Laminates and veneers

Contents:

Resin bonded ply woodTypes of laminatesLaminatedwood Insulating boards and other

miscellaneous boards, Veneers from different varieties of

timber, their characteristics and uses.MDF& HDF Boards.

Resin bonded plywood

Plywood that has layers bonded together with resin is called resin bonded plywood.Nine ply marine is bonded together and it may have an oak veneer like the seat board in a bow window.

Uses*Plywood is a tremendously useful contruction material, used in building houses, furniture, and many other things. Since it is made by gluing wood together in sheets, plywood can be effectively any size that you want, and it does not tend to warp since it is made with layers having an alternating grain direction.

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LAMINATES

A laminate is a material that can be constructed by uniting two or more layers of material together. The process of creating a laminate islamination, which in common parlance refers to the placing of something between layers of plastic and gluing them with heat, pressure, and an adhesive

Materials

There are different lamination processes, depending on the type of materials to be laminated. The materials used in laminates can be the same or different, depending on the processes and the object to be laminated.

Plywood is a common example of a laminate using the same material in each layer. Glued and laminated dimensioned timber is used in the construction industry to make wooden beams, Glulam, with sizes larger and stronger than can be obtained from single pieces of wood. Another reason to laminate wooden strips into beams is quality control, as with this method each and every strip can be inspected before it becomes part of a highly stressed component such as an aircraft undercarriage.

Examples of laminate materials include Formica and plywood. Formica and similar plastic laminates are used in the production of decorative laminates, using either a high or low pressure thermo-processing system. Decorative laminates  are produced with kraft papers and decorative papers with a layer of overlay on top of the decorative paper, set before pressing them with thermoprocessing into high-pressure decorative laminates.[1]

High-pressure laminates consists of laminates "molded and cured at pressures not lower than 1,000 lb per sq in. (70 kg per sq cm) and more commonly in the range of 1,200 to 2,000 lb per sq in. (84 to 140 kg per sq cm).[2]Meanwhile, low Pressure laminate is defined as "a plastic laminate molded and cured at pressures in general of 400 pounds per square inch (approximately 27 atmospheres or 2.8 x 106 pascals).[3]

InventionLamination was invented by Dr. Morris

M. Blum, DDS, a dentist in 1938. Although it may sound surprising, it turns out that dental laminate was the inspiration for the first lamination of a photograph. Dr. Blum used clear resin that was normally used for capping and bonding teeth to laminate a photograph of his wife. He is recognized to this date for his contributions with a special scholarship fund at the University of Minnesota.

Types of wood Laminates

There are two basic categories of wood laminate---real wood and man-made. Both have positives and negatives, but both are good alternatives to the more expensive hardwood.

Real Wood Wood laminates incorporate a thin layer of real wood like oak or

maple and glue that onto a plywood base for added strength. The cost is lower than hardwood due to the fact that only the top layer is real wood, but because it does use some high-end wood it's more expensive than man-made laminates. Also, because of the natural quality of real wood, grain and coloring varies with each piece.

Man-Made Man-made laminates are generally cheaper than wood laminate,

but there is still expense because of the nature of manufacturing. They offer many advantages to wood laminate including being more resistant to stains, burns, scratches and denting. Because this is a man-made product, wood grains and coloring can be more easily balanced to improve the look of the flooring. Man-made is also a more environmentally friendly surface because little actual wood is used in its creation.

LAMINATED WOOD

Laminated wood is usually built by the parallel gluing of lumber boards in a variety of sizes and shapes according to intended use. The main products are load-carrying members, such as beams and arches.

Features: section 68 mm x 83 mm for windows and

68 mm x 110 mm for doors. Exterior doors have double profile in the

bottom of the frame, which provide resistance to large openings (1000-1250 mm width on the fold)

laminated wood humidity 8% to 12 maximum at the processing time;

thermal coefficient 0.4 W / m 2 K for profiles of softwood and 0.55 W / m 2 K for profiles of hardwood;

Advantages of laminated wood:Laminated wood is safer, more durable and more

resistant over time. Laminated wood, by definition, turned right on Joiner

items, destroying the myth "that works" so has solved the problems of bending, warp, and no longer work in good time to creating further inconvenience.

