Jump aboad 6 1st term

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J u m p A b o a r d 6 1 s t t e r m P a g e 1

JUMP ABOARD 6

Unit one

in the cupboard

meaning A E

it used for store clothes دوالب cupboard something that mustn’t be known سر secret

written or spoking piece of information رسالة message the teaching of training people to be fit تربية رياضية physical education

a hollow metal that make a ringing sound الجرس the bell the study of numbers , shapes etc الرياضيات maths turn eyes to particular direction يدقق النظر look out of the climate of place الطقس weather

to come with something يحضر bring no light مظلم dark

the oppiste of outside بالداخل inside a suit for sports زى رياضى tracksuit

not happy حزين –غضبان fed up an insect عنكبوت spider don’t like يكره hate almost the same يبدو مثل look like strange عجيب weird I’ don’t know ال اعرف search me not clean قذر dirty

style of clothes زى costume to feel afraid of something يصاب بالخوف score to move تهب blow sports such as running, jumping and throwing العاب القوى athletics tools معدات equipment a piece of wood for hitting the ball مضرب الكرة bat use to hit the ball مضرب racket a stick for golf عصا الجولف club a competition بطولة Championship

sick for golf نصب تذكارى trophy

not usual خاص special

do something that shows skill محترف professional a school for special traning اكاديمية academy 12 o’clock in the middle of the day منتصف النهار midday


An animal or a birds kept at home حيوان اليف pet Physical exercise رياضة تقوية االجسام gymnastics A training of heavy lifting رفع االثقال Weight training Doing something many times مارسي practice A building that helps in doing sports مراكز الرياضة Sport facilities Soft shoes for doing sports حذاء رياضى –مدرب trainers A piece of metal for fighting سيف sword Old big building قلعة castle Disagree يرفض refuse The opposite of push يدفع pull The opposite of pull يسحب push Understand يدرك realize Something under the ground مدفون buried A man fight courageously فارس knight carful يرعى take care accept يوافق agree Turn into يتحول الى change to Something hard on the ground حجر stone competition , بطولةمسابقة tournament Can’t remember ينسى forget Something is true الحقيقة truth Sports supporters مشجعين Fans

The present simple tense

زمن المضارع البسيط

toالفعل بدون يتكون زمن المضارع البسيط من مصدر

We play - You watch - They write -I travel

( فإن الفعل he -she -it-Ahmed- Heba*أما إذا كان الفاعل مفرد غائب )

ينتهي بالنهايات التالية

-1((es إذا كان الفعل منتهيا بـــ (ss-sh-ch-o-x)

He watches - She goes - the boy washes

- the carpenter fixes - Huda crosses

-2(ies ) ( إذا كان الفعل منتهيا بــــــــ( y ساكن بحرفمسبوقة

He studies - She tries - the baby cries

-3((s لفعل منتهيا بغير ما سبقإذا كان ا

He reads - She writes - It drinks - The boy plays


* يستخدم زمن المضارع البسيط ليدل على

The earth goes round the sun حقائق ثابتة 1-

They play tennis everyday عادة 2--

He works as a doctor وظائف -3

الكلمات الدالة

Sometimes – usually – often – always – every – never – ever

- He sometimes visits his relatives. - They never shout in class.

- She often does her work properly. - He goes to school on time

everyday.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS &NEGATIVE في النفي don't, doesn'tفي االستفهام , do , doesتستخدم

They play tennis. He works hard.

@ Do they play tennis? @Does he work hard?

@Yes, they do. @ Yes, he does.

@No, they don't. @ No, he doesn't.

I have PE every week.

Who is the most famous footballer in Egypt?

Abu Treika.

** never ……………………………………………………………

** hardly ever ……………………………………………………..

** once a week …………………………………………………….

** few times a week………………………………………………..

How often do you use a computer ?

I hardly ever use a computer.

What about you ?

Do---- weight training/ karate

Special school----- for blind/ deaf / superior

Private school ----- pay a lot of money to join

Made a lot of friends

What is good about it ?

