Lecture1 Social Web 2017

Social Web2017

Lecture 1: Introduction to Social Web

Davide Ceolin (credits to: Lora Aroyo)The Network Institute

VU University Amsterdam

Course Organization

Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_book_-_Timeless_Books.jpg

Goals of the course Understand & Try how the Social Web works

What IS the Social Web & Social Computing? What people DO on the Social Web? How is DATA on the Social Web ACCESSED? How is Social Web DATA used for STUDIES? How to make the Social Web PERSONALIZED? What are typical Social Web APPLICATIONS? What are Social Web research CHALLENGES?

Social Web 2017, Davide Ceolin

You will learn about Data formats Social Web platforms Privacy, Information Quality, Fact

checking Data mining, analysis, visualization

& reuse across applications User-generated content Personalization in Social Web apps Interdisciplinary research Critical thinking


Format of the course Lots of WORK, and lots of FUN Lots of interaction• post a question or a discussion point by Friday10:00• vote on questions by Friday 17:00• discuss on selected topics during lectures on

Monday• group work during hands-on sessions• presentations of final assignments

Use name or VUNetID to identify yourself in website postings


How does it work

Before the Lectures: do the required reading & assignments

Assignments & Hands-on: done in groups State who did what in the “Acknowledgements” section Use document template: ACM SIG proceedings style; PDF

only Name of the file: [group#]_[handson#];

[group#]_[assignment#] Title page of your docs: include names of all group

members & group#


Schedule Interactive Lectures: Mondays 11:00-12:45

assignments & hands-on introduced during lecture

Hands-on Sessions: Thursdays 11:00-12:45 practical exercises & work on assignments

Intermediate deadlines + Final Presentations


Schedule


Schedule


Portfolio•1 chapter per lecture 1-6 (in group):

•Between 2 and 4 pages ACM double column.•Deepen one aspect of the lecture (see chapter

material).•Give context and introduction.•Curate language, references, English form.

•1 chapter on one aspect of the group project (individual).


Portfolio•Treat it as a coherent document

(not ‘just’ a collection of articles).•Table of Contents•References among chapters•Conclusion


Group Project•Choose an interesting open SW problem

(need an hint? Look at slides of week 7)•Develop a (working!) concept that

addresses the problem:•A Web application.•A SW (Facebook, Twitter, etc.) app.•A data analysis (and related report) .


Deadlines•Saturday, February 25th : Submit

Portfolio (first 3 chapters)•Thursday, March 2nd : Pitch group

project•Thursday, March 23rd : Present/demo

group project•S, April 6th: Submit complete portfolio


Grading Portfolio (60%)

First Three Chapters (25%) Last three Chapters (25%) Individual Chapter (15%)

Project (15%) Presentation + Pitch (10%) Questions/Discussion (10%)


Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo

Why Social Web?

“digital technologyis changing both how words and ideas are created and proliferate, and how they are

studied.”


social media is a rich resource that

provides “a fuller picture of today’s cultural norms,

dialogue, trends and events to inform scholarship, the legislative process, new works of authorship, education and other purposes.”


The Onlife Manifesto“The ever-increasing pervasiveness of ICTs shakes

established reference frameworks through the following transformations:i.the blurring of the distinction between reality and virtuality;ii.the blurring of the distinctions between human, machine and nature;iii.the reversal from information scarcity to information abundance; andiv.the shift from the primacy of entities to the primacy of interactions.” [Floridi et al., 2015]


How much content is consumed & created

every second?

Social Web 20167 Davide Ceolin

http://wearesocial.sg/blog/2017/01/digital-2017/

The Rise of Users & Content


http://wearesocial.sg/blog/2017/01/digital-2017



http://wearesocial.sg/blog/2017/01/digital-2017



What do those numbers mean?

Image source: http://clareactman22.blogspot.com/2010/06/meaning-of-life.html


Our goal is to ...understand the practices, implications, culture, &

meaning of the sites, as well as users' engagement with them

include this understanding as part of software engineering for the new social world


How did it all start?


