1. FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE GREEK BASIC COURSE Yolume 3 D R F S

2. GREEK BASIC COURSE Volunle 3 his worlr was compiIed and pub. Iished with the support of the Office of EducatIon, Department of HeaIth, EducatIon and Welfre, UnIted States of AmerIca. . SAPOUNTZIS and S. OBOLENSKY FOREIGN SERVICE INSTITUTE WASHINGTON, D.C. 1969 D R F 5

3. GREEK BASIC COURSE {e' 'quick as a wink 'in the very act' '1 continuation' 'in co1d blood' 'in retirement' 'Glory to God! , 'On tJle first day' 'in the presence of the ing' From .., the dative forms w111 be added to katharevousa paradigms. Note 55.2 Verb: Past n augment. --------- The past tense allgment was discussed in Note 50.2. Following is a recapitulation of wJat was said 1 that Note, with some additional details: This augment consists of the sy11ab1e .f - 11 - prefixed to the verb stem. 1 verbs with prefixes, the augment fo11ows the prefix. ~p 'to 1eave' to contri bute ' 'to prevai1' & 'to result' 'to call' a) verbs wlrich begin with -, -, -, by - L- , these vowe1s are rep1aced

58. GREEK BASIC COURSE 6 -& ~-&6, ~-&-& -& b) verbs whj_ch begin "'ith - , or 0- ,these vawels are re]Jlaced by - ' 55 It should be remembered that a past tense aUgffient 1s used in katharevousa vorbs both in the Simple and Continuous Past Tenses, regardless of the humber of syllables in the verb. ~~~~_~~~~ Verb prefixes. Fol1wing is a list of verb prefixes, most of orhich have already occurred 1 Course: Before Consonants: - - - - - ~ - *)- - - - - - - 577 Before Vwels: - - --&- -- - - - - -- --&- --&- - - -

59. GREEK BASIC COURSE 55 - - - *) - -- -/-- -'< These prefixes have the fors - and - before , , and - and - before , , . The follwing examples illustrate the use ! the prefixes and give the student some idea ! their meanj.ng: -Ito put, place' --lt go, proceed ~ 'to put, place' -&- 'to put, of'fer' (- 'to judge, review' - ' bring' ~oL- 'to come' - 'to get, obtain - 'to call' - 'to go, proceed' i::xw- 'to have' -&- 'to place' 'L- 'to stand' -'t go, proceed' - to put, set' - 'to have' -&- 'to place' - 'to call l - Lt;o get' .Jto bring' .~ , ~ ..fill2..= 578 L - 'to doubt' - 'go up, rise' - 'to postpone, delay' -&-'to entrust, dedicate' (-'to examine, investigate' - ' quote, report' L-'to go up, return' - 'to resume, recover l - 'to recall, revoke' L -' to resist, oppose' - 'to endure, stand' L-&-'t oppose' -&L- ' resist, oppose' -'to land, come olIt' - to reject, dismiss' -'to abstain, be distant . '-&- 'to lay aside' - to name, to call' -'t enjoy' - 'to bear, yield l

60. - 'to come' ' - 'to stand' - 'to go' -&- 'to place' - 'to judge' - 'to get' -to bring' - 'to come' - 'to stand' - 'to put' - 'to have' -t bring' - 'to go' - 'to put' Exw-'to ha.ve' -&- 'to place' -'to call' - 'to bring' - 'to come' GREEK BASIC COURSE - 'to leave' -'t stand away' - 'to pass through' -&-'to arrange' - 'to distinguish' -'to include' - 'to di.ffer' - 'to cross' 't- 'to disagree' - 'to invade' - 'to be driven in' - 'to bring in' - 'to go out' - 'to take out' - 'to project, excel' -&- 'to , show' - 'to call out' -'t utter, express' - 'to go out' SS ' - 'to stand' -'t go' -'to put' -'to have' -'t call' -'to judGe' '- 'to stand' - 'to be astonished' -' to go into' -'to put in' - 'to contain' - 'to accuse, denounce' - 'to approve' - 'to object' 579

61. - to go' - 'to put' ~- 'to have' GREEK BASIC COURSE - 'to transgress' -'to compare naptxw-'to furnish' I 55 -&- 'to place - 'to call' - 'to get' -'to brig L- 'to come' LL- 'to stand' - 'to put' ~x- 'to have' -&-'to p]ace' - 'to get' -'to brig ~xo L- 'to come' ' L- 'to stand' "t- 'to go' -'t put' ~x- 'to have' -&- 'to place' - 'to call' - 'to judge' - 'to get' - 'to bring 1 ~L- 'to come' ' L- 'to stand' -&..Jt place beside, compare - 'to beg' -'to receive' - 'to carry along' L- 'to go by' L-'to attend ' L- 'to surround' L- 'to contai' L-&- 'to place around' L-'to e:ni>race,include' L-'to carry around 1 L L- 'to go around :L- lto stand around' npo;3aLVW-'to proceGd, advance' - 'to propose' - 'to project' -&-'to expose' -'to provoke' npOIiP{VW- 'to prefer' - 'to anticipate ,prevent' -'to pronounce' .L- 'to advance' "L- 'to preside' 580

62. GREEK BASIC COURSE 55 - 'to go - 'to put' - Ito have' -&- 'to place' - 'to call ' - 'to judge' - 'to get' - 'to bring' Pi'0 '- 'to CDme' '- 'to stand' - 'to go' - 'to put 1 - 'to have' -&-'to place' - 'to judge' - 'to get' - 'to bring' - 'to come' - 'to stand' - 'to go' - 'to put' - 'to have -&- 'to place' -,to call' - 'to brin[~' - 'to !7,et' - 'to come' '- 'to stand' - 'to set foot ' - 'to impose, inflict' '-- Ito bold' n-&-'t lay , affix' -'t call , apfJeal to' - Ito criticize' - 'to undertake' - 'to bring , cause' ;..- 'to happen' - 'to be set over' - 'to go down' ..... t throw dOW!l,OV1'thrOW' - 'to seize, occupy' -&-'to lay down' - , to ooOOern' >t-'to understand' - 'to brinE do.~n 1 - 'to come dOffi' t-& - 'to become, grow' - 'to proceed' - 'to change' ;..- 'to participate' -&'--'to rer.ove, disnlace' - 'to call baclse real, true composer, music-wri1ler wortlv beginning phase, aspect 56 LL, ~ L L L L. L LL L, , L LL 20 . L ~ L L L -& LL L , L -& L L L~ L, L-& -& . L L , LL LL L L L L 6 , W-&L ', ~oo L . "- o~ LL L oo"~-& 6 L ~L . L L -& -&L -&L LL , LL L L LL L. , , L L L LL Q:L LL L -& L ~, L -&. L L L L L ~ L-L -&L . 58

70. G REEK BASIC COURSE 56 ' ' ~ - . , ~ ~ , ', , . ' ~~o ~ ~ . ; ~ ~& , ~ - . o~o ~ .- ; ; . '' ~ .~ ; ~; ; - ~ ; ; Grammatical Notes ~~~_~~~~ Noun: Katharevousa declension. The following two charts illustrate the inflection of First Declension and Second Declension nouns in katharevousa.