Arthur was sir Hector’s favourite.


The present continuous tense

زمن المضارع المستمر يتكون زمن المضارع المستمر من

am is V+ing is

are - I am reading a letter. @She is learning English now.

يستخدم زمن المضارع المستمر ليدل على

watching TV now -We ar ن وو وق الكامحدث يحدث اآل - 1

She is taking an- حدث سوف يحدث في المستقبل وقد تم اإلعداد له حاليا 2-

exam tomorrow. الكلمات الدالة على زمن المضارع المستمر

now - at the moment – at present– look – listen

*- Look ! Ahmed is coming.

*- Listen! Reham is singing.

*- They are studying French at the moment.

() وفعال ال تأتي في المضارع المستمر)بل تأتي في المضارع البسيط

See- hear- smell- notice- taste- know- understand- remember- love –

like – seem –cost

* I have a car. *Now I understand the question. *She seems happy

at the moment.

QUESTIONS & ANSWERS &NEGATIVE

تستخدم األفعال المساعدة لتكوين النفي و االستفهام *They are reading .

- Are they reading ? Yes, they are . No they aren't.

*She is going to school .

- Is she going to school ? Yes, she is. No she isn't.

===================================

* Always = 100 % I always gets the full marks

* Usually = 90% I usually ride a bike

* Sometimes = 50% I sometimes play volleyball

* Never = 0 % I never use a mobile in class

=================================== * every day = 100% I use a computer every day.

* afew time = 90% I use a computer a few time a week

* once a week = 50% I go to the cinema once a week

* hardly ever = 30% I hardly ever go for a run


Unit two

The magic spell meaning A E

human voice صوت ادمى voice choose somthing which is the best يلتقط pick up

the art of performing trucks سحر magic

to put in memory يتذكر remember

when we ask someone to speak , to continue ياتى come on feeling of being alone منعزل lonely alarge natural stream of water نهر river easy سهل simple

go to another place يتحرك لمكان اخر move away Shine as gold ذهبى golden

to form a particular word يتهجى spell something dangerous مشكلة problem a place where you can read or borrow books مكتبة library the opposit of appear = vanish يختفى disappear wooden stairs خشبي سلم ladder escape يهرب run out A large mass of water محيط ocean to remain in particular place ينتظر wait for a castle with sand as a fun قلعة من الرمل sandcastle the remain of dead animals under the ground حفريات fossils a musical instrument الة موسيقية »

>>سكسوفونsaxophone

not the same مختلف differnce wonderful عظيم great the sunrise غروب الشمس set a competition سباق race the light we have during the day ضوء النهار daylight participate شاركي take part a party for listing to music حفلة concert to do يؤدى perform

exciting – wonderful مذهل amazing something you can’t belive خدعة trick to get mony by work يكسب earn to have a husband or wife متزوج married you can accept the idea with your mind يصدق believe in a doctor who look after animals طبيب بيطرى vet


a place where a doctor work عيادة clinic a place where a magician performed his magic show

theatre مسرح

afraid of خائف من scared of dangerous creature وحش monster make sure يفحص check a lamp which can hold in hand بطارية torch metal money عملة coin a man who has a magic power ساحر wizard make fun of يسخر من laugh at drop يسقط fall off not interested ممل bored stop working يتوقف عن العمل break down poor man who serve the king خادم –عبد slave

a group of trees غابة forest stay along يرقد lay down make danger خطير dangerous

afraid of خائف frightened the opposit of hold down يرفع hold out something is sharp and very thin شوكة thorn catch يصطاد hunt men in army جنود soldiers bad man مجرم criminal very big ضخم enormous a great man امبراطور emperor make him free يحرر set free vert tired مرهق exhausted fall off يسقط fall over to begin the fight يهاجم attack a part from animal which attack with it مخلب paw bad feeling الم pain to control ياسر capture aplace of fighting حلبة arena can’t make a decision = astonished يندهش - يتحير amazed


Used to + inf

They used to fight

It used to make ice

He used to play football

form negative

didn’t use to + inf I didn’t use to enjoy french

Question form

Did use to + in Did you use to enjoy drawing

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = == = == = =

When & While

While-----past cont ---------past simple

Past cont Past simple When 1

Past simple Past cont While 2

Past cont Past cont While 3

1- When the phone rang, he was doing his homework.

