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05/03/2023
05/03/2023
Learning Disability
Sadaf Bashir235
Disability
Disability is a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities
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Children with Disabilities
Learning disabilities Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Mental Retardation Physical Disorders Sensory Disorders Speech and language Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorders Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
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Learning Disability clip
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Learning Disability
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A child with a learning disability has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language
The difficulty can appear in listening thinking reading writing and spelling
It also may involve difficulty in mathematics
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Types of learning Disability
Dyslexia Dysgraphia
Dyscalculia
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Dyslexia A specific learning disability that affects reading
and related language-based processing skills
The severity can differ in each individual but can affect
Reading fluency Decoding Reading comprehension Recall, writing, spelling Speech
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Dysgraphia
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Dysgraphia
A learning disability that
involves difficulty in hand writing
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Dyscalculia
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A specific learning disability that affects a
person’s ability to understand numbers and learn math facts
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STRATIGIES
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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A disability in which children consistently show
one or more of the following characteristics over a period of time
Inattention Hyperactivity Impulsivity
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What causes ADHD?
Genes and heredity
Environmental factors
Differences in the brain
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ACTIVITY Student is showing impulsive behave such as
throwing a paper airplane at the other children
As a teacher how you handle this situation in the classroom?
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Strategies Monitor whether the Childs stimulant
medication is working effectively
State clear expectations and give the child immediate feedback
Provide opportunities for students to get up and move around
Provide structure and teacher-direction
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A VISIT TO FOUNTAIN HOUSE
Mental RetardationPhysical &Sensory Disorder
Noreen MurtazaRoll # 303
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What is Mental Retardation?
“ A person having limited mental functions and a below average IQ”
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Affects a persons ability to function in everyday life skills
Like communication taking care of themselves and social skills
Develop more slowly than other children
Cont…
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Levels of mental retardation
Achievement of academic skills
Mild mental retardation Sixth grade level or higher.
Moderate mental retardation Second to third grade.
Severe mental retardation Need close supervision & specialized care.
Profound mental retardation
Completely dependant on others for daily life routine.
Levels of mental retardation
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Types of Mental Retardation
IQ Range Percentage
Mild 55-70 89
Moderate 40-54 6
severe 25-39 4
Profound Below 25
1
Types of mental retardation
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GENTIC FACTORSChromosomal abnormality ( Down syndrome)Infections ( at birth or after birth)
Causes of mental retardation
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A genetically transmitted form of mental retardation
Errors of chromosome numbers (47)
It is appears in about 1 in every 700 live births
Down Syndrome
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It can be result from many different infections and environmental hazards◦ Infections (at the time of birth or after birth).◦ Environmental factors
Malnutrition PoisoningBirth injury Heavy drinking
Brain Damage and Environmental Factors
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Use teacher aids helps to educate children with mental retardation
Give students opportunities to practice what they have learned
Have positive expectation for the students learning
Strategies for mental retardation children
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Physical disorder in children include orthopedic impairments
Such as cerebral palsy and seizure disorder
Physical Disorder
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Restricted movements or lack of control over movement due to muscle, bone or joint problems
Caused due to disease or accident
Cerebral palsy: It is due to lack of oxygen at birth Lack of muscle coordination, shaking and
unclear speech
Orthopedic Impairments
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Epilepsy “A neurological disorder characterized by
recurring sensorimotor attacks or convulsions”
Most common seizure disorder is epilepsy
Seizure Disorder
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Sensory Disorder
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The student who have low vision and student and who are blind
Low version student can read large print book Educationally blind cannot use their vision in learning
Visual Impairment
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Makes learning very difficult for children The children with this difficulty do not develop
with normal speech and language Hearing impairment learners fall in two categories
Hearing Impairment
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1. Oral approach• It include using lip reading, speech reading (a
reliance on visual cues to teach reading)
2. Manual approach• Sign language and finger spelling • Sign Language is a system of hand movement
that symbolize word• Finger spelling consist of “spelling out” each
word by signing
Speech and Language Disorder
Ayesha Munir Roll# 234
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Articulation disorder
Voice disorder
Fluency disorder
Speech Disorder
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Receptive language
Expressive language
Specific language Impairment (SLI)
Language Disorder
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Definition Range(mild,severe) Types Causes Recommendation
Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Emotional and Behavioural Disorder
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Emotional and Behavioural Disorder
Regressive Out of Control
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Emotional and Behavioural Disorder
Depression Anxiety
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Fear
Educational issues involving children with disabilities
Maham NaveedRoll # 245
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Beginning in the mid 1960 to mid 1970, U.S laid down special education rights
In 1975 according to public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act
Receive funding from Govt
Legal Aspects
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American with disability act of 1990Prohibited discriminationMinor renovation in school
Individual with disability act 1997/2004Free education for every disable from Birth to 21
age
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Purose
What is IDEA?