71. 1 -< . CHART ----- --- FIRST DECLENSION ----- ---------- ~~~~:. Masculine Feminine --------- -------- in-fJc in ~ in:'ac in - in~ in~a in ~- L- , - nEpLOx-f) 6- C- ---. - ~ G. - -OJ - - - - --- J :: D. -~ -J - J - - - ---n ::J } , 6 - - - , - - ---. - U U Plur. - J - < L- - L -L nEpLOx-aL 6-lL -L -9tX- L 1 ~ . ::: G. - - - - - . L-WV ---~ ~ ---L:: D. 'L -'L -L -L 'L -'L -L -L .:J . - , - , - 6- .- ----

72. - 1' ~ ! CHART SEJND DECLENSION Sing. ----- Hasculine Nouns Feminine Nouns in-6 in ~o in ~-o in -6; in ~o in :'- -6 - ~n-o - - - - - ~-o') - - - - - ~n- ~ - - - 4 " r j 6 - - ~-o - - - ... - - ~-o - - - a- 1' - - {}- - - - - - ~-o :5-0 - - ~ ~p-o - --OJ - - . in - - Neuter Nouns in ~o - in ~-o - Plur. . ~ - Neuter Nouns in ~o - jn :'- - G. - - - G. - - - . - r - ,- D. - - - . 6 - - - . - - -

73. GREEK BASIC COURSE 56 lo.!-~_~6..:3 Verb: C1ass (Midd1e/Passive) verbs with a constant stem formati ve suffix ~_~q~~~! In contrast to the regular Midd1e/Passive verbs where the Stem Formative suffix varies according to the personal ending (e.g. -&-Q-, -&-.Ji.-; -,g)-, -~-, etc.), the Stem Formative Suf'fix ! the under1ined v,erb in the sentence above is constant. In addition to the verb -& with its derivatives (such as -& abov, -&..!t attack~ etc.) and ', this group inc1udes the fo11owing verbs: - 'to be given',-tobe ab1e', and -'to be situated, to 1ie'. The verbs ! this group are conjugated as fo11ws: Present -& -& -& -&-& 6-& -& -& -& -& 6 -& -& -&-& 6-& ..t-&g-& -& -& ' " " -& '-& " Cont. Past ---------- ' ' -& t& " -& & " ~o -& ~ ,'} ~o ~~~~_~~~~ Indefinite Article The cardina1 numeral 'one', which is also the indefinite artic1e in Greek, is declined as follws: 592

74. . Il. . . G REEK BASIC COURSE ,J-Cav Grammatical Drill . 56 Fill in each blank witl1 the proper form of the word gi the right. If i t is a noun, use the appropriate form of the article. Nouns: * ~o & ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ox~. ~ & o~ fi ~ ~ & ,fi. ~ & _ ~x . & ~. ~ ~~ . & ~J_; c,. fi ~l ~. ~ x~ fi ,- xofi G . ~fi & fi 5 ~. ________________ ". ':J ---------------------------- * 6 c. - water 593 , :cL ,

75. f . GREEK BASIC COURSE . n '. ~~~~~!:!!~~.:. ~x . , - . ~ooo . . & Verbs: - . ! ~ooo ~o . . . . & . _ '% & ~. . ' ~ . UNIT S6 & ~ &~ & & o~ ' ' & &. S94 &

76. tThe Greek F1agt J1 (-) , -, - (-) , -, - .r& , -, - 6 (-) (-) (-) 6 (%) 6 (-) 6, -, - 6, -, - < ' 6 (-) GREEK BASIC COURSE Unit 57 Narrative flag mention about, concerning annals Middle Ages blue, azure ray, beam turned frn both sides ending. which ends emble capture resurrection province coloring, painting interpFetation to be able descendent emperor alternat1ng being fund above, up 'Under this [sign ! cross] you conquer. fieet landing governor 595

77. C10, -, - -& 6, -, - C10, -, - 6 C1( -) () , -, -6 ~ (C1W) , -, - , -, - GREEK BASIC COURSE description consisting ! equal parts rectangle divided golden crown to wave cOll11ercial to divide consular similar to brmg UNIT S7 ' C1 C1 C1. ~ C1 , C16 C1C1 C1 C1 -& C1 6 ,l 6 C1 C1 ~ C1. ~ -& ~ C1~ ~o C1, C1 C1 C1 C16 ~ ~ To~, -& &C1C1. 6 ', C1 6 1821' C1 -&-&C1 ~6 o~ x~ &x~ C1 &~o -&. C1 ~ ~ ~o 6 C1u C1 C1, - C1, 6 , 6 -&. ' C1 -&-& 6 &C1 -& ~C1~ ' 6 1822. 6 C16 C1 C1 '-&. 6 6 C1 , -& &6 A~ooo 596

78. GREEK BASIC COURSE( 57 . ' ~o ' . ' " . ~ , 1828, , ~o . ~o : ~o, , . , , , ... ~ : cr . , o~ ~o, . : ~ , .- ~ ~ ; ; ~o; ~ ~o . ; ; ; ' ; 597

79. GREEK BASIC COURSE Grammatical Notes ~;~!:._~!~~ Verb: Participial Forms. 57 ll1 addition to the Past Passive Participle (Note 23.2) and Present Active Participle (Note 24.2), at least five other participial forms are still used in modern katharevousa. of these participles are illustrated in the fol1wing Notes. ~~~~_~Z~~ Present Active Participle. This participle is dec1inable in katharevousa. a) Class Verbs: Imperf. stem+-oo{J, -, - . G. D. . Plllr. e.g. -9(-- Masculine -9( -9 -9(L 6 -9 'one who is cleaning . Feminine -9 ~ , -9L ~ , 1 -9Ll1 -9( Neuter 6 -9( -9( -9 -9( . -9( at -9CL -9( . -9L6 .t-9L -9L6 D. ;; -9(L -9 Lv'a L -9CL . , -9 -9L~ -9!. b) Class Verbs 1) Verbs in - Imperf. stemt -, -, - . G. D. . e.g. L-, - Mascu1ine L L LL 6 L ' who i5 winning . Feminine L L L L 596 Neuter 6 L L LL 6 L