2 - While he was doing his homework , the phone rang. 3- While he was doing his home work, he was listening to the radio.

, his sister was watching TV.

-= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =

=

= =

on at in

Friday - Monday

Holiday

weekend

7o’clock

seekendW

weekend The

night

The winter

The afternoon

Septemper

1975


People who / الذين / االتى ) للعاقل( الذى/ التى Things/animals which )الذى/ التى / الذين / االتى ) للغير العاقل Place where )حيث ) للمكان

Who – which – where

- A baker is a person who bakes bread

- A clinic is a place where people can see a doctor

- A camel is an animals which can live for along time without water

STUDY THE FOLLOWING:

- What’s going on?

- Kate used to play basketball?

- I was riding my bike when it started to rain.

- It is not as simple as that.

- When I was younger, I used to talk to my doll.

- Did you use to go to bed early?

- I use to -----------, I didn’t use to ---------------


Unit three

The recorder meaning A E

a type of musical instrument مزمار الة موسيقية , recorder

the place of study معمل – مكان الدراسة study

something we put books on it ارفف shelves

something that show the way خريطة map

a device that point to direction بوصلة compass

to guide to direction يشير الى point to

a short journey رحلة قصيرة trip

by yourself بنفسك on your own

be calm , rest, يستريح relax

wait ينتظر hung on

sleep suddenly ينام فجاة fall asleep to feel something dangerous فى خطر in danger

like so much يفضل prefer

some بعض a bit

words that make you laugh نكتة joke

to be naturally clever at something موهبة Talent = gift

thankful شاكر الجميل grateful

pleased with something فخور proud

happiness مرح joy a group of musican who play together the same tune اوركسترامجموعة موسيقية , orchestra

make music يقتلع - يصنع الموسيقى pluck

From greece يونانى greek

fighting حرب war

save ينقذ rescue

a steps you can follow them خطة plan

an old story اسطورة lengend

people of Troy اهل طروادة trojans

go on يستمر last

indicate something يتظاهر pretend

the opposit of come in يخرج من come out

chance, fortune حظ luck

Concert حفلة

perfrom يؤدي حفلة

r t a m e r . w o r d p r e s s . c o m


Greek legend اسطورة يونانية

troy طروادة

Act يتظاهر Pretend

to make a smiling face at someone يبتسم ل Smile at

Someone who plays the drums عازف الطبلة Drummer

Must / musn’t + inf

to talk musn’tto talk about an obligation, but we use mustWe use

about something is not allowed

* I must study my lessons.

* I musn’t forget my books.

* I must do my homework.

* H musn’t use mobile in the class

Present continuous with future meaning

We use present continuous to talk abpout a future that is already

arranged or planned.

*I’m playing football tomorrow.

* On Monday I’m meeting my friends.

What are you doing next Friday?

- I’m visiting my grandmother.

- Key words

This evening - tomorrow – next week ,month , year…

KINDS OF MUSIC

Salsa Jazz Heavy metal

Classical music Country music POP music

Sponge pop


Unit four

The trip begins meaning A E

a small ship without engine مركب boat

to travel by sea يبحر sail

green plants عشب grass

plural of leaf اوراق اشجار leaves

having a fine edge that can cut حاد sharp

to cause damage يصيب hurt a person who has very great عبقرى genius

a larg white bird with very long nick بجعة Swan a large area of water بحيرة Lake

an area of water that smaller than lake بركة pond

a small river نهر stream

the sudden drop of water شال waterfall Fire بركان volcano

very high hill جبل mountain as a mountain تل Hill

a larg hole in the side of cliff or hill كهف cave

a piece of land that is coverd with trees حقل field

Forest غابة jungle Forest غابة wood a large area of land coverd with

sand صحراء desert

to fun outside your home مرح بالخارج day out

a funfair تسليةمبنى لل amusement park

interesting مثير exciting wonderful رائع fantastic

full of people مزدحم crowred

a piece of electrical equipment for speaking مكبر الصوت loudspeaker medical help االسعافات االولية first aid very bad فظيع terrible

