Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
19/01/2015 1
FN0449Corporate Social Responsibility
for Multinationals
Aims of the Module
1. To introduce corporate social responsibility within an international business context
2. To investigate the conduct of multi-national organisations within this context
3. To critically examine accountability, transparency and CSR artefacts
4. To critically examine ethical issues facing organisations
Your Tutors….
Dr. Kirsty Abrahams
CCE1 340
0191 227 4389
Your Tutors….
Dr. Alex Hope Senior Lecturer in Business Ethics
CCE1 248
0191 227 3039
@DrSustainable
www.drsustainable.com
Click to edit Master title style
Click to edit Master subtitle style
19/01/2015 5
FN0449 Lecture 1:Global Environmental Issues
ContentWhat are the key social, economic and environmental issues facing society?
Global Inequality and
Energy Security
Climate Change
Resource Depletion and
Biodiversity Loss
What is it Climate Change?
How do we know its happening?
NASA – Six Decades of a Warming Earth – Available at: http://youtu.be/gaJJtS_WDmI
Why is it happening?
Illustration courtesy NASA Earth Science Enterprise.
Is this our fault?
“Human influence on the climate system is clear, and recent anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases
are the highest in history. Recent climate changes have had widespread impacts on human and natural
systems. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and since the 1950s, many of the observed
changes are unprecedented over decades to millennia…” IPCC 5th Assessment Report 2014
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
the number of lead authors who worked on the full report.
the number of contributing authors to the full report.
the number of expert reviewers of the full report.
the number of scientific publications cited in the full report.
the number of comments made on the full report by the group of expert reviewers.
the consensus amongst climate experts and in the literature that humans are
causing global warming. The scientific evidence on this question is overwhelming.
OK. So what?
Source: Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change 2006
What can we do about it?
Mitigation
• Energy Efficiency measures• Low carbon energy supply• Change of agriculture and forestry
practices• Changes in consumer behavior• Changes in resource use
• Geo-engineering
Adaptation
• Improve resilience of social and material infrastructure
• Improve water resource management
• Invest in agriculture, forestry and fisheries
• Estimate and prepare for future disease burdens
• Manage existing environmental threats
Policy options on Climate Change
Global Inequality and Energy Security
Global Inequality and Energy Security
Over 1 billion people live on less
than $1.25 a day
Over 3 billion people live on less
than $2.50 a day
1 billion children live in poverty
(1 in 2 children in the world)
640 million live without adequate
shelter
400 million have no access to
safe water
Global Inequality and Energy SecurityThe Human Development Index
"Human Development Report 2014 – "Sustaining Human Progress: Reducing Vulnerabilities and Building Resilience"". HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 25 July 2014.
Global Inequality and Energy Security
• Poverty is one of the primary causes of environmental destruction
• Poor people cannot in their present state practice sustainable development
• If much of the environmental problem is poverty, then eliminating poverty
becomes key to saving the environment.
Global Inequality and Energy Security
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity Loss
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity LossHow do we know its happening?
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity LossWhy is it happening?
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity LossWhat are the implications?
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity LossWhat are the implications?
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity LossWhat are the implications?
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity LossWhat can we do about it?
• Protecting Areas
• Preventing Species
Introductions
• Informing/Educating
• Climate Change
Mitigation
• Sustainable
Development
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity Loss
Finite Resources
Population Growth
Growing Middle Class
=
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity Loss
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity Loss
Resource Depletion and Biodiversity Loss
About 200 years ago, each human had the
equivalent of 24 football fields of land and
freshwater resources. Today, each human has
three fields and in 40 years it will be less than two
On current trends, over the next 20 years
humans will use 40% more water than they do
now
Forty-four million people were driven into poverty
by rising food prices in the second half of 2010
It takes 2,400 litres of water to produce a hamburger and
11,000 litres to make a pair of jeans
Sources: McKinsey, Homo Sapiens Foundation, World Health Organisation, Protected Water Fund
It took 130,000 years for the earth's population to
reach 800 million in about 1780. Currently, almost
800 million are added every 10 years
Global Inequality and Energy Security
Reliance on foreign sources of
energy
Energy demand from advancing
developing countries
Environmental issues, in particular
climate change
Energy insecurity risks fueling
conflict
Global Inequality and Energy Security
Global Inequality and Energy Security
Geo-political issues
Global Inequality and Energy Security
The world’s top ten oil reserves holders (2012)
Venezuela18%
Saudi Arabia16%
Canada11%Iran
9%
Iraq9%
Kuwait6%
United Arab Emirates
6%
Russia5%
Libya3%
Nigeria2% Rest of
the world15%
Global Inequality and Energy Security
Solutions?
Resource diversification
Supply Chain Optimization
Efficiency Improvements
Changes in consumer behavior
Demand reduction
ConclusionWhat are the key social, economic and environmental issues facing society?
Global Inequality and
Energy Security
Climate Change
Resource Depletion and
Biodiversity Loss
Take away TASK!
What does all this mean for businesses?....
References• Barrow, C.J. (2006) Environmental Management for Sustainable Development 2nd
ed. Oxon: Routledge
• Brundtland, G.H., (1987) Our Common Future: The World Commission on Environment and Development, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Colantonio, A., (2007) Social Sustainability: An Exploratory Analysis of its Definition, Assessment methods, Metrics and Tools, 2007/01: EIBURS Working Paper Series, European Investment Bank. Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development, Oxford Brooks University.
• Desai, P (2010) ‘One Planet Communities: A real-life guide to sustainable living’, Wiley: Chichester.
• Goodland, R., Herman, D. (1996) ‘Environmental Sustainability: Universal and Non-Negotiable’, Ecological Applications 6 pp. 1002-1017.
• IISD (2011) What is Sustainable Development?, International Institute for Sustainable Development. Available at: www.iisd.org/sd/
References• Khalili, N.R. (2011) Practical Sustainability: From Grounded Theory to Emerging
Strategies. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Nunan et al (2002) ‘Poverty and the Environment: Measuring the Links’ Department for International Development. Environment Policy Department Issue Paper No.2. Available at: http://www.unep.org/civil_society/GCSF8/pdfs/pov_env_measuringlinks.pdf
• Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (Eds.) (2007) Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/contents.html
• TEEB (2009) The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for National and International Policy Makers – Summary: Responding to the Value of Nature 2009. Available at: http://www.teebweb.org/ForPolicymakers/tabid/1019/Default.aspx
• Winstone, R., Bolton, P. & Gore, D. (2007) Energy Security. House of Commons Library Research Paper 07/42. Available at: www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2007/rp07-042.pdf