80. PI1Jr. G REEK BASIC COURSE 57 Imperf. sten + -, -, - . G. n. . OL L 2) Verbs in - and -6 ~ , ~ e.g. ~-o,-o , --- 'one who is considering' who is showing' Mascu.line Feminine Neuter . G. D. . Plur. . G. D. . ~ ~oo ~o, 6 ~o ~po ~o ~po ~o ~o ~o ~o ' '~o ~o ~o ~o ~o 6 ~o {t ~po 6 ~o ~o ~o ~o {t ~~~~_~Z~~ Present Passive ParticipJe This participle is declined like a regular adjective in -, -, -. a) Class Verbs: Imperf. sten+ -6, -- e.g. {t6, -, - 'somethirg wl1ich is beinii cleaned' b) Class 11 Verbs: 1) Verbs in - Imperf. stem + , -- e.g. , - - 'one who is being defeated' 2) Verbs in -EWand 6: Imperf. sten + ,-- e.g. ~oo, -- , -- 'sonething which i8 being considered' '8omething w}lic!l is beir;g shown Note 57.4 FUtre Active Participle: Act. perf. stero-+ -, -, -, declined like the Present Acti ParticiF'le (Note 57.2). 599

81. GREEK BASIC COURSE a) Class 1 Verbs: 1 S7 ~C, -, - b) Class 11 Verbs: ~, -, - &, -, - , -, - Note 57.5 Future Passive Participle -----~---- Passive perf. stem-f6,-- 'one who is going to clean' lone who is gin to win' 'one who is going to consider' 'one who is going to show' Declined like regular adjectiS in - , -, - a) Class 111 Verbs: (Passive voice ! Class 1 Verbs) ~~~6o,-,-o Isomething that i8 going to be cleaned' b) Class 111 Verbs: (Passive voice ! Class 11 Verbs) ~~6o,-,-o ~p~6o,-,-o ~o,-,-o ~2~~_~7: Past Active Participle Active perf. stem+ , -, - a) C1ass 1 Verbs: ~C-- ' who is going to be defeated' 'something that is going to be considered 's(wething that is gin to be shwn l This rarticip1e is declinable as follo'W's: 'one who has cleaned' . (. .. Plur. . G. Masculine -& ~Co ~C~ 6 ~C , ~C 9- ~C~ ~9C Ferninine ~C ~~ ~~ ~C , ~C~ ~~ ~~~ ~~ Neuter ~C ~Co ~C~ 6 t~C ~C ~~ -- b) Class 11 Verbs: (declined like Class 1 Verbs above). ~, ~, 6 ~ ~, ~, 6 ~ 600 'one wrD has ' 'or has considered

82. GREEK BASIC COURSE 57 , , 6 ~~~~_~I~I Past Pass1ve Part~c1ple 'one who has shown' Pass1ve Perf. Stem + , -, - a) Class Verbs: (Passive Vo1ce of Class Verbs) ~~~(, -, - 'something that has been cleaned' ~~~(~ ~~~ . . D. . Plur. . G. D. . Masculine ~~~( ~~~o ~~~~ 6 ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~ Feminine ~~~ ~~~( ~ ~~~(J ~~~ ~~~~ ~~~~ ~~~( Neuter 6 ~~8- ~~~G "9- ~~ 6 ~~~ ~ ~& ~~~ ~~ b) Class Verbs: (Passive Voice of Class 11 Verbs) 'one who has been defeated' ~~(, ~~, 6 ~~ 'smething that has been considered' ~(, ~, 6 ~ 'something that has been shown' ~~~~_~'Z:.~ Perfect Passive Partic1ple in -, -, - The kathomilonmeni form ! this participle was d:Bcussed in Note 2).1, where it was called 'Past ParticipJe'. In addition, modem katharevousa uses this participle either with a reduplicative pre- fi.x (Group 1) or with a augment (Group 2). g:.;;..1.._ Reduplication The reduplicative prefi.x consists of the initial consonant ! the verb plus -. Most ! the verbs beginning with a single consonant (except , , and ) have such a reduplicat10n prefi.x. Verbs beginning with two consonants have a similar redl1plication if the first consonant 1s , , , , , , , ,~ or and the second , , or .

83. G REEK BASIC COURSE $7 'lmitted' 'armored' 19uarded' 'convinced' 'completed' 'written' 'separated,divorced' 'defeated' 'chased' and -&- is -, - and - respective1y. L L L L L. -&L :ro 'to knit' 'to guard l 'to be defeated' 'to chase' lto furnish with armor' 'to write' 'to complete, finish' 'to separate, divorce' L LWL L -& Q~~~E_~~ Augment , ) Verbs beginning in , , , and most ! those in have augment. 2) Verbs beginning with any combination ! two consonants other than those indicated in The redlIplicative prefix.of verbs in -, Exanples: -& 'to persuade, convince' 'pacified ' 'reduced' Iblessed' 'captured' 'armed' 'raised' 'girded' increased Isewn l 'dried' 'voted' 'compelledl :.u L L . tL 'to dryl 'to vote' ~ 'to compel' 'to increase' 'to reduce' 'to bless' . 'to captlIre 'to ar' 'to raise' . 'to pacif'y' Group , have an aUgJIJent. 3) Verbs beginning with vowels have augment in accordance with the res discussed in Note $5.2. Exanples: 'to Bw 'to gird'

84. GREEK BASIC COURSE Grammatical Drill S7 Fill in each blank with the proper form ! the word given the right. ! it 1s a noun, use the appropriate form ! the article. Nouns: & -r . " .:lC ~o. 6 ~6 6. 6 ' . ~o. ~o ~Jxva o~. 6~ - . 'lC ' . . 6 6 u 6. N.A.T.C. -!1, - 6 * 6 '. ~ _ . * - to anchor 603