Laminated wood has a compact organic internal structure , stand in the natural environment without suffering major changes of properties over time.

Wood laminated permanent breathing, no condensation on the profile almost never do.

Laminated wood is now detaching themselves categorically from other building materials used in carpentry by natural, unique aesthetic fiber and color.

Laminated wood allows the creation of shapes, textures and unique colors in the carpentry area and beyond. This can get round such as the radius of 300 mm, which on other systems carpentry (pvc, aluminum is unsustainable).

Laminated wood doors can be personalized by each dream, freedom of movement in creative has no limits here.

Laminated wood is for lifetime . Thus using a kit for rebuilding annual basis, based on applicable safety heaven with a simple cloth, you can protect woodwork annually without the need for repainting time. We have this kit permanently.

Laminated wood is 100% organic Laminated wood not dilate, so system stability is

assured regardless of the season.

DIFFRENCES BETWEEN LAMINATE AND VANEER

Laminates are available in thick sheets(0.80- 1mm).

These are available in many varieties.

Available in many colours.

these are little cheaper than veneers.

varies between Rs.950 to 1500

needs no polishIt has smooth and shiny

surface

Veeners are available in thin sheets(0.40-0.60mm).

These are available in less varieties than laminates.

Available in less colours than laminate.

these are costlier.

varies between Rs.800 to 2400

needs polishIt has rough surface

VeneerIn woodworking, veneer refers to thin

slices of wood, usually thinner than 3 mm (1/8 inch), that typically are glued onto core panels (typically, wood, particle board or medium-density fiberboard) to produce flat panels such as doors, tops and panels for cabinets, parquet floors and parts of furniture. They are also used in marquetry.

Plywood consists of three or more layers of veneer, each glued with its grain at right angles to adjacent layers for strength. Veneer beading is a thin layer of decorative edging placed around objects, such as jewelry boxes. Veneer is also a type of manufactured board.

Veneer is obtained either by "peeling" the trunk of a tree or by slicing large rectangular blocks of wood known as flitches. The appearance of the grain and figure in wood comes from slicing through the growth rings of a tree and depends upon the angle at which the wood is sliced.

A rotary lathe in which the wood is turned against a very sharp blade and peeled off in one continuous or semi-continuous roll. Rotary-cut veneer is mainly used for plywood, as the appearance is not desirable because the veneer is cut concentric to the growth rings.

A slicing machine in which the flitch or piece of log is raised and lowered against the blade and slices of the log are made. This yields veneer that looks like sawn pieces of wood, cut across the growth rings; such veneer is referred to as "crown cut".

A half-round lathe in which the log or piece of log can be turned and moved in such a way as to expose the most interesting parts of the grain.

Each slicing processes gives a very distinctive type of grain, depending upon the tree species..

Historically veneers were also sawn, but this is more wasteful of wood. Veneering is an ancient art, dating back to the ancient Egyptians who used veneers on their furniture and sarcophagi.

Historically veneers were also sawn, but this is more wasteful of wood. Veneering is an ancient art, dating back to the ancient Egyptians who used veneers on their furniture and sarcophagi.

Producing wood veneers

The finest and rarest logs are sent to companies that produce veneer. The advantage to this practice is twofold. First, it provides the most financial gain to the owner of the log. Secondly, and of more importance to the woodworker, it greatly expands the amount of usable wood. While a log used for solid lumber is cut into thick pieces, usually no thinner than 1 1/8 inches (3 cm), veneers are cut as thin as 1/40 of an inch (0.6mm). Depending on the cutting process used by the veneer manufacturer, very little wood is wasted by the saw blade thickness, known as the saw kerf. Accordingly the yield of a rare grain pattern or wood type is greatly increased, in turn placing less stress on the resource. Some manufacturers even use a very wide knife to "slice off" the thin veneer pieces. In this way, none of the wood is wasted. The slices of veneer are always kept in the order in which they are cut from the log and are often sold this way.

