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Presentation for uWaterloo IT staff on linked open data and libraries
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Linked Open Data and Libraries
IST Friday Morning Seminar uWaterloo, Dec. 13, 2013
Alison Hitchens Cataloguing & Metadata Librarian
Agenda
• Explanation of linked (open) data
• Possibilities for linked open data and libraries, with example projects
• Current state of linked open data in libraries and archives
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LINKED (OPEN) DATA
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Defining Linked Data
• describes a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful. It builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP, RDF and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers.” (emphasis added)
From Wikipedia linked data page
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The Web of Documents
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Atwood 5 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
Documents linked to Documents
<p><b>Margaret Eleanor Atwood</b> ... (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, and environmental activist. She is a winner of the <a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Arthur C. Clarke Award</a> and Prince of Asturias Award for Literature, has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize... Many of her poems have been inspired by myths and fairy tales, which have been interests of hers from an early age</p>
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The Web of Things & Structured Data
http://dbpedia.org/page/Margaret_Atwood
7 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
Statements about things
Margaret Atwood is a person
Margaret Atwood was born in Ottawa
Margaret Atwood writes speculative fiction
Margaret Atwood influenced Barbara Kingsolver
Margaret Atwood has homepage http://www.margaretatwood.ca/
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Resource Description Framework (RDF) Triples
Subject Object Predicate
Is a (has type)
Margaret Atwood
Person
Was born in Margaret Atwood
Ottawa
9 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
From Tables to Graphs
Subject Is a
Margaret Atwood
Person Was born in
Ottawa
1939-11-18
Was born
Record ID CP001
Name Margaret Atwood
Type Person
Place of Birth Ottawa
Date of Birth 1939-11-18
Homepage http://www.margaretatwood.ca/
http://www.margaretatwood.ca/
Has homepage
10 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
Joining Graphs
Subject
Capitol of
Margaret Atwood
Person Was born in
Ottawa
1939-11-18
Was born
Ottawa
Canada
883,391
Bruce Cockburn
Is a
Has population
Birthplace of
11 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
Use URIs
Subject
http://dbpedia.org/page/Margaret_Atwood
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/birthPlace
http://dbpedia.org/page/Ottawa
1939-11-18
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/birthDate
12 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
sameAs: Join Different Datasets
Ottawa in dbPedia = http://dbpedia.org/page/Ottawa
Ottawa in Freebase: http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.05ksh
Ottawa in Geonames: http://sws.geonames.org/6094817/
owl:sameAs
owl:sameAs
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Serialization of RDF – XML, Turtle, etc.
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:skos="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#"
xmlns:nyt="http://data.nytimes.com/elements/” xmlns:owl="http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#" >
<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://data.nytimes.com/N10507958644473712303"> <nyt:associated_article_count rdf:datatype="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#int">11</nyt:associated_article_count>
<skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Atwood, Margaret</skos:prefLabel>
<rdf:type rdf:resource="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#Concept"/> ...
