PLANTS PLANTS

Structure and FunctionStructure and Function

LEAVESLEAVES

Leaf Functions• Manufacture food through photosynthesis

• Gas (Air) Exchange – Respiration

• Protect vegetative and floral buds

• Water Transport – Transpiration

• Store Food During Germination

Plants Manufacture Food Through Photosynthesis

• 3CO2 + 3H2O light C 6H6 O3 + 3O2

Stage 1:

Energy is captured from sunlight

Stage 2:

Light energy is converted to chemical energy

Stage 3:

Chemical energy powers formation of organic compounds, using CO2

What is Photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis is the process which plants use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar.

The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll.

Chlorophyll looks green because it absorbs red and blue light, making these colors unavailable to be seen by our eyes.

The green light which is NOT absorbed reaches our eyes, making chlorophyll appear green.

It is the energy from the red and blue light that are absorbed allowing the plant to do photosynthesis.

The green light we can see is not / cannot be absorbed by the plant, and cannot be used for

photosynthesis.

Most of the time, photosynthesis uses water and releases the oxygen that we absolutely must have to stay alive. And of course we need the food as well!

The overall chemical reaction of this process is:

6H2O + 6CO2 ----> C6H12O6+ 6O2

Translated it reads:six molecules of water plus six molecules of carbon dioxide produce one molecule of sugar plus six molecules of oxygen

Sugars produced by photosynthesis are used directly in respiration.

Respiration is the release of the energy derived from the food created by photosynthesis.

It occurs all the time in all living cells. There are 2 different kinds of respiration:

Aerobic respiration:Occurs only in the presence of oxygen.

It is the most common form of respiration.

Both plants and animals use aerobic respiration.

It is the opposite of photosynthesis (one molecule of glucose and six molecules of oxygen are broken up and reorganized by enzymes to give six molecules of carbon dioxide and six molecules of water.

Basically, this process makes energy out of food

Anaerobic respiration:

occurs only under special circumstances

occurs in the absence of oxygen (for example: during the fermentation process)

Usually, photosynthesis will produce more glucose than is needed by the plant.

The excess sugars are stored and transformed into starch, cellulose, lipids (fats) and other carbohydrates, proteins and sucrose.

Other Functions of Leaves

• While Photosynthesis is a very important part of the function of leaves, they have other responsibilities to the plant

Leaves protect buds through the winter JuniperMango

Protect Vegetative and Floral Buds

Leaves protect floral bracts during development

PoinsettiaGlobe artichoke

Important in the Water Cycle

• Leaves are a very important part of the water cycle, helping provide atmospheric water.

Water Transport – Transpiration

Water Transport – Transpiration

Leaves Provide the Oxygen We Breathe

• As part of Photosynthesis leaves release Oxygen as a by-product, or waste.

• Leaves use our by-product or waste, Carbon Dioxide, for photosynthesis

• This symbiotic relationship is required for the continuity of life

Gas (Air) Exchange – CO2 and O2

Leaves Store Food for the Future

• Germination (seeds sprouting) requires energy

• Leaves store energy (glucose) as a result of photosynthesis

• Seed leaves (cotyledons) are enclosed in the seed as food for the embryo plant

Store Food During Germination

Cotyledons (Seed Leaves)

Store Food While Seed Germinates

Stores Food Until Plant Matures and Begins Photosynthesis

Leaves – a Significant and Important Structure of the Plant