Landscape assignments

ASSIGNMENT - 1

Location : AIT, Hessarghatta, Soldevanhalli,Blore

MBA BLOCK

THE BLOCK MAPS

entrance

Entrance

All four sides circulation

• Main road side • Plantation bordering the structure to cut of noise and keep shady

• Flanked by steps

• Gives it an informal setting • The front entrance has small cubical structures used as seating and also to mark a boundary.

BUILDING ENTRANCE

• Living Elements: plants.

• Man-made Elements:

• 1. Pathway

• 2. Sitting

• An informal setting is created using elements that show coherence with the building and set this imaginary boundary to the exterior landscape and activity.

COURTYARD

• Living Elements:

• 1. Tree

• 2. Plants


• 1. steps

• 2. sitting area

An informal setting is again created with the building for gathering and other activities. Tress are provided for shade and protection from rain.

AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE BUILDING • Living Elements:

1. Trees

2. Shrubs.

• Man-Made Elements:

1. Pathway

2. Pavement

3. Sitting

4. Sculpture

NEXT TO THE BUILDING - EXTERIOR


1. Trees

2. Shrubs

3. Ornamental plants


1. Pavement

2. Sitting blocks

Low lying trees that provide shade for the informal seating given are used here. These trees also cut of noise and transparency from the outside to the inside to create a quiet interference free environment within.. It has adjoining open to sky courts.

OPEN LANDSCAPED AREA CONNECTING INTERIOR OF BUILDING WITH EXTERIOR


1. Plants

2. Trees

• Physical Elements:

1. Rocks


1. Pavements

2. Sitting area

3. pathway

The MBA block has many such small open courtyards with give relief to the eye and also has immense climatologically aspects. Here physical elements like rocks are used to give it a natural terrain outlook with low shrubs. Heavy and thick foliage is not used so as to not cut of sunlight .

OPEN LANDSCAPED AREA CONNECTING INTERIOR OF BUILDING WITH EXTERIOR • Living Elements:

1. Plants

• Physical Elements:

1. Rocks

Landscaping is done all along the corridor with walls punctured in between to allow the exterior flow inside into the built envelope to get it a unified look. Again here rocks and shrubs are used to preserve the effect of natural terrain.

INTERIOR COURTYARD


• 1. Plants

• Abstract Elements:

• 1. natural light


• 1. sitting slab

• 2. building

These open spaces help in ventilation. The plants used here are higher than the rest used elsewhere. It helps to cut of disturbance from one to another when the windows open directly into the courtyard.

TYPES OF PLANTS & TREES USED Types of shrubs used to create a natural environment within the built environment and also can be ornamental in character

Trees that cut of sound and help as a shading device. Also ornamental if used in certain ways.

TYPES OF PLANTS & TREES USED

The landscape done within enhances the interior temperature of the building.

Hot air

Courtyard effect

Cool air Cool air

CLIMATIC ASPECTS

building

courtyard

Low sound

High levels of sound

NOISE LEVELS

Noise level – heavy foliage outside cuts out noise and keeps the building cool

ASSIGNMENT - 2 • Landscape • Roof gardens and vertical

gardens

ROOF GARDENS • A roof garden is any garden on the roof of a building. Besides the decorative benefit, roof plantings may provide • food, • temperature control, • hydrological benefits, • architectural enhancement, • habitats or corridors for wildlife, • and recreational opportunities.

The practice of cultivating food on the rooftop of buildings is sometimes referred to as rooftop farming.

• Rooftop farming is usually done using green

roof, hydroponics, aeroponics or air-dynaponics systems or container gardens.

• Besides using the already present space at the roof itself, additional platforms could possibly be created between high-rise buildings called "aero-bridges".

Origin • Humans have grown plants atop structures since

antiquity. The ziggurats of ancient Mesopotamia(4th millennium BC–600 BC) had plantings of trees and shrubs on aboveground terraces.

• An example in Roman times was the Villa of the Mysteries in Pompeii, which had an elevated terrace where plants were grown. A roof garden has also been discovered around an audience hall in Roman-Byzantine Caesarea.

• The medieval Egyptian city of Fustat had a number of high-rise buildings that Nasir Khusraw in the early 11th century described as rising up to 14 stories, with roof gardens on the top story.

Climatology

• Roof gardens are most often found in urban environments. Plants have the ability to reduce the overall heat absorption of the building which then reduces energy consumption.

• The primary cause of heat build-up in cities is insolation, the absorption of solar radiation by roads and buildings in the city and the storage of this heat in the building material and its subsequent re-radiation.

