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John Rogerson delivered the presentation at the 2014 Young People at Risk Forum. The 2014 Young People at Risk Forum reviewed the challenges and solutions surrounding intervention programs around topics such as suicide prevention, substance abuse, mental health, education, employment and housing. Additionally, the forum focused on culturally competent care and care within Aboriginal communities. For more information about the event, please visit: http://www.informa.com.au/yprisk14
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The Role of Drugs in the Development of Young People Young People at Risk Forum June 2014 .
Today’s Focus
• Why young people use drugs
• What are the risks
• What drugs are young people taking
• The Costs
• Alcohol
• Risk and Protective factors
• Changing our culture
What is a drug?
A drug is a substance, other than food, which is taken to change the way the body and/or mind function.
Australia – a drug taking society
• Alcohol
• Tobacco
• Pharmaceuticals
• Illicit
• New Psychoactive Substances
• PIED’s – Performance and Image Enhancing Drugs
Problems
Stress
Boredom
Relaxation
Curiosity
Good time
Performance enhancement
Weight management
Why do people use drugs
Types of drug use
Therapeutic use
Experimental use
Recreational use
Situational use
Intensive use or 'bingeing'
Dependent use
Photo by illuminaut - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike License http://www.flickr.com/photos/21611336@N00 Created with Haiku Deck
Physical injuries Road injury Suicide Assault Drowning
%
Proportion of 16-17 year old current drinkers and the proportion drinking more than four drinks on a single occasion in the past seven days, 1984-2011 2011 ASSAD Survey
Illicit Drug Use
• Increasing use:
– Amphetamines/methamphetamines
– Cocaine
• Decreasing use
– cannabis
– ecstasy
Criminal Black Market
• 1 gram Heroin in Kabul $2 • 1 gram Heroin in Western Europe $300 • Street price set mainly by risk of getting drugs
into countries - “price of risk” • Est. world retail value $320 billion/year
– Cocaine $70b – Heroin $60b
• Farmer’s share $2b
Performance enhancing drugs
Growth hormones
Peptides
Steroids
Acne Hair loss Depression High blood pressure Liver heart problems Testicle and prostate issues
New Psychoactive Substances
Pharmaceuticals Non-medical use of prescription
drugs
Cost in Community
Deaths per year Economic Cost per Year
Tobacco 19,000 $32 billion
Alcohol 3,200 $15 billion
Illicit 1,020 $8 billion
UNDER 25
Studies show that those who drink regularly may be more at risk of learning and memory issues and even suffer from long term effects.
Effects of alcohol
Trends in consumption of Alcohol PER CAPITA ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION HAS FALLEN BELOW 1970'S LEVELS
Adult per capita alcohol consumption over past 30 years
(Population 15 yrs and older, alcohol consumption in litres of pure alcohol - Lals)
11.48 11.54
11.88
11.66
11.87
12.48
12.2
11.62
11.22
10.82
9.94 9.89
9.51
9.84
9.69.73
9.53
9.889.75 9.76
9.65
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
1973
-74
1975
-76
1977
-78
1979
-80
1981
-82
1983
-84
1985
-86
1987
-88
1988
-90
1991
-92
1993
-94
1995
-96
1997
-98
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
2005
-06
Year
Lals
per
cap
ita -
15 y
ears
old
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
19
75
19
76
19
77
19
78
19
79
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
94
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
Hotel licences
On-premise licences
Packaged licences
Alcohol implicated in:
• 73% assaults
• 77% street offences
• 40% domestic violence
• 60% of all Police call outs
• 90% late night call outs by Police
• 34% of homicide offenders & 31% of their victims
329%
191%
133%
EMERGENCY PRESENTATIONS
HOSPITALISATIONS
INTOXICATION 2000-2010
AMBULANCE ATTENDANCES
INCREASED BY
14,851
86%
27% (Melbourne/metro) 42% (regional)
TRANSPORTED TO HOSPITAL
2012/13 VICTORIAN AMBULANCE ATTENDANCES
ALCOHOL RELATED
INCREASES FROM THE PREVIOUS YEAR
Effectiveness of Alcohol Strategies
Source: Adapted from Babor et al (2003)
Strategy Effectiveness Cost
Regulate pricing $
Lower BAC limits for all drivers $$
Enforce liquor licensing laws $$$
Limit availability of alcohol $
Restrict hours of alcohol sales $
Limit no. of alcohol outlets $
Community mobilisation $$
Workplace interventions $$
Curb sport alcohol sponsorship $$$
Social marketing $$$
Disconnection Unemployment Lack of a future Abusive relationships Mental Health Trauma Peer use Availability
RISK FACTORS
Photo by Hammonton Photography - Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License http://www.flickr.com/photos/25880282@N04 Created with Haiku Deck
Life experiences Peer group Effectiveness of family management
Parental AOD misuse
yelling more often, being inattentive, being more self-focused, using reactive or authoritarian parenting, creating an atmosphere of secrecy and allowing children to take on a parenting type role.
