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lecture for nursing student
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Triage• French word
meaning “to sort
What is Triage?• The process of assessing patients
to determine management priorities
Question #
• In a Bus accident involving injuries of different types to people of different ages , who shall you save first ?
• a. 70 year old man with arm fracture • b. 2 year old boy with wound on his right
foot • c. pregnant women with knee injury • d. 18 yr old lady with throat and nose
bleeding
In the principles of Assessment which of the client should be the first to be attended to ?
a.13 year old boy with right arm fracture
b.4 months pregnant bleeding women 2
c. A stroke patient grasping for air
d. An adult with 2nd degree burns of his left leg and thigh
Triage in Emergency and Disaster
Question
Which of the following words is not associated
with Triage ?
• a. Process c. Assess• b. Sort d. Prioritize
Sort the Injured Patient
Why is there a need to sort patients?
Question• Why do we have to do Triage ?• a. To increase the number of survivor in an accident
• b. To maximize use of insufficient medical resources
• c. To apply systematic approach during Emergency
• d. All of the above
Why sort or classify patients?
• For insufficient medical resources to be available to all who need help.
Types of Triage
Question
• What are the two types of Triage ?
What are the classes of patients in emergency?
Question #
• What are the two classes of patient in emergency ?
Levels of Triage System
LEVEL Color Coding
1. Immediate Red
2. Delayed Yellow
3. Minimal Green
4. Expectant Black
CATEGORY MEANING OUTCOME
1. Immediate Acute danger for life.
Life threatening injuries. Requires immediate medical attention and will not survive if not seen soon.
Examples
1. Tension pneumothorax
2. Massive Hemorrhage (Shock)3. Cardiac tamponade4. Major traumatic amputation
In the 4-level triage system
Life threatening injuriesImmediate medical attention and will not
survive if not seen soon
Minor injury or no injury.
“Walking wounded”.
Question
• In an Immediate category Triage System which of the following is not involved ?\
• a. “Can Wait “• b. Patient will not survive if not seen soon. • c. Red color code • d. None of the above
CATEGORY MEANING OUTCOME
2. Delayed Severe injury. life-threatening, but can wait until the Immediate casualties are stabilized and evacuated. Constant observation
Examples
• Pulmonary contusion• Flail chest with hypoxia• Minor amputations• Flesh wounds• Fractures and dislocations
Question
• In a Delayed category Triage System which of the following is not involved ?
• a. Injuries “Can Wait “• b. Survival is possible • c. Red color code • d. None of the above
CATEGORY MEANING OUTCOME
3. Minimal Minor injury or no injury.
“Walking wounded”.
Treatment when practical, transport and/or dischargeRequires medical attention when all higher priority patients have been evacuated.
Examples
• Minor lacerations• Sprains• Abrasions• Non-displaced, minimally angulated closed
fractures of the digit
• “Walking Injured”
Question
• In a Minimal category Triage System which of the following is not involved ?
• a. Injuries “Can Wait “• b. Minor injury or no injury.• c. Black color code • d. Walking wounded
CATEGORY MEANING OUTCOME
4. Expectant No or small chance of survival; no spontaneous breathing after clearing of airway; or dead
Expected not to reach higher medical support alive.If dead, collection and guarding of bodies, identification when possible.
Examples
• Severe injuries, uncompensated blood loss, • Negative neurological assessment • No spontaneous breathing after clearing of
airway
Examples
• Unresponsive patient with open head wound and exposed brain
• Burns: 2° and 3°, more than 50% TBSA• Exposure to radiation: more than 500rads
with immediate signs of radiation sickness
Expectant
Question
• In a Black color category Triage System which of the following is not involved ?
• a. No breathing • b. Patient “ can wait ”• c. Expectant • d. Identification is needed
Match the Category with the color coding
Category
1. Delayed2. Minimal3. Expectant4. Immediate
Color
A. RedB. BlackC. GreenD. yellow
Matching Type
Category Response / Patient Description
A. Patient “can wait” B. No breathing C. Acute danger D. Identification is neededE. No chance of survivalF. Walking injuredG. Immediate medical
attentionH. Transport / discharge
1. Delayed2. Minimal3. Expectant4. Immediate