<owl:sameAs rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.org/resource/Margaret_Atwood"/>
<nyt:topicPage rdf:resource="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/a/margaret_atwood/index.html"/>
From New York Times linked data page for Margaret Atwood (abridged): http://data.nytimes.com/N10507958644473712303 ; http://data.nytimes.com/N10507958644473712303.rdf 14 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
On Ontologies
From FOAF Vocabulary Specification 0.98 http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/ 15 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
Using Linked Data
• Create applications to mash-up data from multiple sources
• Make use of embedded data in html
• Use SPARQL query language for RDF
Image of Google Knowledge Graph results for Margaret Atwood 16 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
LINKED OPEN DATA AND LIBRARIES
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Sharing Library Data
• Libraries have trustworthy data
• Libraries have many vocabularies and classifications
• Libraries have unique collections
• Libraries have holdings data
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Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)
VIAF: http://viaf.org/viaf/98029748/ Dbpedia: http://dbpedia.org/page/Nelson_Mandela 19 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
Library of Congress Vocabularies (http://id.loc.gov/)
20 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
Libraries have unique collections
Source: Pan-Canadian Documentary Heritage Network Linked Open Data Visualizaton “Proof-of-Concept” Out of the trenches: linked open data of the first world war: final report. Image from p. 11 http://www.canadiana.ca/sites/pub.canadiana.ca/files/PCDHN%20Proof-of-concept_Final-Report-ENG_0.pdf
21 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
OCLC WorldCat Records as LOD
http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10277993; can add .rdf, .ttl etc. E.g. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10277993.ttl 22 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
Libraries have holdings data
Available at libraries near you: Waterloo Public Library Kitchener Public Library University of Waterloo
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Libraries can consume data
• Provide contextual information in our catalogues
• Help users make connections
• Lead users to external information sources
• Connect across silos
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Augment our catalogues
Austrian Library Network’s instance of Primo http://search.obvsg.at/primo_library/libweb/action/search.do?menuitem=0&fromTop=true&fromPreferences=false&fromEshelf=false&vid=ACC
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Linked Jazz
http://linkedjazz.org/network/; video about Linked Jazz http://vimeo.com/68308675 26 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
CURRENT STATE OF LOD IN LIBRARIES AND ARCHIVES
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Where are we now?
• Releasing data
• Developing new data frameworks (BIBFRAME) and conversion tools (XC)
• Developing use cases
• Prototypes and proofs of concept
• A lot of learning!
28 Hitchens - LOD & Libraries - Dec. 2013
The 5 Stars of LOD
http://inkdroid.org/journal/2010/06/04/the-5-stars-of-open-linked-data/ Tim Berners-Lee quoted by Ed Summers
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Resources
Tim Berners-Lee (2009) Design Issues. Linked Data http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
Tim Berners-Lee (2009) The next web. A TED talk, February 2009. access at http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web.html (open access)
Karen Coyle (2012). “Is linked data the answer?” Coyle’s Information Thurs. Oct. 18, 2012. http://kcoyle.blogspot.ca/2012/10/is-linked-data-answer.html (open access)
Karen Coyle. Understanding the semantic web: bibliographic data and metadata. Chicago: American Library Association, 2010 (Library Technology reports ; v. 46, no. 1) access at http://www.metapress.com.proxy.lib.uwaterloo.ca/content/g212v1783607/ (uWaterloo has subscription)
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Resources
Corey Harper (2013). Linked Data: a Library, Archive & Museum Perspective: LLD, LOD-LAM and Linking Scholarship. Presented at Linked Ancient World Data Institute, May 31, 2013. http://www.slideshare.net/charper/charperlawdi20130531 (open access)
Corey Harper (2011). Library linked data: tuning library metadata for the semantic web. An ALCTS webcast, March 16. 2011. access at http://www.ala.org/alcts/confevents/upcoming/webinar/cat/031611 (open access)
Tom Heath and Christian Bizer (2011) Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space (1st edition). Synthesis Lectures on the Semantic Web: Theory and Technology, 1:1, 1-136. Morgan & Claypool. http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/ (open access)
Lukas Koster (2013). “The Poor Person’s Linked Open Data Workbench: Using Discovery Tools for Presenting Integrated Information” in Commonplace.net Nov. 11, 2013 http://commonplace.net/2013/11/the-poor-persons-linked-open-data-workbench/ (open access)
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Resources
Linked Data: Connect Distributed Data Across the Web http://linkeddata.org/ (open access) (includes the LOD Cloud diagram)
LinkedDataTools.com (2009) Introducing Linked Data and the Semantic Web http://www.linkeddatatools.com/semantic-web-basics (open access)
OCLC (2013). Linked Data at OCLC http://www.oclc.org/data.en.html (open access)
David Rogers (2013) Introducing the BBC’s Linked Data Platform and APIs. Recorded at Qcon London, April 29, 2013. http://www.infoq.com/presentations/bbc-data-platform-api (open access)
Richard Wallis (2013). Linked Data Progress with OCLC and Others. At OCLC Linked Data Round Table, IFLA Conference, Aug. 19, 2013, Singapore. http://www.slideshare.net/rjw/linked-data-progress-ifla-2013 (open access)
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