building engineer مهندس معمارى architect

very old قديم ancient Complex مركب complicated far from the sight يخفى hide someone who form a dangerous عدو enemy a place where water around it جزيرة island


help birds to fly ريش feathers to be near يقترب close to Sink غرق drowned person creat a great something مخترع inventor a beautifull great house قصر palace Passage ممرات corridors alot of jewelleries كنز treasure a person who lost his free سجين prisoner help birds to fly جناح wing something melt to give light شمع wax Disappear يدوب melt Acuratly باتقان perfectly something danger تحذير warning

Trip رحلة قصيرة Bathtub بانيو

Secret message رسالة سرية Pacific ocean المحيط الهادي

Towards تجاه Square kilometre كيلومتر مربع

By the river بجانب النهر Area منطقة

Turn around يدور Angel falls فنزويا( اعلى شال في العالم(

Pocket جيب Immediately حاال

Angry with غاضب من Corridor ممر

Football pitch ملعب كرة القدم Stream مجرى مجائي

Patient مريض -صبور New Hampshire(NH) وهامشير شمال شرق اميركايوالية ن

Reflexive pronouns

Reflex Sub

myself I

himself He

Herself She

Itself It

ourselves We

yourself You

themselves they

We use Reflexive pronouns when the object and

subject are for the same person and also to emphasize

that you didn’t need help.


.herselfmade the cake heS*

.itselfis cleaning e cat hT*

* The door opened by itself

HOW

how long * كم الطول

How long is the table?-

It’s about 1 meters along

how high * كم االرتفاع

How high is that wall ?-

It’s about 3 metres high

*How deep كم العمق

How deep is this pool.-

It’s about 7 metres deep.

*How much كم الكمية

How much does the hen weight?-

It’s weight about 2 kilos

*How wide كم العرض

How wide is the blackboard?-

It’s about 2 metres

What

………What is the length of ما طول

.…… What is the height of ما ارتفاع

.……What is the depth of ما عمق

………What is the width of ما عرض

Q-Tag - He wasn’t ..…, was he? - He was ..…wasn’t he?

- He isn’t ..…is he? He is ..…, isn’t he?

- The don’t play ..…, do they? - They play ..…don’t they?

. . .


- He doesn’t play ..…does he? - He plays ..…doesn’t he?

- I didn’t come ..…, did I ? - I came ..…, didn’t I ?

- YOU NEVER PLAY..…, DO YOU?

Prefixes in--- & im---

information immediately

interesting impolite

incredible impatient

invention imagine

inquest استجواب impossible

Notice the following

It is no use. …………………………………………

It is not going to work. ……………………………

Too right = yes, definetly.

Interesting facts

Lake Baikal Deepest lake

Sarawak cave Biggest cave

Blue whale Heaviest animal

Nile Longest river

Redwood tree Tallest tree


JUMP ABOARD 6 UNIT 5

Under The Sea

a long away from عنبعيد جدا exploration استكشاف

disaster كارثة astronaut رائد فضاء

direction اتجاه satellite قمر صناعي

get bigger يكبر do karate يمارس الكاراتيه

scared مرعوب dig – dug - dug يحفر

rescue ينقذ shine-(shined) (shone) تشرق / يلمع

submarine غواصة have a shower حميست

definitely بالتأكيد ceiling سقف

exactly بالضبط find out = discover يكتشف

hold breathe يكتم نفسه ancestor سلف, جد وعلى

dig up يجد -يكتشف AD بعد المياد

walk on يمشى cave man رجل كهف

chew يمضغ south pole القطب الجنوبي

scratch يخدش walk across عبري

towel فوطة bracelet اسورة

complain يشتكى mission مهمة

you bet ارهنك ambition طموح

decorate يزين

powerful قوي

ADVANCED NOTICE FOR ADVANCED STUDENTS

dig in, to maintain one's opinion or position. OR to

start eating.