Types of veneers

There are a few types of veneers available and each serves a purpose.

A: Raw veneer has no backing on it and can be used with either side facing up. It is important to note that the two sides will appear different when a finish has been applied, due to the cell structure of the wood

B: Paper backed veneer is as the name suggests, veneers that are backed with paper. The advantage to this is it is available in large sizes, or sheets, as smaller pieces are joined together prior to adding the backing. This is helpful for users that do not wish to join smaller pieces of raw veneers together. This is also helpful when veneering curves and columns as the veneer is less likely to crack.

C: Phenolic backed veneer is less common and is used for composite, or manmade wood veneers. Due to concern for the natural resource, this is becoming more popular. It too has the advantage of being available in sheets, and is also less likely to crack when being used on curves.

D: Laid up veneer is raw veneer that has been joined together to make larger pieces. The process is time-consuming and requires great care, but is not difficult and requires no expensive tools or machinery. Veneers can be ordered through some companies already laid up to any size, shape or design.

Timber Veneer, Main Types of Veneers

In woodworking or interior decorating parlance, a timber veneer is referring to any thin slices of wood that are glued onto a core panel. This gives the appearance of wood on a variety of different surfaces, including furniture, cabinets, flooring, and other decorative aspects of the home. Plywood is one such example of veneers that many people are familiar with. This combines at least three layers of veneer that are glued together. However, one layer may be applied to particleboard or fibreboard for a similar appearance at a low cost.

There are several different types of timber veneer to choose from, if you are interested in gaining the classic type of look that veneers can give you. Raw veneers have no backing on them, and are used with one or the other side facing up. These can then have an extra finish applied to them after they have been applied to whatever surface you are working on. However, itís more common to use the type of veneers that do have a backing on them, because these tend to be easier to apply to any surface that you desire.

Paper backed veneers are one example of this type of timber veneer. They may be purchased in large sizes or sheets, which can then be cut down to size according to your specific needs. For example, these are far easier to use if you are covering any curved surfaces, which are often found in columns or furniture, because the veneer wonít crack. These are also preferred by those that donít want to have to worry about joining smaller pieces of the raw veneers together, which can be a more intensive process than a beginner wants to take on.

* A third type of timber veneer that you might see in frequent use is the type with a phenolic backing. These are used as an alternative to paper or other natural resources, for the environmentally conscious. Finally, laid up veneers are another type of raw veneer, but they have already been put together to form larger pieces. It takes some care to handle these types of veneers, but with the proper instruction even beginners should be able to make use of these veneers. If you are unsure of what type of veneer will be the best for your needs, itís a good idea to consult with a professional service who might be able to give you some guidance.

Medium-density fibreboard Medium-density fibreboard (MDF) is an 

engineered wood product formed by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into wood fibres, often in adefibrator, combining it with wax and a resin binder, and forming panels by applying high temperature and pressure.[1]

 MDF is denser than plywood. It is made up of separated fibres, but can be used as a building material similar in application to plywood. It is stronger and much more dense than normalparticle board.

The name derives from the distinction in densities of fibreboard. Large-scale production of MDF began in the 1980s.

High-density fibreboard Hardboard, also called high-density

fiberboard (HDF), not to be confused with 'hardwood', is a type of fiberboard, which is an engineered woodproduct.

It is similar to particle board and medium-density fiberboard, but is denser and much stronger and harder because it is made out of exploded wood fibersthat have been highly compressed. Consequently, the density of hardboard is 31 lbs. or more per cubic foot (500 kg/m³)[1] and is usually about 50-65 lbs. per cubic foot (800-1040 kg/m³). It differs from particle board in that the bonding of the wood fibers requires no additional materials,[2] although resinis often added. Unlike particle board, it will not split or crack. It is used in construction and furniture. Hardboard is produced in either a wet or dry process. The wet process leaves only one smooth side while the dry processed hardboard is smooth on both sides.

BY…..Harika Singh.BSri Lakshmi Durga.GLahari DharanipragadaMahajabeen.Sulochana.T