
late winter (Feb-March) Plant Austrian winter pea, vetches in Sept
Oct Alfalfa - Sept-Oct 31. Establishing Legumes If you drill into
fescue sod make sure stubble is