• Plant surfaces however, as a result of transpiration, do not rise more than 4–5 °C above the ambient and are sometimes cooler. This then translates into a cooling of the environment between 3.6 and 11.3 degrees Celsius , depending on the area on earth (in hotter areas, the environmental temperature will cool more).

• A roof garden can delay run off; reduce the rate and volume of run off.

Assuming fig A as our built envelope

Roof garden

Fig A

Exterior heat Reduces the interior heat and temp , keeping it cool all around the year with very little energy cost

Cool air

Hot air seeping through the building

As in moves downward , it cool the levels beneath , all in an eco-friendly manner

Sections

ROOF GARDEN SYSTEMS

Green roof • A green roof or living roof is a roof of

a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium, planted over a waterproofing membrane.

• It may also include additional layers such as a rootbarrier and drainage and irrigation systems.

• There are two types of green roofs:

– intensive roofs, which are thicker and can support a wider variety of plants but are heavier and require more maintenance, and

– extensive roofs, which are covered in a light layer of vegetation and are lighter than an intensive green roof.

• The term green roof may also be used to indicate roofs that use some form of green technology, such as

– a cool roof,

– a roof with solar thermal collectors

– or photovoltaic panels.

INTENSIVE

EXTENSIVE

Urban Fabric

• Becoming green is a high priority for urban planners. The environmental and aesthetic benefits to cities is the prime motivation. It was calculated that "the temperature in Tokyo could be lowered by 0.11–0.84 °C (0.2-1.51 °F) if 50% of all available rooftop space were planted with greenery. This would lead to a savings of approximately 100 million yen per day in the city's electricity bill.

• Singapore is very active in green urban development. Roof gardens present possibilities for carrying the notions of nature and open space further in tall building development.

• The planters on a roof garden may be designed for a variety of functions and vary greatly in depth to satisfy aesthetic and recreational purposes. These planters can hold a range of ornamental plants: anything from trees, shrubs, vines, or an assortment of flowers. As aesthetics and recreation are the priority they may not provide the environmental and energy benefits of a green roof.

• Planting on roof tops can make urban living more self-sufficient and make fresh vegetables more accessible to urban people.

• In an accessible rooftop garden, space becomes available for localized small-scale urban agriculture, a source of local food production. An urban garden can supplement the diets of the community it feeds with fresh produce and provide a tangible tie to food production. At Trent University, there is currently a working rooftop garden which provides food to the student café and local citizens.

• Available gardening areas in cities are often seriously lacking, which is likely the key impetus for many roof gardens. The garden may be on the roof of an autonomous building which takes care of its own water and waste.

Drought tolerant

• Hydroponics and other alternative methods can expand the possibilities of roof top gardening by reducing, for example, the need for soil or its tremendous weight.

• Plantings in containers are used extensively in roof top gardens. Planting in containers prevents added stress to the roof's waterproofing.

• For those who live in small apartments with little space, square foot gardening, or (when even less space is available) living walls (vertical gardening) can be a solution.

Hydroponics

• Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture and is a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil.

• Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium, such as

– perlite,

– grave,

– mineral wool,

– expanded clay pebbles

– or coconut husk.

• Aeroponics is the process of growing plants

in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate medium. The word "aeroponic" is derived from the Greek meanings of aero- (air) and ponos (labour).

• Aeroponic culture differs from both conventional hydroponics, aquaponics. Unlike hydroponics, which uses a liquid nutrient solution as a growing medium and essential minerals to sustain plant growth; or aquaponics which uses water and fish waste, aeroponics is conducted without a growing medium.

Aeroponics

• Container gardening is the practice of growing plants exclusively in containers instead of planting them in the ground.

• Pots, traditionally made of terracotta but now more commonly plastic, and windowboxes have been the most commonly seen. Small pots are commonly called flowerpots.

• In some cases, this method of growing is used for ornamental purposes. This method is also useful in areas where the soil or climate is unsuitable for the plant or crop in question.

Container gardens

Choice of plants A wide variety of plants can be used for growing on roof tops but it is necessary to choose the plants with shallow root system which will not penetrate the roof floor in long run. At the same time, it is also advisable to grow such plants that flower at various periods of year and are very easily be maintained at roof top. Delicate plants must be avoided for this purpose. The following plants are well suited for such type of gardening:

Foliage plants: Asparagus, coleus, croton, diffenbachia, dracena, paperomias, philodendron rubber plant, etc. Flowering plants: Seasonal flowers like antirrhinum, aster, balsam, calendula, celosia, cosmos, daisy, dianthus, gaillardia, marigold nasturtium, pansy, phlox, verbena, zinnia, etc., and perennial flowers like carnation, chrysanthemum, dahlia, rose, tuberose, etc. Shrubs: Acalypha, bougainvillea, camellia, china rose, geranium, jasmine lantana, etc. Trees: Ashoka tree, bottle brush, chrismis tree, silk cotton tree, etc. Climbers: Antigonon, begnonia, gloriosa, ipomea and passiflora, etc. Cactii and succulents: Agave, aloe, kalanchoe, opuntia, cehpalocereus, notocactus nyctocereus, etc. Fruits: Gooseberry, strawberry, peach, pear, pineapple pomegranate, etc. Vegetables: Bringal, broccoli, chillies, lettuce, tomoto, etc.

