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Hanadi Mirza [email protected]
3
STUDENT-CENTERED CLASSROOM
• How do students actively learn?
• What is learning?
Hanadi Mirza [email protected]
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Ten Principles of Learning1. We learn to do by doing. 2. We learn to do what we do and not something else. 3. Without readiness, learning is inefficient and may be harmful. 4. Without motivation there can be no learning at all. 5. For effective learning, responses must be immediately reinforced. 6. Meaningful content is better learned and longer retained than less
meaningful content. 7. For the greatest amount of transfer learning, responses should be
learned in the way they are going to be used. 8. One's response will vary according to how one perceives the
situation. 9. An individuals responses will vary according to the learning
atmosphere. 10.One does the only thing one can do given the physical inheritance,
background, and present acting forces.
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Tell me and I will forget
Show me and I might not remember
Involve me and I will understand
Ce qui reste quand on a tout oublié
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What Do We Remember?• We remember …
• 10% of what we read;• 20% of what we hear;• 30% of what we see;• 50% of what we see and hear• 80% of what we say;• 90% of what we say and do
From: Resources for Organizations and Creative Training TechnIques, 1997
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Teacher Should:
• check students’ prior knowledge about the desired topic
• help/guide students to say and do
To construct THEIR own knowledge.
CONSTRUCTIVISM
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GAPS
NO lazy students but students with gaps in
prior knowledge.
Teachers are one major cause of students’gaps in knowledge.(students with normal abilities)
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Types of Learners & Learning Styles
Types of learners Learning styles
High
Average }Achievers
Low
VAK
Visual,Auditory,Kinesthetic
VARK
Visual,Aural,Read/Write,
Kinesthetic
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Some Prerequisites for a Successful Lesson Plan
• Material• -Rapport between Teacher and students
-Appropriate Use of Motivational Strategies• Reward/Punishment System• Effective Classroom Management Techniques
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MATERIAL
• Interesting/ motivating• Valuable/ relevant• Appropriate level of difficulty (neither too easy
nor too difficult)• Balanced activities • Suitable for different types of learners (individual
differences)• Appropriate visual aids and graphic organizers
(Importance of visual aids especially in lower elementary class rooms).
• Integration of language skills.
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Rapport between teachers and students:
Teacher should:
• Create a positive environment ( A classroom where it is FUN to learn and where students’ anxiety level is low)
• have NO teacher’s pets• Be friendly but firm • promote affiliation and approval among students• Apply effective motivational strategies before
during and after the lesson plan
Hanadi Mirza [email protected]
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How can a Teacher motivate students?
8 characteristics to motivate students:
1. Instructor's enthusiasm2. Relevance of the material3. Organization of the course4. Appropriate difficulty level of the material5. Balanced activities6. Active involvement of students7. Variety8. Rapport between teacher and students
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Incorporate Instructional Behaviors
• Hold high but realistic expectations for your students
• Help students set achievable goals for themselves
• Tell students what they need to do to succeed in your course
• Strengthen students' self-motivation• Avoid creating intense competition among
students• Be enthusiastic about your subject
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Structure Your Course
• Work from students' strengths and interests
• When possible, let students have some say in choosing what will be studied
• Increase the difficulty of the material as the semester progresses
• Vary your teaching methods.
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Respond To Their Work
• Give students feedback as quickly as possible
• Reward success• Introduce students to the good work done
by their peers• Be specific when giving negative feedback• Avoid demeaning comments• Avoid giving in to students' pleas for "the
answer" to homework problems
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De-emphasize Grades
• Emphasize mastery and learning rather than grades
• Design tests that encourage the kind of learning you want students to achieve
• Avoid using grades as threats to punish:
a-Student’s misbehavior
b-Incomplete tasks
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8 Simple Rules for Teachers
• Rule 1: Emphasize the most critical concepts continuously.
• Rule 2: Provide students with a "visual aid" when possible to explain abstract concepts.
• Rule 3: Rely on logic when applicable.• Rule 4: Use in-class activities to reinforce newly
presented material.• Rule 5:Help students create a “link” when teaching
something new.• Rule 6: Recognize the importance of vocabulary in a
course.• Rule 7: Treat students with respect.• Rule 8: Hold students to a high standard.
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Other ImportantTeacher’s Characteristics
Teacher should develop the 3 Rogerian
Characteristics of a counselor:
a. Listen intently to his/her students
b. Unconditionally accept all students
c. Empathize with his/her students
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Reward/punishment system:
• Be consistent in applying class rules agreed upon on the first day of school
• Use happy/sad face chart (or equivalent)
• Use appropriately token economy &Time-Out
• Don’t punish students RATHER motivate them to complete the task
• Don’t ridicule students
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Classroom Management Techniques
Effective management of:
• Class time (time on task)• Students behavior ( behavior modification and
reward/punishment system) • Classroom instructions Tell students: 1- what to do 2- what material to use 3- how much time to complete the task
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Useful Educational Sites
• http://honolulu.hawaii.edu/intranet/committees/FacDevCom/guidebk/teachtip/teachtip.htm
• www.teAchnology.com
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Neuroscience &
Lesson Planning
FROM BRAIN SCAN TO LESSON PLAN
http://www.apa.org/monitor/mar00/brainscan.html