dig into, Informal. to attack, work: to dig into one's

work; to dig into a meal.

dig out, to remove earth or debris أنقاض from by digging. OR to find by searching: to dig out facts for a term paper.

dig up, to discover in the course of digging. OR to locate;

find: to dig up information.


Present Perfect Continuous Tense I have been singing

Forming: -

subject + auxiliary verb + auxiliary verb + main verb

have

has been base + ing

Here are some examples of the present perfect continuous

tense:

subject auxiliary

verb

auxiliary

verb

main

verb

+ I have been waiting for one

hour.

+ You have been talking too much.

- It has not been raining.

- We have not been playing football.

? Have you been seeing her?

? Have they been doing their

homework?

I've been reading.

The car's been giving trouble.

We've been playing tennis for two hours.

How do we use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense?

1. An action that has just stopped or recently stopped

We use the present perfect continuous tense to talk about an

action that started in the past and stopped recently. There is

usually a result now.


I'm tired because I've been running.

past present future

!!

!

Recent action. Result now.

I'm tired [now] because I've been running.

Why is the grass wet [now]? Has it been raining?

You don't understand [now] because you haven't been

listening.

2. An action continuing up to now

This is often used with for or since.

I have been reading for 2 hours.

past present future

Action started in past. Action is continuing now.

I have been reading for 2 hours. [I am still reading

now.]

We've been studying since 9 o'clock. [We're still

studying now.] How long have you been learning English? [You are still

learning now.]

We have not been smoking. [And we are not smoking now.

For and Since with Present Perfect Continuous Tense

We often use for and since with the present perfect tense.

We use for to talk about a period of time - 5 minutes, 2

weeks, 6 years.


We use since to talk about a point in past time - 9

o'clock, 1st January, Monday.

for since

a period of time a point in past time

20 minutes 6.15pm

three days Monday

6 months June

4 years 2010

2 centuries 1800

a long time I left school

ever the beginning of time

etc etc

Here are some examples:

I have been studying for 3 hours.

I have been watching TV since 7pm.

Tara hasn't been feeling well for 2 weeks.

Tara hasn't been visiting us since March.

He has been playing football for a long time.

He has been living in Bangkok since he left school.

Study the following: century 100 years

a year 12 month

a month 4 weeks / 30 days

a week 7 days

a day 24 hours

an hour 60 minute

a minute 60 seconds


How to compose an email.

The sender: …………………………..

The receiver: ………………………...

The subject: …………………………

BEST WISHES


JUMP ABOARD 6 UNIT 6

The Lost City Lost city stingray

further survivor

Atlantis exhausted

clue forget

bracelet bite

crazy Eureka

dangerous Halifax

tale Manchester

disappeared Lake District

legend tourist

volcano attraction

erupt professor

might be expedition

used to be exciting trip

cough unusual

sneeze library

medicine volcano

sunbath hurricane

sunburn (ed) forest fire

future snowstorm

promise damage

jungle nearby

fortunately destroy

stream spread

crocodile

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still

going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on

the present. It puts emphasis on the result.


Form of Present Perfect

Positive Negative Question

I / you / we / they I have

spoken.

I have not

spoken.

Have I

spoken?

he / she / it He has

spoken.

He has not

spoken.

Has he

spoken?