1969 - WWW

http://www.creativeramblings.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/style1-1000px-rec7-MILLION.jpg


1994 – Last.fm



2003 - Twitter



2007 – Google+



Highlights

http://www.booksaresocial.com/social-media-timeline/#lightbox/0/Social Web 2017, Davide Ceolin

The Big Ones


2001: Wikipedia

2000: Nupedia - articles written by experts licensed as free contentfounded by Jimmy Wales with Larry Sanger (editor-in-chief)

2001: Wikipedia - a side-project of Nupedia, to allow collaboration on articles prior to entering the peer-review process

Articles: 19,700 (2002), 3,835,000 (2012), 5,069,456 (2016)


Community-based Systems

Participation vs. lurkingSocial capitalSocial networkingTrust & reputationPrivacy & presence

Peter Brusilovsky, Social Web Course, University of Pittsburgh


2004: Facebookdistinct college networks only (Harvard-only SNS)


2005: Facebookincluding other universities, high school students, professionals inside corporate networks, and eventually - everyone

ability for outside developers to build "Applications"


2007: Facebook APIPlatform that consists of a Facebook variant of HTML = Facebook Markup Language (FBML)a Facebook variant of SQL = FQL (Facebook Query Language)

not based on open standardssites support: Bebo & Meebo


2010: Facebook

Open GraphSocial Web 2017, Davide Ceolin

2012: Facebook Goes Public

"We cannot assure you that we will effectively manage our growth."

"... it hopes to raise $5 billion in its IPO. That would be the most for an Internet IPO since Google Inc. and its early backers raised $1.9 billion in 2004."

“ ... eight years after its computer-hacking CEO Mark Zuckerberg started the service at Harvard University."


2013: Facebook Graph Search


Jack Dorsey launches Twitter in July 2006 and by 2012 it has:

• 500 million users• 340 million tweets daily • 1.6 billion search queries

daily• is in the10th most visited

websites• becomes the "the SMS of

the Internet"

http://blog.alivenow.in/2011/10/infographic-140-characters-journey.html/

http://blog.alivenow.in/2011/10/infographic-140-characters-journey.html/


Library of Congress archive of public Twitter messages reached 170 billion tweets and rising, by about 500 million tweets a day

9000 tweets/sec during MTV Video Music Awards

(Beyonce pregnant);

7200 tweets/sec before the end of WC for women’s

football (Japan beats US)

In 2011

In 2012

8000 tweets/sec during Madonna’s performance

In 2014


• launched June 28, 2011: since then 500 million users (2012), 235 million active (monthly)

• "social layer”: not just a single site, but an overarching "layer”

• Data Liberation policy



https://leveragenewagemedia.com/blog/category/social-media/

Comparison

Instant Messaging Sites•Inherit functionalities from the first

Web communication tools•For example: Whatsapp and Snapchat•Increasingly integrate social

functionalities•Growing number of users (some have

more users than SNS)


• interdisciplinary study• social structure where technology puts power in

communities (not institutions)• internet provides a good platform for emerging social

structures• manifestos of social computing, e.g. social networks,

blogs, podcasting, tagging, meet-ups, mash-ups, social search, user-generated-content, wikis, P2P content distribution, RSS, open source software, etc.*

* Forrester Research (2008), http:// wwwforrester.com/ResearchThemes/SocialComputing

Social Computing


“Tenets of Social Computing”*

• innovation will shift from top-down to bottom-up

• value will shift from ownership to experience

• power will shift from institutions to communities

* Charlene Li (2006), http://www.socialcustomer.com/2006/02/the_forrester_s.html


New Means of Communication

• beyond email, text messaging & mobile phone

• asynchronous (not requiring real-time response)

• a lot of communication seems irrelevant & trivial

• some can be helpful & interesting• celebrities & organizations use it

to communicate with their fan bases & audience

• many people (especially the teenagers) addicted to this new mode of communication


New Form of Communities

• Social Web sites are in essence online communities• Groups around a number of natural attributes of

the members, e.g. schools attended, employers, cities of residence.

• Groups around any type of interest, hobby, or cause, where people can help one another with information, advice, and personal networks

e.g. the role of communities in the Arab Spring, unrests in Turkey, Ukraine, Russia Olympics, Occupy Wall Street, etc.