85. GREEK BASIC COURSE ( ~o 6 ( - -------------- . ~oo6 . ( - 6 ( Weber. E~ 6 ( ~6 ~6 .: ~oo ; !~~~~!:!!~!~ 6 (. .~ ( ~o o~6 6 6 ~o. _______________ ( ~o ( . 6 ( ( . '' * ( ( 6 6. 6 ( ( . 6 6 . 6 . Verbs: 6 O"'t6o 6 6 ~ ( ~ 6 '6. ' 6 oo~ 6 ' 6 , ~ . ( 'E~. 6 ( ( ( ~( (. * - dimensionj d.isagreement 604 (

86. GREEK BASIC COURSE Unit 58 'Hand1craft of Greek Wnen' Narrative LL (-) (-) L (-) () :L L, -, - L (-) , -, - LL L, -, - LL (-) LC , -, - , -, - ~ (-) L, -, -/L, -, - L " L L 605 dexterity embroidery imit.ting art ! weaving to ,Ieave to expect, wait spouse instinct instinctive inclination, tendency embroidered national dress han1icra!t tremendous decoration lace wall painting cmbination, coalition Island ! Corfu shining gilded dress velvet (adj.) sl10rt pelisse ribbon !ez

87. l16, -, -6 GREEK BASIC COURSE thick pompon '!~_~~l~~!~~~~~I~_TqN_rIN~IKgN ' ----------- UNIT 58 p~u ' . . '_ ' 6 o~ ~o '. , , ~x ~ ~ ~o . - . ', , ~, ~ ~ , ~6 ~ 3 ~o. , ~o , - ~ o~, 3~. ~o - . K~~ ~x , ~o x~oo'o . ~o , , 3 - . ~ , xox~ . 3 [ ~o x~ ~o x~o, . 3 3, , t , .- 606

88. GREEK BASIC COURSE ; ; 6 ; ~ ; .. ; , ; ; Grammatical Notes ~~~~_~~~~ Adjectives: Declension There are eight types ! adjectives in modem katharevousa. Most of these adjectives have already been discussed in our Units. Following is a recapitulation of katharevousa adjectives: !lE~_~~ 6,-,-6 (Note 3.1) ~!~~:. . -6 - -6 G. - - - D. - "7~ -Q . -6 -,' -6 !lE~_~!. ,-- or ~6--6 ~!~~~ . - - - G. -; - - D. -- - - . . . -- - -6 Plur. .. - - - - - .- -: - -or , , - - (Note 27.5) Plur. - - - - - - - .,... - -' - -

89. GREEK BASIC COURSE ~_~: -:;- (Note.34.1) $8 . G. . . - - - - - - - -~ - - -6 -6 - - - - -.J - - - - - - - ~_~.:. -- (Note 27.4) . - - - G. - - - . - - - t. - - - !:!~~ - - - -6 - -6 - - - - , - - Type $: -- (Note 27.3) . - - , - G. - -( - . - -( - . -> - , - Type 6: -- (Note 22.,) ~~1l!:. - - , - - - , - - - , - - - , - P1ur. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , , - - - - 'ype 7: -- , - - - - ~~~!. . - - - G. - - - . -~ - - .. - - - 608 P1ur. - - - - - - - - - - - -

90. GREEK BASIC COURSE 58 ~~~:. . , , -- - G. ' , -- - D. -o~ - ~ -o~ . - - - Plur. - - - - - - -o~ -o~ -o~ - - - ~~~~_~~~~ Adjectives: Comparative and Superlative. Comparative and superlative forms ! adjectivcs were briefly discussed 1n Notes 16.3, The regular conparative suffixes in katharevousa are -, -, -, and the superlative suffixes are -, -, -. These suffixes are affixed to the neuter fonn ! the adjectives. - C- - - , , - - S~~~~~!~ ~-o ~o- ~-o - - - ~~~~!!~!!! ~-o ~o- ~-o - - - :3 stated in Note 16.3, some adjecti have irregu1ar cnparati and superlative forms, e.g. ~~E~::~~!!~ ~'2P~::!~~!!! ( ( ~o ( (~o ~o , ~o : ~o ~o , 609

91. GREEK BASIC COURSE 58 ' ' Grammatical Dr111 ----------------- Fill 1n each blank with the proper form ! the word g1 the right. It 1t is a , use the appropriate fonn ! the article. 8: 6 6 . 6 6 f 6 6 - u . L &~o - . llv ' 6 . 6 ; . 6 . 6 6 ~ 6 - . 610 6 {

92. GREEK BASIC COURSE . 58 ~ ,& ~~o - ~o ~o ~o _ . . ~ ~ . Verbs: 'J :. . . -------------- . , ~ 10.000 . - - _ . ,*. * = earthquake 6'1

93. GREEK BASIC (~OURSE Unit 59 Narrative ~o , -, - ~o, -, - co-9- ~ 6~~ (-) ~ (~) ~ (-) -9- (-9-) (-) () ~o, -, - 6 (-) ~o~ (~{f) (with thf~ Gen.) ~6, -, -6 ~ , (-) , -o~, - ~ (-) ~o, -, - ( )(with the Accus.) 612 anniersary dawn power1'ul opponent unjust, wrong self-sacrifice proo1'; receipt to 3:'serve repetition to do brave deeds blessing, benediction ability, capability to suppress, stifle cruia:J. wickedness, malice hate to be devoted heartiJ.y 1'or, i.n 1'avor 01' Pers1An secret .at~tin, e1evation advancing with the lapse of tiJne sign. mark pennanent over, above, more than

94. GREEK BASIC COLTRSE 59 (~) to be manifested, displayed danger , -, , - peaceful, pacific prosperity '~M.rIJ~.~}lEQ~_IQIi_~M)iIi!~Q~_MQ~ ~J_~_~~~l~_~~_~~~~_Q~~~fQ!_l~~Q' 23 ~o - ~. o~, , ~ ~ , ' ~ , . ' , . ' 1940, . , , ~, , , ~ ~ . ~~ , , "E~o .- ~ ; ; ~~ 1940-1941j 613

95. GREEK BASIC COURSE 59 ;- '" ; llOLaL ~ - ; ' ; ~o & ; Grammatical Notes ~~~:_~2~~ Noun: Third Declension. The following paradigms illustrate various types of third declension nouns which have already occurred in our units. Masculine Plur. . G. D. . . G. D. . . G. D. . ~ OL OL

96. . c. D. . . c. D. . . G. D. . . G. D. . G. D. . . G. D. . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~, 6 ' ' ~ '~ 6 ' ~, 6 lf ~ 6 oo~, 6 G REEK BASIC COURSE ~ ~ ~~ ~ . ~ . ' ' '~ ' o~ o~ . ~ . 6 oo~ S9