Exceptions while Adding ‘ed’

Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example

after a final e only add d love – loved

final consonant after a short, stressed vowel

or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled admit – admitted travel – travelled

final y after a consonant becomes i hurry – hurried

Use of Present Perfect

puts emphasis on the result : Example: She has written five letters.

action that is still going on : Example: School has not started yet.

action that stopped recently : Example: She has cooked dinner.

finished action that has an influence on the present:

Example: I have lost my key.

action that has taken place once, never or several times before

the moment of speaking: Example: I have never been to

Australia.

Signal Words of Present Perfect

already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to

now

He has just / already done his homework.

He has never playe dtennis.

He hasn’t ever played tennis


For and Since for Time

We often use for and since when talking about time.

for + period

A period is a duration of time, for example: 5 minutes, 2

weeks, 6 years. For means "from the beginning of the

period until the end of the period." For can be used with

all tenses.

since + point

A point is a precise moment in time, for example: 9

o'clock, 1st January, Monday. Since means "from a point

in the past until now." Since is normally used with

perfect tenses.

for a period

(from start to end)

>===<

since a point

(up to now) x===>|

for 20 minutes for three days for 6 months for 4 years

for 2 centuries for a long time

for ever etc

since 9am since Monday since January

since 1997 since 1500

since I left school since the beginning of

time etc

all tenses perfect tenses only


For can be used with all tenses. Here are a few

examples:

They study for two hours every day. They are studying for three hours today. He has lived in Bangkok for a long time. He has been living in Paris for three months. I worked at that bank for five years. Will the universe continue for ever?

For is NOT used with "all day", "all the time" etc.

I was there all day. (not *for all day)

Since is normally used with perfect tenses:

He has been here since 9am. He has been working since he arrived. I had lived in New York since my childhood.

Since can also be used in the structure "It is [period]

since...":

It is a year since I saw her. How long is it since you got married? (SINCE)

1-I haven't seen my friend Ahmed since 1998.

2- I have worked in this company since 1995.

3-We have been in Benghazi since my birth .

4- She has waited for her friend since 5 o'clock .

5- He hasn't been to the sea since last summer.

(FOR)

1-I haven't been to Tripoli for 3 years .

2-She has worked hard for the whole year .

3-Ali has waited for his friend for 2 hours .

4-I have been here for the last two months .

5-Peter has traveled to London for 2 weeks.

. . .


Q/ Fill in the blanks with since or for:

1. She hasn't been to Egypt …….. 2000.

2. We have waited for you …….a long time.

3. Peter has fixed the car …….. yesterday.

4. I haven't changed my car……..7 years.

5. I haven't seen my friend ……… a week .

www.englishguide.net

Direct & Indirect He said “ I’m hungry. He said that he was hungry.

He said “ I have a bike, Ali” He told Ali that he had abike.

He said “ Open the door , Fady”

He asked Fady to open the door.

He said’ Don’t have much sugar, Shahd”

He asked Shahd not to have much sugar

“ Be polite” said the teacher to the pupils

The teacher asked the pupils to be polite.

“ We have been to a party”

Adham said

…………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………..…..

“someone has drunk all the lemonade” Renad said

…………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………..…….

“I will burn you” the theif said ………………………………………………………..

Mom said to me “ Don’t go the kitchen”

…………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………..……

الحمد هلل الذي بنعمته تتم الصالحات

Jump Aboard 6 Term 1 Revision 1

Jump Aboard 6 1st Term Revision

Present simple

always- often – usually – sometimes – never- every

-He always reads stories. - He doesn’t read stories.

Present Continuous

now – look, listen, be careful, at the moment

-He is reading stories. -He isn’t reading stories.

Present Perfect

already – just -ever – never – recently - since- for - yet

-He has recently read stories.

-He has not read stories yet.

Past Continuous

While-past cont- past simple While- past cont. – past cont When- past simple- past cont

-While he was reading, he slept. -When he slept, he was reading. - While he was reading, we were sleeping.

Future tomorrow- next- the following -He will read stories. -He won’t read stories.

Future am/ is / are--- going to + inf -He is going to read stories.

-He isn’t going to….. present prefect cont

since for

-He has been reading stories for 3 hours.

