JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF KOREA 1910-1945

Under the Black Umbrella

Reactions to WesternizationReactions to Westernization

The Satsuma Rebellion 1877The Satsuma Rebellion 1877

Takamori Saigo: The Last Samurai

• Many samurai were desperate with their situation and the loss of their former status.

• 60,000 __________________ troops faced 40,000 rebels, led by Takamori Saigo.

• It was a clash of _____________________ samurai weapons against a modern army.

• The samurai rebels were completely defeated in a bloody battle.

• Takamori Saigo was wounded and committed ________________ in samurai tradition. He became a hero for the Japanese.

Government

traditional

suicide

Landscape art of the 16th Century displays themes of isolation, reflection, and simplicity. Japanese artists and scholars, emulated their Chinese mentors. This reflective, somewhat romantic ink landscape includes pale touches of red and yellow.

1. What Japanese traditions are depicted in this painting?

2. What aspects of this painting reflect western ideals? Explain.

3. How does this painting showcase the changing times of Japan?

1. What Japanese traditions are depicted in this painting?

2. What aspects of this painting reflect western ideals? Explain.

3. How does this painting showcase the changing times of Japan?

Do Now:

Reactions to WesternizationReactions to WesternizationSome Samurai found new opportunities in political and business areas

The Mitsubishi Company The Mitsubishi Company

• 1868- Iwasaki Yataro won government contracts for railroad and steamship lines and competed with British

• 1868- Iwasaki Yataro won government contracts for railroad and steamship lines and competed with British• Created a loyal management group of former samurai• Created a loyal management group of former samurai

• Expanded business to include shipbuilding, mining, transportation and banking.• Expanded business to include shipbuilding, mining, transportation and banking.

“Zaibatsu” families – Large firms that owned most private industry“Zaibatsu” families – Large firms that owned most private industry

Strains of ModernizationStrains of ModernizationStrains of ModernizationStrains of Modernization

• Poor living standards existed in crowded cities

• Political differences led to instability and frequent

assassinations of leaders• Constant questioning and

debate about ______________• Disgruntled _________ class

• Need for raw materials

Problems:Problems:

WesternizationSamuarai

Empire of the Rising Sun

The Joseon Dynasty: “The Hermit Kingdom”

•Considered China’s “younger brother”•Looked to China for protection•Adopted Chinese language, civil

service exams, government, and

isolation policy.

•Considered China’s “younger brother”•Looked to China for protection•Adopted Chinese language, civil

service exams, government, and

isolation policy.

Joseon Dynasty was highly influenced by

Ming China.

Joseon Dynasty was highly influenced by

Ming China.

Gyeongbokgung PalaceGyeongbokgung PalaceKing TaejoKing Taejo

I am the real King!

I am the real King!

The Joseon DynastyThe Joseon Dynasty

Korea is the Key- 1876

1876 – Japanese___________

diplomacy forced Korea to sign the unequal Treaty of

Ganghwa

1876 – Japanese___________

diplomacy forced Korea to sign the unequal Treaty of

Ganghwa

“Korea is an arrow pointed at the heart of Japan.” - Japanese official, 1880

“Korea is an arrow pointed at the heart of Japan.” - Japanese official, 1880

gunboat

The Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895

• China acknowledged Korea’s full independence and Japan gets Taiwan.• Balance of Power in the East shifted from traditional China to modern Japan.

• China acknowledged Korea’s full independence and Japan gets Taiwan.• Balance of Power in the East shifted from traditional China to modern Japan.

•Japanese troops took over Korean royal palace and fought Chinese troops in a series of land and naval battles.

•Total Japanese victory in 1895 – Treaty of Shimonoseki:

Create a caption or title for this political cartoonCreate a caption or title for this political cartoon

There’s a new Sherriff in town!There’s a new

Sherriff in town!

How did you get so

powerful?

How did you get so

powerful?

FUN FACT!

In order to get married, men in indigenous

Taiwanese tribes had to present a head to their tribe.

The Japanese wanted to control Taiwan directly in order to control these tribes who were killing Japanese merchants.

In order to get married, men in indigenous

Taiwanese tribes had to present a head to their tribe.

The Japanese wanted to control Taiwan directly in order to control these tribes who were killing Japanese merchants.

Anti-Japanese Reaction

•The Japanese assassinated Queen Min because she was reaching out to RUSSIA for help.

•Japanese officials ordered Koreans to cut off “topknots!”

•The Japanese assassinated Queen Min because she was reaching out to RUSSIA for help.

•Japanese officials ordered Koreans to cut off “topknots!”

“Cut off my head, but my hair – never!”

“Cut off my head, but my hair – never!”

The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

• Russian expansion into Manchuria threatened Japan and Great Britain• Russia obtained a 25 year lease on Port Arthur and permission to link

Trans-Siberian RR - putting them on the doorstep of Korea.

• Russian expansion into Manchuria threatened Japan and Great Britain• Russia obtained a 25 year lease on Port Arthur and permission to link

Trans-Siberian RR - putting them on the doorstep of Korea.