New Form of Collaboration

• The Social Web enables innovative types of collaboration• E.g., Github for

collaborative coding

• Overleaf, Authorea and Sharelatex for collaborative writing


New Source of Knowledge

• beyond what search engines can dig into• people can dig into their network of connections to find

answers to questions• folklore knowledge

• friends-based news updates

• friends-based serendipity

• ‘‘worldwide directories’’ of people and concepts

• “new” interesting problemse.g., fake news


New Source of Entertainment

• Most people need to entertain themselves to enjoy life, to recharge themselves, and to pass the time

• That’s why people have accounts on several social Web sites, and visit them rather diligently and regularly

• People got catapulted to worldwide fame after they appeared on YouTube


New Venue for Self-expression

• a surprisingly large number of people have had a strong desire for self-expression and desire for self-satisfaction that comes from helping others

• a major reason for the Wikipedia success, where more than 10 mil articles have been contributed by thousands of volunteers without financial incentives

• the personal posting many people do appears to help them to derive a sense of ‘self-assurance and belonging’


New Economic Models

• “Sharing economy (also known as shareconomy or collaborative consumption) refers to peer-to-peer-based sharing of access to goods and services (coordinated through community-based online services).” [Hamari et al. 2015]

• Uber, and much more.http://www.web-strategist.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/

Honeycomb.jpgSocial Web 2017, Davide Ceolin

Social web sites =

social networking sites +

social media sitesSocial Web 2017, Davide Ceolin

Social Sites Categories

Social networking sites (open vs. closed)• General-purpose, e.g. Facebook,

Twitter• Vertical, e.g. Dogster, Couchsurfing

Social media sites (open vs. closed)• Media types, e.g. Flickr (photos),

Last.FM (music), YouTube (video)* Won Kim, Ok-Ran Jeong, Sang-Won Lee (2010). On social Web sites. Information Systems 35, 215–236


Diversity in Cultures• MySpace: US & abroad• Friendster: Pacific

Islands• Orkut: Brazil, India• Mixi: Japan• LunarStorm: Sweden• Hyves: NL • Grono: Poland

• Hi5: South America, Europe• Bebo: UK, New Zealand,

Australia• QQ: China• Cyworld: Korea• Skyrock: France• Windows Live Spaces:

Mexico, Italy, and Spain


Country diversity


Diversity in Activities• aSmallWorld & BeautifulPeople: restricted access - appear

selective & elite• Couchsurfing: activity-centered• BlackPlanet: identity-driven• MyChurch: affiliation-focused• Usenet & public discussion forums: structured by topics

• SNS are structured as personal networks• "egocentric”: individual at the center of their own

community• mirror unmediated social structures


SNS: Features• Personal profiles• Establishing online

connections• Participating in online

groups• Communicating with

online connections• Sharing user generated

content• Expressing opinions• Finding information• Retaining users


Expressing Opinions• Allowing members to leave comments on the content, voting by

ranking (3 out of 5 stars), or marking as ‘‘favorite,’’ flagging as spam/inappropriate

• Sites use different ways to present and organize those comments (hierarchical, timestamping, counting, etc.)

• For example, Digg has two buttons, ‘digg it’ &‘bury’

• Similarly, YouTube has ‘like’ and ‘dislike’

• What about Facebook?

• Clarify th “target” of the opinion. [Glass & Farmer, 2010]



Reflections ...• Twitter profile vs. Facebook profile?• Find friends on different networks?• How does LinkedIn facilitate the forming & joining of groups? FB?

Google+? Others?• Pros & cons of (a)symmetry of friendship?• Twitter vs. Facebook vs. Flickr differences in terms facilitating

communication?• How often do you experience problems of duplication of content

shared across different sites?• FB vs Google+ actions for retaining users?


understand the practices, implications, culture & meaning of the sites, as well as users' engagement with them

learn how to use this knowledge in designing successful social web applications

Where do YOU come in


Hands-on Teaser• first (basic) taste of social web data analysis:

http://bit.ly/SocWeb_Ex1 • some Python & command line experience• Twitter data• check out Getting Started Guide on course website

https://thesocialweb2017.wordpress.com/hands-on-materials/• check out the exercises in the book:

Mining the Social Web (Second Edition), by Matthew A. Russell


Education

Lecture1 Social Web 2017