Past Simple yesterday – ago- last- in the past

- He read stories yesterday.

- He didn’t read…. He has ridden his bike.

Use (yesterday , not), (now- mot), ( tomorrow – not), (yet)


Adverbs of Frequency

always 100% every…. 100% usually 90% often 60 % sometimes 30 % never 0% ----- is always -------- ----- always plays ----

He is always lazy. He always comes late.

--------------------------- ----------------- -------------------------

Used to

- To express something I did in regular in the past, BUT I don’t

do it.

- I used to ride a bike. (( I don’t ride bikes now)).

- Did you use to ride a bike?

---------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------- Must --- mustn’t

Must----------- positive

- You must obey your parents .

- Mustn’t-------- negative.

- You mustn’t throw rubbish in the class.


If

(( 1st clause))

If – present simple ---will/ shall + inf If I don’t hurry up, I will not catch the bus.

Unless I hurry up, I will not catch the bus.

If I don’t hurry up, I will miss the bus.

Reflexive Pronouns

I myself I cut myself. I made a cake (by) myself.

He himself He hurts himself. He irons his shirts (by)himself.

She herself She did the laundry herself. it itself My cats feeds itself. they themselves They did the homework themselves.

we ourselves We cleaned the car ourselves. you yourself Help yourself. You yourselves Do your homework yourselves.

Let’s ----------- ourselves.

- Let’s do the laundry ourselves.

Behave ----- yourself/ yourselves.



For and Since for Time

We often use for and since when talking about time.

for + period

since + point

for a period

(from start to end)

>===<

since a point

(up to now)

x===>|

for 20 minutes

for three days

for 6 months

for 4 years

for 2 centuries

for a long time

for ever

etc

since 9am

since Monday

since January

since 1997

since 1500

since I left school

since the beginning of time

etc

all tenses perfect tenses only

For can be used with all tenses. Here are a few examples:

They study for two hours every day.

They are studying for three hours today.

He has lived in Bangkok for a long time.

He has been living in Paris for three months.

I worked at that bank for five years.

Will the universe continue for ever?

For is NOT used with "all day", "all the time" etc.

I was there all day. (not *for all day)

Since is normally used with perfect tenses:

He has been here since 9am.

He has been working since he arrived.

I had lived in New York since my childhood.

Since can also be used in the structure "It is [period] since...":

It is a year since I saw her.

How long is it since you got married?



Tomorrow ----> the next day

Here ----> there

This morning ----> that morning

Tonight ----> that night

Next Tuesday / on Tuesday ----> the following Tuesday

Last Tuesday ----> the previous Tuesday

Last ----> the previous

Yesterday ---- > the day before

This ----> that

Today ----> that day

Ago ----> before / previously

The day after tomorrow ---> in two days' time

. بعض األفعال ال تتغير عند التحويل من مباشر إلي غير مباشر ***

Would ----> would

Should ----> should

Could ----> could

Might ---> might

Ought to ---> ought to

Change into Indirect speech.

Ali Said “ How are you Maya?”

…………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….

Ali said” I will help you , sasa”.

…………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….

Ali said “ you may burn yourself , basbosa.”

…………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….


Ali said” Do you homework, Nona”

…………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….

Ali said” Don’t talk, Zeft”

…………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………….

Ali Said “ DO you like English. Doda?”

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

1." I'm tired"

Ali said that ------------------------------------------------------------------------

2."The ministry is going to open a new school."

The minister revealed that----------------------------------------------------------------

3."We lost a lot of soldiers"

The army admitted that-------------------------------------------------------------------

4." I'll visit you"

She said that-----------------------------------------------------------------------

5."I have never seen such a beautiful match."

The coach told reporters that----------------------------------------------------------

ال (The sun is big )او الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة كونية (say- says )اذا كان فعل القول في المضارع

نغير زمن الجملة.

بقى. رزقكم و عملنا الي علينا و انتم

Education

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