Landscape conservation

LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION

AR6009LANDSCAPE AND

ECOLOGY

WHAT IS LANDSCAPING?

Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land, including: Living elements- Flora and

fauna Natural elements- Landforms,

terrains, water bodies Human elements- Structures,

buildings, fences, etc. Abstract elements- Lighting,

weather, etc.

LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

THREATS TO LANDSCAPE…

Accelerated climatic changes has magnifying impacts on water and land resources, agricultural and biological diversities.Unprecedented scale, pace and complexity of resource management challenges-• Habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation• Invasive species• Contaminants• Hydrological impacts


WHAT IS CONSERVATION LANDSCAPING?Working with nature to reduce pollution, conservation landscaping incorporates environmentally sensitive design, low impact development, non-invasive native and beneficial plants, and integrated pest management to create diverse landscapes that help protect clean air and water, support wildlife, and provide a healthier and more beautiful human environment. Conservation landscaping supports clean air and

water by: • Using plants that are adapted to local conditions and thus

require less fertilizer and pesticides• Trapping localized storm water on site with rain barrels and

rain gardens to ensure slow percolation and increased filtration of nutrients entering the groundwater.


• Reducing the amount of smog released into the air and the amount of atmospheric deposition of nutrients into our water by reducing the amount of movable lawn area

Conservation landscaping supports wildlife by: • Providing a diverse plant environment that attracts greater

animal diversity and fosters healthier ecological communities • Creating migratory corridors of conjoined healthy ecological

communities. Conservation landscaping supports a healthier and

more beautiful human environment by: • Reducing the amount of pollution entering the environment. • Demonstrating the beauty of well-maintained, natural

landscaping.


THE EIGHT ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS…

A conservation landscape:

1. Is designed to benefit the environment and function efficiently and aesthetically for human use and well-being .2. Uses locally native plants that are appropriate for site conditions. 3. Institutes a management plan for the removal of existing invasive plants and the prevention of future nonnative plant invasions. 4. Provides habitat for wildlife. 5. Promotes healthy air quality and minimizes air pollution. 6. Conserves and cleans water. 7. Promotes healthy soils. 8. Is managed to conserve energy, reduce waste, and eliminate or minimize the use of pesticides and fertilizers.


METHODS TO CONSERVE LANDSCAPE…

SOIL CONSERVATION IS A SET OF MANAGEMENT STRATERGIES FOR PREVENTION OF SOIL BEING ERODED FROM THE EARTH’S SURFACE OR BECOMING CHEMICALLY ALTERED BY OVERUSE , ACIDIFICATION, SALINIZATION, SOIL EROSION OR OTHER SOIL CONTAMINATION TO RETAIN THE FERTILITY OF SOIL.SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES:

TERRACE FARMINGBROAD FLAT STEPS OR TERRACES ARE MADE ON THE STEEP SLOPES SO THE FLAT SURFACES ARE AVAILABLE TO GROW CROPS.THEY REDUCE SURFACE RUN OFF AND SOIL EROSION. THIS METHOD OF FARMING USES “STEPS”, CALLED ANDENE. ON EACH ANDEN, VARIOUS CROPS ARE PLANTED, AND WHEN IT RAINS, INSTEAD OF WASHING AWAY ALL OF THE NUTRIENT IN THE SOIL, THE NUTRIENTS ARE CARRIED DOWN TO THE NEXT LEVEL.


INTER CROPPINGDIFFERENT CROPS ARE GROWN IN ALTERNATE ROWS AND ARE SOWN AT DIFFERENT TIMES TO PROTECT THE SOIL FROM RAIN WASH. PLOUGHING PARALLEL TO THE COUNTOURS OF A HILL SLOPE TO FORM A NATURAL BARRIER FOR WATER TO FLOW DOWN THE SLOPE.CONTOUR FARMING IS THE FARMING PRACTICE OF PLOUGHING ACROSS A SLOPE FOLLOWING ITS ELEVATION CONTOUR LINES.


Terrace farming

Inter cropping

CROP ROTATIONCROP ROTATION IS THE PRACTICE OF GROWING A SERIES OF DISSIMILAR TYPES OF CROPS IN THE SAME AREA IN SEQUENTIAL SEASONS.A TRADITIONAL ELEMENT OF CROP ROTATION IS THE REPLENISHMENT OF NITROGEN THROUGH THE USE OF GREEN MANURE IN SEQUENCE WITH CEREALS AND OTHER CROPS. SHELTER BELTIN COASTAL AND DRY REGIONS,ROWS OF TREE ARE PLANTED TO CHECK THE WIND MOVEMENT TO PROTECT SOIL COVER. SHELTER BELT IS A PLANTATION USUALLY MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE ROWS OF TREES OR SHRUBS PLANTED IN A MANNER SO AS TO PROVIDE SHELTER FROM THE WIND AND TO PROTECT SOIL FROM EROSION.