97. . G. D. . . G. D. . ', 6 ~, 6 GREEK BASIC COURSE ot ~ ot ~ 59 . G. ~6 D. ~ . 6 Feminine Nouns Plnr. . . D. . . G. D. . . G. D. . !] ~ -&~ -& f) -&~, -&~ ~ at J: ~ at -&~ -& ' -&~ -&~ .. ~ ~ , ~

98. . G. D. . . G. D. . . D. . . G. . . . G. D. . . G. D. . ~ r6 6 6 -& -& -&, -& . . . 6 ,fi , 6 GREEK BASIC COURSE 6 ~o 6 6 -& -& & -& at . ~ ., . . . Neuter Nouns Plur. 617 59

99. GREEK BASIC COURSE . . D. L , . , . (1. D. , . . G. D. L , . , , . G. L , D. , . . G. D. L . . (1. , D. L . , 618 59

100. . ": . ": D.

101. GREEK BASIC COURSE Verbs: ' C1 L *. L L Alamein. L . 6 L u -& o~ tL L -& . L 6 6 L6 6 230 ~o Lt . ----------------------------------~--- * occupation; possession 620 LL L

102. GREEK BASIC COURSE Unit 60 'Greek. Histo , ~, ~', ~ () ~ (~) , -, - (-) ~ () (t'&) (-) K~ (-) (~) (~) W (-) (-) ~o, -, - ~ (-) () , -, - 621 birthplace in vhich moreover to organize to arrive siege in detail philological, literary exploration colony, settlement coast, beach, seashore to establish, appoint to unite spreading installation to be cooquered empire to be Hellenized falling, fall subjugation universal, general, catholic liberation to fight together ally central target invasion

103. GREEK BASIC COURSE 60 () conIederacy, federation to find aEain . 6 6 4.000 .. 6 ~' 6 6 6 6 8 6". o~o , 6. o~o 6 6 6 . ~ ~ ~ . 6 , ' o~o 950 .. . 6 ~ , . { Boo~A . , ~ ~, . ~o ~ ~ ' , ~ ~o. ~ ~ ' oo---M~, , , . ~ 6 . ~ . 6 ~ & . ~ 6 6 ~ 6 , 1000 622

104. GREEK BASIC COURSE 1453 " . UNIT 60 - ' -& , - 400 1821. & -& ~ -&'~o 190 ~o . 6 . ! -& ' . 1946-49 . -& n po-&~~ . ; ; 6 ; ; -& ; ~o ' ~~; l- * ~o- ; Milletj .; & "; NATOj *() dissolution 62)

105. GREEK BASIC COURSE Gramroatical Notes As can be n from our units, some prepositions are used in Greek w:th different cases depending the meaning they convey. This can be illustrated by the follwing chart and examples: 60 / . , 6 6 . Genitive throlJgh, by means of fron , in the time of, near, in front of against, according to frrn before, in front of, for, above nder, from, accont of Dative , near, for, after, except for near underneath, under the supervision ! in, at Accusative for, in regard in twards, against during, through against, near, by, less under ~ 6 . ~ - ~ 10 .. oo~ 6 9 ~. ot " ~ . ~ ~ 50 .. . x~ ~o . 6 ~ ~~ ., 6 ~ . ot " ~ r .

106. G REEK BASIC COURSE Grammatical Drill UNIT 60 Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given the right. It it is a , use the appropriat.e form of the artic1e. Nouns: oo~ dnoCav % . , . Q ~o . 190 . . % . . , 1t. % % %. 1t *. ~o %* ' . 25 . r. % % . . * () = an ill-nened day * % = to die 625

107. '. GREEK BASIC COURSE ~o x~ C ~N K~ 60 C~ '-& . C -&~ Bo~ & o~ ~ ' ~o C . , ~ ! ~xa . Verbs: C -& ~. -:ta -& -& ' . -& ~ -& 6 ~-&o ~ - -& :.. ~ ~ . ' ,J ! _ . , , . . EC~ ! . & ~o. 626

108. GREEK BASIC COURSE Unit 61 'The Naval Battle ! Navarine' () - - (~) "Gc (-) 6 (o~) (-) () 6 - - 6 (-) (-) , () 6 (~) 6~o - - ~o '6, q (-) ~6oo - - 627 naval battle to travel, go through; finish disturbance silnultaneous, simultaneously to be moved, touched heroism revolt, uprising lens J magni.fying glass to be created fermentation influence politics to become bankrupt; to fa11 competition obvious rejection J refusal term Petrograd to conclude J unite, join, attach London to rely on, to be based upon additional article, clause Julian treaty, pactJ agreement autonomous suzerainty

109. GREEK BASIC COURSE sultan UNIT 6, () L(-) . . () L (ox~) () () ~ - - Lv (L) (-) LL (LL) () () () ~ L , -- L LL (-) L (-) (-) L L KLK L (L) L - - by means ! arms to be wayward. to act peevishly to step; measure belligerent order; commission; authority to app1y. enforce. fit. adjust to accept to interfere, intervene to reject adopted to notify. announce inaction fate. destiny; degree; squadron harbor. port to undertake. at tempt to sail away to compel. force to sail back whence. from where destructive intimidation. frightening display. show boat. rowlJoat understanding fuel; match war ship cannon tactics; method to prevail advantageous in a little while. shortly 628

110. GREEK BASIC COURSE 6, L (L) 6 L LL6 - -6 L (-) - - % (%) L (%) LL (-) L (L) %L (%) 6 to be absent shipwreck decisive reestablisrment, recovery iJ11lediae, prompt to continue to deny recognition to hesitate to consent, acquiesce compu]sion being in the state revolution L L L 6 L , L 6L L L. ' L L% % L . L L L 6 , , L LL VEaL L L L . LL L L, L6 L6 ~o . 6LL 6 % % L , 6% %, 'IL L (6 ' 1827). L %: 1) % 6 6 LL 2) % L% 6 6 L , LL %' % 6 ot 6L % L%. 6L ( '), L ( ) () 6% 6 6L. % 629

