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Driver Training
Longer Combination
Vehicles
LCV Training Rules
Issued March 30, 2004
Effective June 1, 2004
49 CFR Part 380, §§380.101 – 380.401
1a
LCV Training Rules
35,000 LCV drivers initially
No grandfathering after June 2005
1,200 trained annually
1b
LCVs Defined
Longer Combination Vehicle:any combination of a truck-tractor and two or more trailers or semi-trailers which operate on the “National System of Interstate and Defense Highways” in interstate commerce with a gross vehicle weight (GVW) greater than 80,000 pounds.
1c
LCVs Defined
“National System of Interstate and Defense Highways” = interstate highway system
www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder has list of highways
1d
LCVs Defined
Gross vehicle weight = scale weight Total, actual weight of
all vehicles in the combination plus all cargo and people
≤ 80,000 # = exempt
1e
Most Common LCVs
1f
Where Can LCVs Operate?
Not all states allows LCVs 1956: more than 20 states given
option to allow LCVs. Not all states exercised that option.
1991: law prohibited states from further increasing size/weight of combination vehicles.
1g
Where Can LCVs Operate?
Western states
Some turnpikes
Type of LCVs allowed differs from state to state
1h
“No motor carrier shall…”
…allow a driver to operate an LCV unless driver has:
LCV Driver-Training Certificate or Certificate of Grandfathering
CDL
Endorsement(s)
1i
Who Qualifies For Training?
“Present evidence” that you had the following in previous 6 months:
Valid Class A CDL with double/triple endorsement
Driving experience* in Class A vehicle
*Evidence = employer’s written statement
2a
Who Qualifies For Training?
One driver’s license No CDL suspension,
revocation, or cancellation No “major offense” convictions while
operating CMV No “railroad-highway grade crossing”
convictions while operating CMV
2b
Who Qualifies For Training?
No convictions for violating OOS orders
No more than 1 “serious traffic violation” conviction while operating CMV
No convictions for violating traffic control laws in connection with crash involving a CMV
2c
Training includes…
Written knowledge test (classroom)– Given by any qualified
driver-instructor– Passing score = 80%
Skills test, including actual operation of LCV (behind-the-wheel)– Given only by qualified LCV skills
instructor
2d
Training Outline
1. Orientation
– LCVs in Trucking
– Regulations
– Driver Qualifications
– Vehicle Configuration Factors
3a
Training Outline (cont’d)
2. Basic Operation
– Coupling/Uncoupling
– Basic Control & Handling
– Basic Manuevers
– Turning, Steering, Tracking
– Proficiency Development
3b
Training Outline (cont’d)
3. Safe Operating Practices– Interacting with Traffic
– Speed and Space Management
– Night Operations
– Extreme Driving Conditions
– Security Issues
– Proficiency Development
3c
Training Outline (cont’d)
4. Advanced Operations
– Hazard Perception
– Hazardous Situations
– Maintenance and Troubleshooting
3d
Training Outline (cont’d)
5. Non-Driving Activities
– Routes and Trip Planning
– Cargo and Weight Considerations
3e
LCVs in Trucking
Advantages: Productivity
Cost
Traffic
Air Emissions
4a
LCVs in Trucking
Disadvantages: Safety
Pavement Damage
Infrastructure Damage
Parking
4b
The Driver’s Role
Inspections
Weight Distribution
Safe Operation and Delivery
Qualifications
4c
Code of Federal Regulations
Title 49 = Transportation Ch. III = FMCSA
Subch. B = FMCSRs Parts 350-399
Title 23 = Highways Ch. I = Federal Highway Administration
Part 658 = Length, Width, and Weight Limits §658.23 & Appendix C = LCV Limits
5a
Code of Federal Regulations
Title 49 = Transportation Ch. V = NHTSA
Part 571 = Safety Standards
Ch. I = PHMSASubch. C = Hazardous Materials Regulations
5b
State & Local Regulations
States set size & weight limits
Local Laws
Ignorance of the law is no excuse!
