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VSA 2009 Video Taping Visitors WorkshopJosh Gutwill and Adam KlingerPart 1: Examples of systems used at the Exploratorium
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Assessing Learning in Process: Videotaping Visitors in Museums
Josh GutwillActing Director of Visitor
Research
Adam KlingerEvaluation Systems SpecialistQuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.
Workshop Goals
Morning• Know when to use video methods• Treat visitor participants ethically
• Record conversations & behaviors
Afternoon• Code digital video data• Analyze coded data (Excel, not stats)
• A better vantage point for observations
• Hear visitor conversations verbatim
• A way to reliably capture subtle phenomena
• Better interrater reliability • Visual evidence to share with stakeholders
What does video offer over other methods?
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Where might other methods work better?
• Quick formative studies with immediate deadlines
• When your research questions are not likely to be answered by observing spontaneous behavior or dialogue– Example: how do people interpret a particular part of the label that they may not use when they approach it on their own?
Adam Klinger
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• Video systems use different components and configurations depending on the study goal– The Exploratorium has used many systems for different projects
– Each system has its advantages and disadvantages
• Focus on video recording methods– Josh will discuss informed consent issues later
Adam Klinger
Video System Types
6Adam Klinger
GIVE: a Lab Study
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• A randomized clinical trial design• A lab was built and used for the study in order to control for as many extraneous variables as possible
• Cameras and mics were permanently mounted above the four exhibits
• Quiet conditions in a small space made getting good quality audio relatively easy
Adam Klinger
GIVE: a Lab Study
8Adam Klinger
GIVE: a Lab Study
9Adam Klinger
GIVE: a Lab Study
10Adam Klinger
Geometry Playground: Eye in the Sky
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• An exhibit development project with a research component
• Studies families as they use multiple exhibits
• Parent / child dyads are recruited and recorded as they move through the area
Adam Klinger
Geometry Playground: Eye in the Sky
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• Visitors are asked to wear clip-on microphones and a small radio transmitter
Adam Klinger
Geometry Playground: Eye in the Sky
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• Visitors are tracked by 2 Pan / Zoom / Tilt cameras mounted 35 feet overhead
Adam Klinger
Geometry Playground: Eye in the Sky
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• The cameras are controlled from an office using joysticks and security camera software
Adam Klinger
Geometry Playground: Eye in the Sky
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• Wireless microphones allow us to:– Hear visitors clearly even in noisy areas
• PZT cameras allow us to:– Track visitors through the area, even if they separate
– Choose the best angle to see what’s important
– Use one camera for details and the other for the big picture
Adam Klinger
Geometry Playground: Eye in the Sky
• Video: Tracking a Parent/Child Dyad
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Geometry Playground: Eye in the Sky
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APE: Recording at single exhibits on the floor
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• Interested in real-world experiences– We wanted the area to look to visitors like any other part of the floor
– We wanted visitors to use exhibits uncued
• Needed video of many visitor interactions at a single exhibit
• We wanted to capture conversations between visitors
Adam Klinger
APE: Recording at single exhibits on the floor
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• Phase 1: recording in an open area of the floor– We used sturdy telescoping stands– We used two shotgun microphones
Adam Klinger
APE: Recording at single exhibits on the floor
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APE: Recording at single exhibits on the floor
• Phase 1I: Building the Sound Abatement Area
Sound absorbing featuresCarpeting
Sound absorbing walls
Sound absorbing hood
4 shotgun microphones
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APE: Recording at single exhibits on the floor
• Phase 1I: Building the Sound Abatement Area
Quick setup features:Trusses on ceiling
Movable clamps to mount:– Microphones– Camera– Mixer
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APE: Recording at single exhibits on the floor
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APE: Recording at single exhibits on the floor
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• There are schematics for three systems in your packet– GP Eye in the Sky– Simplified APE– Four microphone APE
• We’ll use the last two to help set up our own systems later
Adam Klinger
Schematics