VERTICAL GARDENS/ GREEN WALLS

•A vertical garden is a wall, either free-standing or part of a building, that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and, in some cases, soil or an inorganic growing medium. •The concept of the green wall dates back to 600 BC with the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

INTRODUCTION

•Stanley Hart White holds the first known patent for a green wall, or vertical garden, conceptualizing this new garden type as a solution to the problem of modern garden design.

Vertical roof

Exterior heat environment

Brings down the interior temperature

Reduces the thermal mass of the built envelope

Cools the exterior façade of the building

Heat waves

BUILDING ENVELOPE – INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR CLIMATE

• The larger green walls concept has been utilized with innovative hydroponics [a method of growing plants using mineral nutrient solutions, in water, without soil] technology

• The vegetation for a green façade is always attached on outside walls; with living walls this is also usually the case, although some living walls can also be green walls for interior use

• For living walls there are many methods including attaching to the air return of the building to help with air filtration. They are also referred to as living walls, biowalls, vertical gardens or more scientifically VCW (vertical vegetated complex walls).

TYPES OF VERTICAL GARDENS •There are two main categories of green walls: green façades

and living walls. • Green façades are made up of climbing plants either growing directly on a wall or, more recently, specially designed supporting structures •With a living wall the modular panels are often made of stainless steel containers, geotextiles, irrigationsystems, a growing medium and vegetation

There are three types of growth media used in living walls: loose media, mat media and structural media. *Loose media - Loose medium systems have their soil packed into a shelf or bag and then are installed onto the wall. These systems require their media to be replaced at least once a year on exteriors and approximately every two years on interiors

Mat media •- Mat media are quite thin, even in multiple layers, and as such cannot support vibrant root systems of mature plants for more than three to five years before the roots overtake the mat and water is not able to adequately wick through the mats. • -These systems are best used on the interior of a building and are a good choice in areas with low seismic activity with small plants that will not grow to a weight that could rip the mat apart under their own weight over time

• The vertical garden can also be designed to

act as a sound barrier between two spaces.

• As the plants grow to maturity, they will help absorb more sound and create a more intimate space.

• Vegetables

• Many varieties of vegetables can be used in vertical gardens. Examples include cherry tomatoes, pole beans, snap peas, cucumber, squash and zucchini.

• A few varieties of smaller fruits can be grown as vertical plants in a garden. Grapes and berries are common. Small melons can be supported by a vertical framework. Fruits use an arbor, or large trellis to support the woody vines.

• Ivy

• There are many types of ivy used for vertical gardening. English ivy is one of the more well-known. Boston ivy, honeysuckle, Virginia creeper and trumpet vines.

• Flowering

• Flowering plants are often used as landscaping in vertical gardens. Morning glory, nasturtium, climbing roses, jasmine, wisteria and sweet pea are examples of flowering vines

PLANTS THAT CAN BE USED

LANDSCAPE

ASSIGNMENT – 3 TREES, SHRUBS, GRASS, GROUND COVER

SUBMITTED BY, Archana Menon L Srilekha Sandie George

BOTANICAL NAME

Lagerstroemia speciosa Colvillea racemosa GREVILLEA ROBUSTA PACHIRA SAITHIFOLIA

COMMON NAME jarul colville SILVER OAK Malabar chestnut Money tree

STRUCTURE

DESIGN QUALITY • Ornamental tree • Medium sized , smooth flaky

bark. • Leaves are deciduous.

• Coppery bark, bright orange flowers which grows in cone or cylindrical shape

• Small deep green leaves.

•Used to form shady avenues. Used as ornamental tree.

SEASONAL CHARACTERIS- -TICS

•Grown in tropical and sub tropical areas

•adapts well to different conditions. •needs plenty of sunlight

•prefers full sun •grows best in warm zones. •occasional water.

It is a durable plant and adapts well to different conditions..

GROWTH •small to medium-sized •deciduous, oval to The flowers are white to purple.

•After flowering, the tree produces long, flat, woody seed pods. •The tree has small deep green leaves

•It is a fast-growing evergreen tree

shiny green palmate leaves with lanceolate leaflets smooth green bark.

