Developing Business

Information Technology

SolutionPresented by:Dr. Akhlas AhmedPreston UniversityLecture # 08

Objectives… Use the systems development process

outlined and the model of IS components as problem-solving frameworks to help you propose information systems solutions to simple business problems.

Describe and give examples to illustrate how you might use each of the steps of the information system development cycle to develop and implement an e-business system.

Objectives… Explain how prototyping improves the process of

systems development for end users and IS specialists.

Identify the activities involved in the implementation of new information systems.

Describe several evaluation factors that should be considered in evaluating the acquisition of hardware, software, and IS services.

Identify several change management solutions for end user resistance to the implementation of new e-business applications.

Systems Approach to Problem Solving

Designthe

Solution

Designthe

Solution

Definethe

Problem

Definethe

Problem

DevelopAlternativeSolutions

DevelopAlternativeSolutions

Selectthe

Solution

Selectthe

Solution

Implementthe

Solution

Implementthe

Solution

Mon

itor a

nd E

valu

ate

Resu

lts

Traditional Systems Development Life Cycle

Systems ImplementationProduct:

Operational System

Systems ImplementationProduct:

Operational System

Systems InvestigationProduct:

Feasibility Study

Systems InvestigationProduct:

Feasibility Study

Systems AnalysisProduct:

Functional Requirements

Systems AnalysisProduct:

Functional Requirements

Systems DesignProduct:

System Specifications

Systems DesignProduct:

System Specifications

Systems MaintenanceProduct:

Improved System

Systems MaintenanceProduct:

Improved System

Understand theBusinessProblem orOpportunity

Develop anInformationSystemSolution

Implementthe InformationSystemSolution

Prototyping Process

Use and Maintainthe Accepted

System

Use and Maintainthe Accepted

System

Identify an EndUser's Information

Requirements

Identify an EndUser's Information

Requirements

DevelopInformation System

Prototypes

DevelopInformation System

Prototypes

Revise the Prototypesto Better Meet EndUser Requirements

Revise the Prototypesto Better Meet EndUser Requirements

PrototypingCycle

MaintenanceCycle

Systems Investigation

OrganizationalFeasibility

Is it a good fit?

OperationalFeasibility

Will it be accepted?

EconomicFeasibility

Can we afford it?

TechnicalFeasibilityDoes the

capability exist?

Systems Analysis

KeyAreas ofSystemsAnalysis

OrganizationalOrganizational

FunctionalRequirements

FunctionalRequirements

PresentSystemPresentSystem

Systems Design

Screen, Form, Reportand Dialog Design

Data ElementStructure Design

Program andProcedure Design

UserInterfaceDesign

UserInterfaceDesign

DataDesignData

DesignProcessDesign

ProcessDesign

End User DevelopmentControls

What controls are needed?

ControlsWhat controls are needed?

InputWhat data is required?

InputWhat data is required?

ProcessingWhat operations

on the input is required?

ProcessingWhat operations

on the input is required?

OutputWhat information

is needed?

OutputWhat information

is needed?

StorageWill the

application need to store data?

StorageWill the

application need to store data?

The Implementation Process

ConversionConversionSystemDocu-

mentation

SystemDocu-

mentation

End UserTraining

End UserTraining

Developmentand

Modification

Developmentand

ModificationAcquisitionAcquisition

ImplementationActivities

ImplementationActivities

SystemTestingSystemTesting

Evaluating Hardware and Software

Hardware Evaluation Factors

• Performance• Cost• Reliability• Compatibility• Technology• Ergonomics• Connectivity• Scalability• Software• Support

Software Evaluation Factors

• Quality• Efficiency• Flexibility• Security• Connectivity• Language• Documentation• Hardware• Efficiency

Evaluating IS ServicesIS Evaluation Factors• Performance• Systems Development• Maintenance• Conversion• Training• Backup• Accessibility• Business Position• Hardware• Software

Implementing New SystemsImplementation Activities

• Acquisition• Software Development• Training• Testing• Documentation• Conversion

Installation Conversion Methods

Old SystemOld System New SystemNew System

Old SystemOld System

New SystemNew System

Old SystemOld System

Old SystemOld System New System

New System

Parallel

Pilot

Phased

Plunge

Managing Organizational Change

ChangeManagement

Measurementand

Rewards

OrganizationalDesign

CoreCompetenciesDevelopment

OrganizationMissionand Role

Summary…• Business professionals and IS specialists

use a systems approach to help them develop information system solutions to meet e-business needs.

• Prototyping is a major alternative methodology to the traditional information system development cycle. It includes the use of prototyping tools and methodologies, which promote an iterative, interactive process.

Summary… (cont.)• The application development capabilities built

into many end user software packages have made it easier for end users to develop their own e-business applications.

• The implementation process for IS projects involves acquisition, testing, documentation, training, installation, and conversion.

• Business professionals should know how to evaluate IT products for acquisition. IT vendor proposals should be based on specifications developed during the design phase.

Summary:• Implementation activities include

managing the introduction and implementation of changes in the business processes, organizational structures, job assignments, and work relationships resulting from e-business initiatives.

Thanks