111. G REEK BASIC COURSE UNIT 6, L, L. ', ~ , L L~ L, ~~ L LL x~ ~ . " 5~ L L ' L L, ', ~ L NauaPLVOV, ~ L L L. L L ~ L L L L (8 '). L L L L ~ ~ . LL 26 L (11 , 8 7 L) 1270 L, -LL 82 L 2.000 L. 5 L ~ L L . ' L 'L, L ~ . , , LL L , L . oo~ ' L 'IL L L. ' ~ . ' L L , 5L 5 L nEpLOXaL ~ L . L L L L ~L ; VL L ; ' ~o Lord I3yron - L; ; ~L ; nEpLOXWV ~L LL 630

112. GREEK BASIC COURSE 6 ; ~ ; Grammatical Dr111 61 F:l.ll 1n each blank w:i.th the proper form of the word given n the right. If it is a noun. use the appropriate form of the article. Nouns: ~ ~ o~ ~ 1:f.~. " x~ ___________ ~x . . * . ~oo. ~~o ~o*. . ~ . , , ~po ~ . _ . ' ~ ~. - --------- ~ oog , , ': . * to exercise * ro~ = pass1n; pathos ! . 631

113. GREEK BASIC COURSE &~ ~ &o~ & & o~ . ~ && _ , L. ' ' ' . . 61 o~ ! . ~x ~ ~ &- . oU ~ & >1. "' . & ' ~ &p~ . o~ - :. '& ~o ~o & _ . , ~o . , ; , ~ ~ & &. Verbs: , , ;& 6 , ~ i && , & . 632

114. GREEK BASIC COURSE ~ . -------------_.- UNIT 61 ~ . ~ l . ~ ' ~ . . craq . ~. ' ~ x~o ~ . x~ -& . ~ ~ 1/~o ' _ , . ~ ~o. - , ~ ~o. ' , x~ t %. ~. u6 ~ & ~ ~ . & 'j. - " U ' ~ _____________ l . - & & . 633 %

115. GREEK BASIC COURSE A~6 ~x{J-pWv. ~ t , 61 ' 6 {J- ( _ 6 . 634 6 ({J-

116. GREEK BASIC COURSE Unit 62 'Modern Greek Literature' - - o~o - - 6 - -6v (~) o~ () (-) 6 6 ~ () ~ (-) 6, -, -6 6 6, -, -6 6 - -6 (-~) 6, -, ~6 (-) 6 6, -, - ~~~~o - - 6 (-) ~oo 635 connected much talked about language (adj.) to stir up; to rouse to take, aSSUle, engage sharpness, acuteness; acidity highest point, zenith to publish breath, breathing a follower ! the demotic variety ! Greek consecration dull; rsaic prose continental pertaining to "Fanari" (na,e ! a section in Istanbul) exceJCtion; exemption etre,el. radical utilization romanticism unhealthy; sickly, morbid pining ("wishinf; for death") defect; fault follower of "Katharevousa"

117. GREEK BASIC COURSE 62 . , l!f () ,:} - - ~ (~) () () (-) ~o (~~~) - - (-) islander (inhabitant ! the Ionian islands) to PJlllP up, draw up water; derive tasteful; eloquent; esthetic to lay folndation, to found to brighten letters, literature to abandon teaching prose writer to kiss; adopt attached reserve alongside; beside 6 ~o ~6 ~ , 6. 6 6 , 6 ~ 6 160 tw, . ~6 ~ (1888) ~ t 6 6 1901-1912. 6 6 t 6 ,:: t ~ t 6 6 6. t ( t (~. 6, . , 6, , ) 6 6 . , t~ t . 6 6 , 6, 6 ~a 6, x~, ~ 6 . oo~ . , '. , . 6, .. 1880. 6)6

118. G REEK BASIC COURSE 62 L L ~o LL L(, dnOtOL ~ L)t 6 ( ~ OL . ( (~o L L &( L (. L L L ~L6 L LL 6. ' LoMywv L L (, . , L. (, L , . , L6 .~. L JL ~L L 6 L (, . , . , .&. ( 6 1880 LL ~ , dnOLOL ( L ( ~o L L L. ' L ~ , . L6, . L, . (, . , '. .~. 6 . L6 L L. L. o..e. , . ~ " " " u uv , L, OL L o~ L ~o L LL. ElvaL ( 6 L . L, L L6, . , ~ ". , . , . 6 L. L. .J . .. Lv L L OYOL uL . u, L, . (, . 6, . 6, (, . L(, . L, ~. 6 , . , L L, ~ L (. - (), . , o~ , . .~. L( - ~x LL; L 6 L( ( ' "; ( ~o L( LL 6 L( 6; ( 3L ( ( LL ; ' LL L ; " (, nOL6 ( L L6; 637

119. GREEK BASIC COURSE ~ %f ~o o~ o~o U K~'~& CU ~ &f d E~; ~ ~ & ; Grammatical Drill UNIT 62 Fill in each b:ank with the proper form of the word given the right. ! it 15 a nn, use the aroriate forn of the artic1e. Nouns: ~ o~ vfav ~ ~ . ~ f - & & % f . ToU c '& ~ . v ~ ~ f ~ . & & ~ . U 190 , o~ ~o & ~ & . o~ o~ a%f [ ~o & & t . ~:x o~o &o~ ~ ~ ~ o~ . ~o &% f ~ ~ . " & f ~ ~ 6)8

120. GREEK BASIC COURSE ,.J. -& 6 -& Verbs: UNIT 62 n 6 -& 6 ~oo 500 ~o. 6 6 6 -& . 6 - . ~ 6 -& 6 ~o 6 5 "-&". o-&~ '. ~ . 6 6. 639 -9-

121. GREEK BASIC COURSE Unit 63 - -6 () ~6 - -6 (x~) (-) ' (-) - -6 - - ~ representative criticism in verse, metrical dramaturgy dead afterwards, then to rule theatrical to rise greatly elevation, raising founding, establishment vcational, professional historian founder folklore linguist , . , . , . , . , , . , . , . , " , . , . - .. '( Itt . , . , , . a, . , . , . .. ~o '7 f'l , ci && 3~, &: . To~ f 660

142. GREEK BASIC COURSE 68 01, '". ; 6 & . 6 . ', &~ ~ ~ , ox~po 1. ~ '. 6 6 6 ~ & ~ ', & , ~ 6 &6, 1. & 6 6 - , & . ' 6 . . & , 01, ' ~o , 6 6 . 1l& 6 "" 6; ~ & , ~ 6 , ' 6 ~o. & ~~ " . 4 &, }Ja ~:J . ; ' . 6 , xo~ , ~ & , ~ . ~~ 6 . 6 . 9. - ~ - 6 . Grammatical Drills Fill in each blank with the proper for~ of the word given the rir,ht. If it is a noun, use the appropriate form of the article. Nouns: ~o &6 . " 01, 6 ______________ 6. Hashington 6 661 6