HEIGHT •20m

•3.6-12m •18-35m Upto 18 m

BOTANICAL NAME

Dillenia indica Parmentiera cereifera Hevea brasiliensis Magnolia grandiflora

COMMON NAME ELEPHANT APPLE Candle tree RUBBER TREE MAGNOLIA

STRUCTURE

DESIGN QUALITY • Leaves are 15-30 cm with corrugated surface with impressed vein.

• Fruit is edible. • Medium sized tree

commonly cultivated specimen in botanical gardens.

• Oval leaves • Buttressing roots • Aerial roots

• It's trunk is typically straight and erect with spreading branches that form a dense, broadly pyramidal crown.

• It has large, thick, leathery dark green leaves which are up to 10 inches long.


•Evergreen large shrub or medium sized tree

• Heavy rainfall • Evergreen tree.

GROWTH borne on winged petioles The flower is solitary or borne in a cluster of up to four. The fruit is a taper-shaped berry up to 60 centimeters long.

300 years In the spring, they have a golden to rust color on their undersides.

HEIGHT • Upto 15m 6m Upto 30 m 30m

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petiole_(botany)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berry

BOTANICAL NAME

Coccoloba uvifera Artocarpus heterophyllus

COMMON NAME SEA GRAPE JACK FRUIT TREE

STRUCTURE

DESIGN QUALITY •Coccoloba uvifera is wind resistant,[3] moderately tolerant of shade, and highly tolerant of salt •it is also planted as an ornamental shrub

• Largest tree borne fruit • Thick bark • Fruit is edible


•Capable of surviving down to approximately 2 °C, the tree is unable to survive frost.

• Tropical lowland

GROWTH •The leaves turn reddish before falling. •dioecious species

HEIGHT •6-9m • Upto 30 m

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coccoloba_uvifera

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halophyte

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_chloride

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ornamental_plant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioecious

BOTANICAL NAME

ANDROMEDA

ANGEL'S TRUMPET

BAMBOO PALM

BANANA SHRUB

COMMON NAME

STRUCTURE

DESIGN QUALITY BROADLEAF EVERGREEN SHRUB WHITE, PINK

SIMPLY TREAT IT AS AN EXOTIC

CREATE A TEXTURAL BACKDROP

THE EVERGREEN SHRUB'S FLUSH OF FLOWERS


WHITE, PINK

WHITE, YELLOW, PINK, ORANGE, AND CREAM

GREEN

YELLOW/GOLD, PINK/ROSE, BICOLOR

GROWTH SLOW GROWING SPRING ACIDIC SOIL

FAST GROWING SPRING WELL-DRAINED SOIL

FAST GROWING ANY FOUNDATION SOIL

FAST GROWING SUMMER ,SPRING WELL-DRAINED SOIL

HEIGHT 12’

6’

10’

4-5’

BOTANICAL NAME

BARBERRY

BEAUTYBERRY

BOXWOOD

BUTTERFLY BUSH

COMMON NAME

STRUCTURE

DESIGN QUALITY FINE-TEXTURED BRANCHES OF PURPLE-RED

CLUSTERS OF SMALL VIOLET-PURPLE FRUITS.

AN EVERGREEN SHRUB IDEAL FOR SCULPTING

DRENCHING THE AIR WITH A FRUITY SCENT


YELLOW/GOLD, RED/PURPLE LEAVES, YELLOW LEAVES, VARIEGATED LEAVES

PINK/ROSE

WHITE, BLUE-GREEN LEAVES, VARIEGATED LEAVES

WHITE, PINK/ROSE, BLUE/VIOLET/LAVENDER, RED

GROWTH FAST GROWING SPRING DROUGHT

FAST GROWING SUMMER ANY


FAST GROWING SUMMER EXTRA-FERTILE SOIL

HEIGHT 6’

6’

15’

5-15’

BOTANICAL NAME

CAROLINA ALLSPICE

CRAPE MYRTLE

DAMIANITA

DEUTZIA

COMMON NAME

STRUCTURE

DESIGN QUALITY STRONGLY FRAGRANT DARK RED FLOWERS

THE BRIGHTEST BLOOMING AND MOST HEAT-TOLERANT TREES

ITS SUNNY-YELLOW DAISY-SHAPE BLOOMS UNFURL ALMOST YEAR-ROUND.