Informal relationships - with extended family members, neighbours, friends and friends' families - were very important
Our Good Sports Evidence Metropolitan Football Survey (2000)
Culture
“The way we do things around here!”
Messages sent by:
1. Behaviour, eg. what is done and said
2. Symbols, eg. where time is spent, resources invested
3. Systems, eg. budgeting, people development process, performance management
Changing the culture – Good Sports
1. Behaviour – not serving U/18, drunks etc., leaders (coaches too!) role model required behaviour
2. Symbols – no cheap drink promotions, alcohol not the ‘centre’ of fundraisers, low & non alcohol products in bar
3. Systems – all servers RSA trained, comply with liquor licence conditions, safe transport strategy
Integration, consistency and accountability
Thurgoona Football/Netball Club Prior to 2006
– Alcohol fuelled violence & foul language
– Frequent alcohol licensing irregularities
– Low club membership
– 1 - 2 Drink Driving offences per season
– Very poor local community image
Thurgoona Football/Netball Club
Key Changes
1. ‘Community and Family Orientated’ focus
2. Priorities – Increasing membership
– Increasing financial turnover
– Attracting better skilled players
3. Introduced behaviour ‘Codes of Practice’
4. Sponsored Responsible Service of Alcohol training (23)
5. Reduced liquor operating by two hours to 10pm
Thurgoona Football/Netball Club
Key Outcomes
1. 100% increase in revenue (now $155,000) – Alcohol sales 12% (previously 58%)
2. 65% increase in sponsorship revenue
3. More teams
4. 500% increase in spectators (600 per match)
5. No drink driving offences
6. Police Command regard the club as a model club.
“But wouldn’t Symonds be right to be just a little confused at this moral outrage from an organisation (Cricket Australia) that shows such an enthusiasm for alcohol in its commercial arrangements, and a sport that cannot rid itself of its addiction?”
Mike Atherton, ex Captain of England
RL Approach
“Wherever you go in RL – from an under 6 match to a corporate function - you will get consistent messages around expected alcohol behaviours”
Paul Heptonstall (ARL)
“Our most alarming statistic is that in 2009, we lost more people in alcohol-related incidents than to war. In my view they are not accidents, they are people-made incidents.”
Chief of Army, LTGEN Ken Gillespie, 2010
http://images.defence.gov.au/12132567
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BE INFORMED
www.theothertalk.org.au
Support
• Directline 1 800 888 236
• Counselling online www.counsellingonline.org.au
• Druginfo 1 300 858 584 [email protected]
www.druginfo.adf.org.au
• SMS text 0439 835 563
• Family Drug Support 1 300 660 068
We advocate for change. Change that promotes healthy people, strong communities. Find information on drugs and alcohol at druginfo.adf.org.au or call 1300 85 85 84.