143. GREEK BASIC COURSE L L 6 '&L . L L JN 68 LL L L . L ' _ . ,~~;i;~~~~;~:. -&.:; EISENHOHER J L L o~ _ . Kennedy L Arliniiton. L3 u -&L Ve!'bs: L LwL L 1944. L L ~XEL . 6 L L . La . L L L L L ::JL LrJ. L

144. GREEK BASIC COURSE !.hit 69 (-) 6 6 (-) , -, - () (-) (~) () ~ (-) (~) o~ (-) (-) 6 6 (-) ') (-) , - - o~ 6 &6 (-:;) - - 6 o~ (-) the undersign'3d journalist 1ate; deceased. to enlarge; widen pale; post, stake remainder, remnant lumber, timber evident, obvious to measure; cojJnt Danube to enter, come in to forrn an alltance; to ally claim to stand; stay care1ess, carefree confidence; trjJst; conviction to protectj preserve radio (receiving set) why enterprisej bjJsiness, operation axis necessary, needed term; time limit l; fiction fighting c1early, explicitly cOlllunique 66)

145. n~ - - , -, - GREEK BASIC COURSE the (1;, before estrda clear, explicit l ">9 d ~n oo~ , n , dnorov ~p ncpvoUv ot tn~~ clncv ~n: - ~, n, n~. At ;::( ~, n, ~n:J~ n. ~n:C,.l ~o txcr. n ot - ~, n 5n, 6 n d ; Enpcnc ; n , ~ n~ o~, o~ n~ ~xoo , n ( , ' Boo~ ncpC ~K~ nn~ ot ~o- n n ; ', !f ' , , ~, tcrTop,Cc:v ' ~ n. - - ot ~o ~o ; . ~ ~: ; t& , ~ ~po 6 ', ~o &'&x~ &vaYKaCa, ~ n n & ~ d . { .s eL, ' . , ' ,. " ' ,,, n: '. 1.. ". napo'JcrLQ , - , ~xoo, n~, . ~n, - n, n' tncL " a. ~; ; M~ oo~ ~I ; '6 ~o. O~ , - o~ oox~ 6 , ~ - , , ~ v. 6 , , ~~. ; 664

146. G REEK BASIC COURSE Grunatica1 Notes :~~';_~2:.!. NOlIn -T!l.i.rod Dec1ension noun - The tllird dec1ens~on nun is dec1:i.neci "15 fo11o'7s: . . . J). TCJ . 6 !!otc 60.2 }Joun -Third ])ec1ensi:Jn n - T!le thjrd d.ec1ension n is declined as fo11ows: ('. P1nr.~~!2:. . . o~ . : D. . 6 ~!2~~_~2:.2 -Third J)ec1ension noun - 6 -& The third dF!c1ension nn 6 -& is dec1ined as follows: ~~::'G:. PIlJr. I.JNr 6., . -& G. & . -& . 6 -& -& ~ -& -& -& Gramnatical Dri1ls } each blanl: Iitr: the "roper Iorm the word given the right. If it is a n, 'se the a~)pro:>riat,e form the article. ~1')l1ns : 6 ~ . 9' -&6 "

147. GREEK BASIC COURSE & ~~ ~p&o o~ ~ & &, ~& . A~& & 3fi & . UNIT 69 ' ~o & & " ~o " & &: 3 ~o . 3 ~ _ " 3 ~ ~ - -&~') -& - . -& : &-& -& "" . A~ ,n-& , & c ~ & ~. -& ~o3 ~o -& Vcr13 : -& ' & x-&~o . -& , , ~ ~ ~x & &. & :1E. & -&. A~ &v 3 . ~o& &o~& _ 5~ -&. 666

148. G REEK BASIC COURSE Unit 70 t6 - -6 t6 () () () () , -, - 6 (-~) ~o - - - - () 6 ,::6 6 e6 , (-) , tC (-x~) (-) 667 not, don't salvation definitely finally hurniliating hnmiliation to hunt, chase to be full; satiated; satisfied glory to chase, to drive away; dismiss wounded to leave; at)andon dishonesty; infamy naive still, yet; more, besides to be stained, soiled most wretCl1ed armed to the teeth to attack frm the flank infantry artillery division (army) guard w01mded person bandage; band to welcome to hit, beat, strike, knock

149. & : o~' " ( ) - GREEK BASIC COURSE to be called.; sU!JTloned Thrace Berlin fire; conflagration area 70 ' '() & '; ') & ; ' & u p~~, , ; & ~o ~ ~o- - , & & ', & 6 : 9-0; , -& &, & ' ~o, , ; " ~o '. " 8 a , 8 3 a , 5 . ; &. & a t, : " 8 . '; " :); ', , , , , , " . ) ' " ' ' ' , , , ._ . -: ; ', ; , , . ; . 8 ''t' ' " " " '" ,," , -; , &- ~ , , m-: , ~3 & , KIXL ; , , &, . & . , . & , 3 ,& ~ , , ~o , ~ . ; - - & . , , . ~o 3

150. GREEK BASIC COURSE 70 6 o~ - 6 -& 6 a~ - -& -& ~-& " ~ -&. ~o o~ , &, ':6 ~ - ~oy C 6 " ~ ~ - ~ 6& , -& ''& ~6, ~ -& , 6 6 & . :,6n -& 6 6, , ~o, oo~o x~, C ~o~ x~~ ~, 6~, x~, ~ ~~o ~ 6 - -&; ~ -& 6 ~ ; 'x~, 6~~ 6. 6 l~ 'J, -& '~o, -& -&. -&, C . ; . . -& -&. . -&'-&. . -&' ~o , ~-&~ 6 ' 6 6 , 6 C 6 6, ~, ~o 6 6, ', ::! :x-& 6 6

151. GREEK BASIC COURSE 70 , ~o bli.tz- krieg 194,1; ; ".tat ALAJlliIN; ~o ~ i 1943; n:~ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ ~ * 6 ~o 1942; ; & l ; :. Cassino; ~ ~ ~; ; ~ ! ; ~c * 6 ~ ; Grammatjcal Drills Fill in each blank with the :ro)'er forn of the word given the rigrlt. r it is a noun, use the appropriate form of the article. Nouns: ~ . ' K~~o. &~no ~, . ' ~ _ . ; _ 24 * () :: conquest * () clergy 670 l.