To protect the rights of children with disabilities
To give parents a voice in their child education
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•Evaluation
•Eligibility Determination•Get Individualized Education Plan (IEP)
•Role of Parents•Education in least restrictive environment
(LRE)
How IDEA works?
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Formal contract
Written statement that spells out a program specifically for the students with disability
To address each child unique learning issues and include specific education goals
Individualized Education Plan
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Present level of performance (PLP)
To meet the child’s indiviual needs
Design to provide educational benefits
School will provide Modification and Accomodation
What an IEP must include?
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Positive Behavioral Support
Functional Behavioral Assessment
Amendments to IDEA
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Technology aims to improve education, increase performance of the educational system
Effectiveness of Educational Technology for Promoting Special Education in Pakistan
Technology
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Instructional Technology (IT) Assistive technology (AT)
IT goal’s how students learn and provide material to facilitate learning
At facilitates physical and cognitive access
Used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities
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Examples of Assistive technology (AT)
a b
c d
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e f
hg
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Strategies for working with children with disabilites in a regular class room
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66% disabled people live in rural areas 58% of people with disabilities were male 4% child with disabilities have access to school (UMT) chairman Sajid Mahmood
2000 people registered in sheikhupura but the actual figure was 30,000
Dean of Sp.Ed Dept Abdul Hameed
Report of Pakistan related to special education (23 Dec, 2013)
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The government was starting its first pilot schools for inclusive education in Bahawalpur and Chiniot
Minister for sp.Ed Asif Saeed I strongly believe that their abilities are stronger than
their disabilities
Report of Pakistan related to special education (23 Dec, 2013)
Children who are GiftedTayyaba
Roll#236
Children with above average intelligence (an IQ of 130 or higher) or superior talent in some domain such as art, music, or mathematics
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Ellen Winner (1996), described three criteria that characterize gifted children
PrecocityMarching to their own drummerA passion to master
Characteristics
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Nature-Nurture issue
Developmental Changes
Domain-Specific Giftedness
Issues in Education of Gifted Children
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Four program options for children who are gifted described by Hertzog, 1998
Special classesAcceleration and enrichment in the regular
classroom settingMentor and apprenticeship programsWork/study and/or community-service programs
How to Educate Gifted Children
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Developed by Joseph Renzulli (1998) Focuses on total school improvement
Important goals of SEM
Yield positive outcomes for : Gifted children Non-gifted children Classroom Resource teachers
School-wide Enrichment Model (SEM)
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In Early childhood
In Elementary school; Grades K-5
In Middle school; Grades 6-8
In High school; Grades 9-12
How teachers work with gifted students
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Identification Remember that giftedness is often domain-
specific Remember that they learn faste Think in terms of their readiness rather than
ability Provide them with challenges based on their
readiness
Recommended Strategies
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Understand student acceleration
Continue to assess student's readiness
Learn about and use resources
Consult the Pre-K-12 Gifted Program Standards (NAGC,2000)
Recommended Strategies
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