Crop rotation

Shelter belt

MULCHING

THE BARE GROUND BETWEEN PLANTS IS COVERED WITH A LAYER OF ORGANIC MATTER LIKE STRAW.IT HELPS TO RETAIN SOIL MOISTURE.

MULCHING OF SOIL WITH AVAILABLE PLANT RESIDUES REDUCE SOIL LOSS CONSIDERABLY BY PROTECTING THE SOIL FROM DIRECT IMPACT OF RAINDROP AND REDUCING THE SEDIMENT CARRIED WITH RUN OFF.

CONTOUR BARRIER

STONES, GRASS, SOIL ARE USED TO BUILD BARRIERS ALONG CONTOURS.TRENCHES ARE MADE IN FRONT OF THE BARRIERS TO COLLECT WATER.

ROCK DAM

ROCKS ARE PILED UP TO SLOW DOWN THE FLOW OF WATER. THIS PREVENTS GULLIES AND FURTHER SOIL LOSS.


Rock Dam Mulching

WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES:

RAIN WATER HARVESTINGA SYSTEM WHICH COLLECTS RAIN WATER FROM THE ROOF OF A BUILDING AND STORES IT FOR REUSE.WATER COLLECTED IS THEN STORE IN A TANK , BEFORE BEING PUMPED AROUND THE BUILDING,AS AND WHEN REQUIRED.

GREY WATER RECYCLINGANY WATER THAT HAS BEEN USED IN A BUILDING EXCEPT WATER FROM TOILETS, IS CALLED GREY WATER.THIS MAY BE REUSED FOR OTHER PURPOSES , ESPECIALLY LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION.


WATERSHED MANAGEMENTTHE PROCESS OF CREATING AND IMPLEMENTING PLANS,PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS TO SUSTAIN AND ENHANCE WATERSHED FUNCTIONS THAT AFFECT THE PLANT, ANIMAL AND HUMAN COMMUNITIES WITHIN A WATERSHED BOUNDARY.

LAND USE PLANNING

REFERS TO RATIONAL AND JUDICIOUS APPROACH OF ALLOCATING AVAILABLE LAND RESOURCES TO DIFFERENT LAND USING ACTIVITIES AND FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS CONSISTENT WITH THE OVERALL DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF A PARTICULAR CITY.


CASE STUDY…

MANHATTAN BEACH STRAND - Ocean Friendly Garden PrinciplesOcean Friendly Gardens apply CPR: Conservation, Permeability, and Retention to revive our watersheds and oceans.Conservation of water, energy, and habitat through climate-adapted plants, spaced for mature growth. Permeability through healthy, biologically active soil, and utilizing materials for, or making a cut in, driveways, walkways, and patios that allow water to percolate into the soil. Retention devices like rain chains, rain barrels, and rain gardens retain water in the soil for the dry seasons or save it to water vegetables, preventing it from running off the property.


Elements of this garden design include:• Climate appropriate plants: Plant palette to be exclusively

California Native plants. Plants will provide food and habitat for native butterflies, birds, and bees.

• Site Grading and Infiltration Areas: The soil of the site is to be graded into subtle mounds and depressions, evocative of waves, with massing of plants following the contour and accentuating the grading. This manipulation of the ground plane allows for rainwater to infiltrate locally, for use by plant root systems, as well as percolate into the groundwater in the infiltration areas. No surface runoff is to be directed to impermeable surfaces or piped unfiltered into the ocean.


• Wood Mulch: Install 3”-4” shredded bark mulch for water conservation.

• Healthy Soil: Biological testing and compost tea application for living soil.

• Boulders and Gravel: Local boulders, if possible. • Recycled Broken Concrete: To be obtained locally, if

possible, for use in retaining soil around infiltration areas. • Drip Irrigation: For application directly to each plant,

reducing evaporation and overspray. • Smart Controller: Determines ET rate and adjusts irrigation

volume and frequency accordingly.


THANK YOU…

PRESENTED BY:AKSHAY.GANITTA.JARSHITA NARAYANASHWIN.S

Education

Landscape conservation