A WATERFALL OF WHITE SPRING BLOSSOMS ON CASCADING BRANCHES


BURGUNDY-RED FLOWERS

REDDISH PEELING BARK AND SMOOTH TRUNK

YELLOW

LARGE WHITE FLOWERS

GROWTH FAST GROWING SUMMER WELL-DRAINED SOIL

FAST GROWING SUMMER WELL-DRAINED SOIL

FAST GROWING SUMMER WELL-DRAINED SOIL


HEIGHT 8’

5-8’

2’

2-10’

BOTANICAL NAME

STRUCTURE

DESIGN QUALITIES

SEASONAL CHARACTERS

OTHER QUALITIES

ECOLOGICAL VALUES

GROWTH CLIMATE SOIL

SPAN,HEIGHT

CREEPING BENTGRASS

BENTGRASS IS A FINE-TEXTURED, COOL-SEASON SPECIES

BENTGRASS IS THE FINEST-BLADED, LOWEST-GROWING

IT MAKES A NICE LOOKING LAWN. WITH FREQUENT MOWING, WATERING, DETHATCHING, AND FERTILIZING

GOOD AIR CIRCULATION OVER THE SURFACE OF THE GRASS TO PREVENT DISEASE

FAST GROWING SPRING ANY

CANADA BLUEGRASS

¾”

IS A COLD-TOLERANT, FINE-TEXTURED BLUEGRASS WITH A CREEPING HABIT

ITS NATURAL GROWING RANGE IS WELL-ADAPTED

WAS ORIGINALLY INTRODUCED AS A SOURCE OF FORAGE FOR DRY PASTURES WITH POOR SOIL.

FULL SUN IS BEST, BUT WILL TOLERATE SOME SHADE

FAST GROWING SPRING ANY

3-4”

BAHIAGRASS

IS A TOUGH, COARSE-TEXTURED

BAHIAGRASS SPREADS SLOWLY BY RHIZOMES

BAHIAGRASS HAS SOME SHADE TOLERANCE AND FORMS A THICK TURF THAT CROWDS OUT WEEDS WITHOUT CREATING THATCH

FULL SUN, TOLERATES SOME SHADE


2-3”

CENTIPEDEGRASS

S A COARSE-TEXTURED, LIGHT GREEN GRASS THAT SPREADS BY STOLONS.

THIS GRASS IS SOMETIMES CALLED "LAZY MAN'S GRASS"

HAS SHALLOW ROOTS, SO IT HAS NO REAL DROUGHT TOLERANCE

FULL SUN


2-3.5’

BOTANICAL NAME

STRUCTURE

DESIGN QUALITIES

SEASONAL CHARACTERS

OTHER QUALITIES

ECOLOGICAL VALUES

GROWTH CLIMATE SOIL

SPAN,HEIGHT

THYME

THIS SUN-LOVING, DROUGHT-TOLERANT HERB CARPETS HILLSIDES

BLOOMS ARE BLUISH-PURPLE TO PINK

FLOWERS,ATTRACTIVE FOLIAGE,FRAGRANT,DRIED FLOWERS

INTRODUCES A SAVORY FLAVOR TO DISHES, SUCH AS ROASTED VEGETABLES, SOUPS.

FAST GROWING ANY WELL-DRAINED SOIL

3-12”

SWEET WOODRUFF

SWEET WOODRUFF IS THE PERFECT GROUNDCOVER FOR ADDING FRAGRANCE TO YOUR BACKYARD.

THE LEAVES ARE CRUSHED THEY SMELL LIKE FRESHLY MOWN HAY

FLOWERS,ATTRACTIVE FOLIAGE,FRAGRANT,DRIED FLOWERS, THIS IS ONE PLANT THAT ISN'T PRONE TO INVASIVENESS AND TENDS TO FORM WELL-MANNERED CLUMPS.


12”

BRASS BUTTONS

TINY, FINE-TEXTURED FOLIAGE THAT'S TINGED BLACK AND BUTTON-SHAPE

BRONZE-COLOR FLOWERS

FLOWERS,ATTRACTIVE FOLIAGE,FRAGRANT,DRIED FLOWERS

IT TOLERATES SOME DEGREE OF TRAFFIC, SO YOU CAN WALK ON IT.


12”

DEADNETTLE

FREE-BLOOMING DEADNETTLES ENLIVEN DIFFICULT PLACES IN SUN OR SHADE.

THE TRIANGULAR GREEN LEAVES ARE SPLASHED WITH SILVER, OR THEY ARE SILVER-RIMMED OR VEINED WITH EMERALD.

FLOWERS,ATTRACTIVE FOLIAGE,FRAGRANT,ATTRACTS BUTTERFLIES

DEADNETTLES HAVE UNFAIRLY GOTTEN A BAD NAME FOR BEING INVASIVE AND SOMEWHAT WEEDY


8-24”

Education

Landscape assignments