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WESTERN HERITAGE
ARCHITECTURE JEDDAH
Mariam ALRashedShahad ALSulimani
CONTENTS• INTRODUCTION
-About Jeddah -History -weather
• Jeddah city
• Building Techniques
• Architectural Features-External Form -Building Height -Architectural elements
-Rowshan-Mashrabiya
• Decorations
• Building Materials
About Jeddah
LOCATION
HISTORYPRE
ISLAM
• Stone age • Artifacts and writings• Dates before Alexander the Great
ISLAM• Othman bin Affan made it a Major port for entering the city of
Makkah.
Mamluk rule
• Ummayyads, then Abbasids, followed by Ayyubids, and finally the Mamluks.
OttomanRule
• was attacked several times by the Portuguese
Climate Extreme heat and humidity, lack or absence of rain
Jeddah’s Tempreture Around the Year
Jeddah’s Old Walls and Gates: Jeddah's Old Wall and GatesThe wall surrounding Jeddah was built by Hussain Al-Kurdi, who was one of the Mamluk Princes, because he wanted to protect the Red Sea from the attacks by the Portuguese thus embarking on providing it with castles, towers, and cannons to repel the warships that are assaulting the city. He also initiated the construction of this wall and dug a trench outside it to further guard the city from enemy attacks
Building technique the method of building was to arrange the building stones over each other, separated by pieces of wood (Takaleel), which helped in the fair distribution of the loads on the walls. This old method of building, which uses wood and stone, is very similar to the modern concrete and timber way of building where wood is used to hold concrete in order to alleviate the weight of the building
• Jeddah’s urban compactness shaped by narrow zigzagged alleys.
• The street configuration: shading, air wind patterns.
Architectural Features:
• External Form • Building Height • Architectural elements
External Form: • A cubical mass of 2-5 floors without major
projection.
• Skeleton of four sides that entirely opened, but covered with wooden elements
• The only projections or breaks are the rowshans, and mashrabeya emphasizing the shading along the elevations.
Building Height: High-rise, earlier buildings were 2-3 floors.Late 19th and early 20th centuries, tendency for higher buildings ( 6-7 floors)
Architectural Elements: -Rowshans:
They are 60-90 cm projected wooden skeleton covered with decorative wooden panels and screens. It covers the entire elevation of the upper floors.
Rowsahn main Parts
Rowshan’s Functions:• Maintenance of the privacy of indoor
spaces• Ventilation (middle panels are slid able
and with louvers)• Sitting / sleeping• Thermal insulation, solar rays reduction,
and sandy air filteration. • Shading the external surfaces ( walls and
streets) • Aestheticizing the building ( highly
decorated with engraved ornaments).
-Rowshans required large amount of wood. Imported from southest Asia. Each rowshan has is unique decoration layout.
Mashrabiyas:Different rowshan in term of size, location and function. Mashrabiya is smaller and mostly in Majlis/ Salons. Pots of water are placed on its base to cool the air passing by it.
Doors:Massive, two panels of teak wood with heavy metallic nails and knockers.
Decorations: -Ceiling Decorations:
Usually on woods, stones or gypsum surfaces. Also it comes with different patterns such as geometric, floral and scripts (mostly Quranic) either engraved or painted.
-Roof Edge Decorations: They also decorated their roofs with different shapes and patterns.
-Main Doors Decorations: Main door is the most decorated part as it signifies transition from public life into private life, and a socio- economic symbol.
Constuction Materials :• Coral Stone • Wood • Gypsum
Coral Stone
Wood
GypsumThey used gypsum mostly in decorating facades, framing doors and windows. They all painted in white color as protection from climatic conditions. It has different patterns whether with floral or geometric shapes.
Constuction Materials :
http://www.isprs-ann-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/II-5-W1/7/2013/isprsannals-II-5-W1-7-2013.pdfhttp://www.globalbuiltenvironmentreview.co.uk/Documents/9.1%20commentary%20Arif%20Kamal.pdfhttp://www.slideshare.net/HishamMort/historic-jeddah-presentation-belin-sept-2014?from_action=savehttps://weatherspark.com/averages/32766/Jeddah-Makkah-Saudi-Arabiahttp://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/jeddahhttp://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=jeddah+cityhttps://www.jeddah.gov.sa/english/JeddahCity/index.phphttp://www.slideshare.net/HishamMort/historic-jeddah-presentation-belin-sept-2014?qid=27162130-161c-45c5-bfba-82847a4a2783&v=qf1&b=&from_search=34