5c
Driver Qualifications
Are you qualified to drive? Federal rules (49 CFR)
– Part 380: LCV and Entry-Level Training
– Part 382: Drug/Alcohol Testing
– Part 383: CDL (and LCV endorsement)
– Part 391: Qualifications
6a
Medical Exams
§§391.41 - 391.45
Qualified, licensed medical examiner
Every 2 years
Carry your medical card, and keep it current!
6b
Medical Exams
Limb loss or impairment
Insulin use Cardiovascular
disease Respiratory
dysfunction Blood pressure
6c
Muscular, joint, or vascular disease
Epilepsy Psychiatric
disorders Vision Hearing Drug use / alcohol
abuse
Medical Exams
State qualification rules:
Intrastate operations only
Additional exemptions
Waivers
Check with the state for details.
6d
Drug & Alcohol Testing
Drug & Alcohol Testing – Part 382 CDL drivers only Tests required:
– Pre-employment– Random (50% drug, 10% alcohol)– Reasonable suspicion– Post-accident– Return-to-duty & follow-up
6e
Drug & Alcohol Testing
Test failure, refusal, or tampering =
Immediate removal from driving
Referral to SAP
Evaluation and treatment
Return-to-duty & follow-up testing
6f
Refusal
Fail to appear for any test Fail to remain at testing site Fail to provide urine specimen Fail to allow observation Fail to provide sufficient amount Fail or decline second test Fail to cooperate Medical Review Officer (MRO) reports
adulterated or substituted test result
6g
Driver Qualifications
A healthy driver is a safe driver!
Diet & Tobacco Use
Exercise
Alcohol & Drug Use/Abuse
Fatigue
6h
Diet
6i
Exercise
Reduces stress
Helps you sleep
Reduces injuries
Improves immunity
Lowers heart attack risk
Lowers body fat, cholesterol, BP
6j
Alcohol & Drugs
Drug/alcohol testing
Addiction & alcoholism
Affects health
Affects family
Affects employer
Affects other drivers
6k
Driver Qualifications
What about prescriptions?
“…pursuant to the instructions of a licensed medical practitioner … whohas advised the driver that the substance will not adversely affect the driver's ability to safely operate a commercial motor vehicle.”
6l
Fatigue
Stimulants are no substitute
Sleep can’t be banked, but you can go into debt
Take a break every 3 hours
7-8 hours sleep
6m
Fighting Fatigue
Get more sleep! Stay healthy Eat leaner food Check your prescriptions – is
fatigue a side effect? Do you have a treatable sleep
disorder?
6n
Vehicle Configurations
7a
Vehicle Configurations
7b
7c
Basic Operation
Coupling/Uncoupling
Basic Control & Handling
Basic Maneuvers
Turning, Steering, Tracking
Proficiency Development
8a
Safe Operating Practices
Interacting with Traffic
Speed and Space Management
Night Operations
Extreme Driving Conditions
Security Issues
Proficiency Development
9a
Advanced Operations
Hazard Perception
Hazardous Situations
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
10a
Route & Trip Planning
The art of getting from point A to point B safely, legally, and on time before you get behind the wheel.
Confirm states you will be operating in, highways traveled, and any special permits required prior to leaving!
11a
Route & Trip Planning
Size limitations Appendix C of Part 658
Weight limitations Federal bridge formula State formulas Appendix C of Part 658
11b
Route & Trip Planning
Factors to consider: Hours needed Total miles Time of day City vs. highway driving Hours-of-service regulations LCV restrictions Weather conditions
11c
Route & Trip Planning
Permits Vehicle registration (IRP) Operating authority Fuel/mileage tax (IFTA) Oversize/overweight
Contact state for permit requirements!
11d
Route & Trip Planning
Local access & reasonable access rule
49 CFR §658.19
Staging areas and access zones
11e
Cargo & Weight
Cargo documentation Proper Bill of Lading
for all cargo
Loading considerations
12a
Cargo & Weight
Cargo securement
49 CFR Part 393, Subpart I
Prevent movement in every direction
Unloading cargo
12b
Cargo & Weight
Weight distribution, load sequencing, trailer placement
Axle weight distribution
Placement on trailer
Effects on handling
12c