152. J GREEK BASIC COURSE . IJNIT 70 J 300. 6 _ ~ ~x ~ . x~ . ' . 6 ' ' 6 ~ , ~ ~ . ~o '3 ', . ~~3 . J6 ,9r 6 . . Verbs: ~p & 3 &3 . .. &~ '3 6. ' ' &6 . ~o. 6 3. &~ 6 . 5 ~x3po. 6 6 , ; " cx ~3 ~ 6 1941 ~ 3. & 6 6 W'J' ~ ,9- 6 . 671

153. GREEK BASIC COURSE 71 () 6 ~ (-) 6 ~p~ (~~) (-.l) (-) (-) " , -& () (-) (-) (;) -5 -,- c: (-&~) (-) ~~ (--&) L6 - - to transmit New Year (adj.) message optimist ! last year diffieulty; hardship to snrmount; ovcrleap to cause, prodnce sorrow, grief demonstration collision, clash, conflict strike foundation to be threatened slwing up resignation; abdication to hllrr;, commander parachutist taxation displeased observer skiJ.lful, clever to exploit inahility, incapacity to revise, review admintstrative, executive

154. G REEK BASIC COURSE 71 -&6 () 6 - -6 () () 6 - - -&'J" (-) 6;' (-) (-) institution to concern, regard, relate to educational to announce, declare to spot worse National Assembly coworker, collaborator unHy rllpture, splitting, smashing, breaJdrg off ' ' ------------------- , 6 6 6 -& 6 6 6 6 6 -& -&, . 6 -& , . , , , , 6 -& -& -& . .-& -& , -& MacrIJI. , . : -& 'J" . , ~,7 ~ . ' 'J 6 . , npo:ma-&ouv - -& v 673

155. GREEK BASIC COURSE IJNIT l' . ' ~- $" t1 - ---- ' -- . , . , 6 ~ , . -- ~ , -- . , ~ ~. , " ' , . , , , . Grarnmatical Drills Fill in each b1.ank with the proper forrn of the woro given the right. If it is a , use the appropriate form of the article. }10uns: -- -- cr 'l> . . --. ~x ~ & o~ ' -- '. x--~ 3cr '--.:. oo3~ . ~ __ ' .: ! _______________ . . 674 cr -- :.

156. GREEK BASIC COURSE 3& 30U 6 - & . ot " ~ 6. ot ~&o ~~ x~ o~ _ 6 "3~. ot ' o~ & &. &xo~ ~J. Verbs: ' & 6 .&& 3& U 3U 3e1man Agrali & ~. ~ 6 oo~ o~ ~o. 3 ~ . ~To o~ o~ ~o o~. A~6 6 ~ f _ & 3 U & 3& 3 ~ . 675 7' & 6 ~o 6 ~ U ~o 3

157. GREEK BASIC COURSE Unit 72 lC (lC) ( ) 6 (-:) -& 6 -& (-) 9 -& (-) 6 6 tJ. 6 - - (-) 6 - -6 (-) 6 - -6 lnL 6 l6 - -6 ~ (-) 6 ,n (-) -& (-) participation criticize; blame to abstain; to be far from device day's wages regime; statl1s quo teacher sovereignty reform, reforrnation blIff bonb siJnilar, alike decentralisation peripheral receipt concentrating; centralizing most of the ti::le provincial reconstr1Jction bill to substitute openly to install; estabHsh

158. G REEK BASIC COURSE {'!nr 72 / J -&- a~ o~, ~ 6 ~o~, o~ , ~ -& o~ ~ -& ~x . -& c o~ ~ ~o.;-& 'X~- -&. , , . ~ o'Jt-& -&~ ~ ox~ -& -&: ~ -&& "'J -& ": , 6JJ -& -& . ~ ,! ,- '(. -&~ 'tt. ~ : L ~o ~ 'l~~ 1i -&o~ ~-& ~ a~&, -& o~ . , : ~ o~, -& n. ~o -& : . ' , -&J, ~ o~ -& -&~ ~ -&~ . 677

159. GREEK BASIC COURSE Grammatical Notes ~~~~.E~!. Noun -Tl1ird Declension ou- -&c; third declension noun -& is declined as follows: ~~::~:. lr. . -& -& G. -& , ~, , ~~o ~o. , ~ oo~ - , o~ , , ~ ~. "A~. 40 O~ ,, o~ & , ~ & ~ ~ , iJ &' o~ To~o . x~ ' '1. , ~~~ & , ~ a ~, ~ , o~ ~ ~o ~ ~ . "''1. 41 , , ~ & - 'JJJ, ? ~ ~o ~ ~ ~ J'l ;; ? . '1, 1- "t :: 'rt( . 'J . l,, & & 1t, & oo~ , ~ ~ ~ , 701

183. GREEK BASIC COURSE UNI'r 7?-a ~ 3& U " o~ x~2o ~ U ~U o~ , ~~E-, ~~ . lJnd to attack from the fak -- () convicti()n, trst, con- () fidence it i.s destined about, concerr.ng () deSCl'tn -- wOlJnded mnltitIlde, crowd fll, corplo 51 tn be inclJrlH(j, to inclLlde 53 6 ') () 75-3 aronnd to be Hr}tei limitation, ....estriction to fall into 65 66 () () -- () 725 completely to enrich drown, slffocate. cll0ke breath, broathi~~ f01tball, soccer desire, lnng

207. variolls G REEK BASIC COURSE conslI1ar / 75-8 to do, to make conc1nsion, ded!lcin., () resu1t () () () () & () () () . () 75- a :J 61 i ariolls was q.1Hy warship war (adj.) politics often, many times mllch ta1kect of valllahle, precious resollrces percentage sOTnetirr~s a[~ent to rrofess, believe to rrocee(l, a(iV"d nce 71 () () 54 () nPOcrYj1twv -& () -& 52 75 -& 75 nJ () 51 to canse, prluce seeing one off adaptation, adjllstment to attack, assai1 approach, approximation proper, due, fit addition additiona1 attached to assme, take, engage protection to protect to be added recent suitable, proper, usefu1 person to urge, incite 75 () () () to rse, offer, be- () budget, estimate g to appear forecast, foresicht, evident, obvious foreknw1edge ancos tor, forefather ora1, verba1 presidency Vi 69 to protect, preserve () o~o 54 -&