• Russian troops entered Korea despite Japanese objections • Japanese attacked Russians at Port Arthur• Japanese shocked the world and won many battles

What is the impact of Japanese victories over both China and Russia?

What is the impact of Japanese victories over both China and Russia?

The Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905

How do these cartoons portray Korea and why do you think they were in this position?

How do these cartoons portray Korea and why do you think they were in this position?

American Involvement

• U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt helped to broker the Treaty of Portsmouth• Russia had to acknowledge Japan’s superior political, military, and economic interest in Korea.

• Taft-Katsura Agreement:Secret agreement between

U.S. and Japan (Philippines for Korea)

• Taft-Katsura Agreement:Secret agreement between

U.S. and Japan (Philippines for Korea)

We will recognize and allow your power in Korea.

…And we will recognize and allow your power in the

Philippines.

…And we will recognize and allow your power in the

Philippines.

Shhhh…it’s a secret.

Shhhh…it’s a secret.

Japanese military crushed Korean resistance killing 17,600 guerrillas

from 1907-1910

Japanese military crushed Korean resistance killing 17,600 guerrillas

from 1907-1910

Japanese Annexation of Korea - 1910

“Subjugation” – The Dark Period 1910-19191. The Japanese took direct control of the

Korean government 2. Banned all political organizations and even

the right to assemble. 3. Censored Korean newspapers and magazines

and burned over 200,000 books. 4. Police arrested intellectuals, religious leaders,

and politicians - by 1912, over 50,000 arrests took place.

1. The Japanese took direct control of the Korean government

2. Banned all political organizations and even the right to assemble.

3. Censored Korean newspapers and magazines and burned over 200,000 books.

4. Police arrested intellectuals, religious leaders, and politicians - by 1912, over 50,000 arrests took place.

1909 assassination of Japanese Statesman Ito Hirobumi by Korean

Nationalist An Chung-gun triggered a major crackdown on

political dissidents

1909 assassination of Japanese Statesman Ito Hirobumi by Korean

Nationalist An Chung-gun triggered a major crackdown on

political dissidents

Terauchi Masatake First Governor-General of Korea

Terauchi Masatake First Governor-General of Korea

The Japanese quickly

crushed this Independence

movement!

The Japanese quickly

crushed this Independence

movement!

March First Movement - 1919U.S. President

Woodrow Wilson’s “Doctrine of self-

determination” inspired Korean Nationalists to

seek Independence from Japan.

King Gojong’s death sparked anti-Japanese

sentiment and reminder that Korea was not

independent

33 Nationalist Leaders gathered in a secret

meeting to read their “Declaration of

Independence” They were later arrested.

Widespread demonstrations took

place throughout Korea and sparked a nation-

wide movement!

What do you think this slogan means?

FUN FACT!

Yu Gwan-sun was an 18 year old student

protester who helped to organize the March 1st Movement. Her parents were killed but she was arrested, tried, and

sentenced to 7 years in prison. She died in

1920 from torture and starvation. She has

become a National hero!

Yu Gwan-sun was an 18 year old student

protester who helped to organize the March 1st Movement. Her parents were killed but she was arrested, tried, and

sentenced to 7 years in prison. She died in

1920 from torture and starvation. She has

become a National hero!

“Japan Shall Fall!”“Japan Shall Fall!”

Can you compare Yu Gwan-sun to anyone else in history?

Cultural Accommodation 1920-1931

1. After March First Movement, Japan needed to change their brutal image and began a more “cooperative” policy toward Korea

2. Eased political, economic and social restrictions3. Eased censorship of the press and the arts4. Led to formation of national consciousness – schools, literature, political organizations5. Fostered a Korean Cultural Renaissance – novels, art, drama, cinema

1. After March First Movement, Japan needed to change their brutal image and began a more “cooperative” policy toward Korea

2. Eased political, economic and social restrictions3. Eased censorship of the press and the arts4. Led to formation of national consciousness – schools, literature, political organizations5. Fostered a Korean Cultural Renaissance – novels, art, drama, cinema

Harmony between Japan and Korea”Harmony between Japan and Korea”

“I must say their [Japanese] organization impressed me. They planned things. They came with blueprints. They built things that worked. The Bridge

they built in our village lasted through all the rains and flooding. They also brought little things - sharp razor blades, matches that caught fire quickly, the

record player – I know that those came from Europe… But the Japanese brought them first. I think probably it was good, in the long run.”

- Yi Sangdo, truck driver 1910

“I must say their [Japanese] organization impressed me. They planned things. They came with blueprints. They built things that worked. The Bridge

they built in our village lasted through all the rains and flooding. They also brought little things - sharp razor blades, matches that caught fire quickly, the

record player – I know that those came from Europe… But the Japanese brought them first. I think probably it was good, in the long run.”

- Yi Sangdo, truck driver 1910

"Japan has always been growth-oriented, in colonial areas as well

as at home; and it is clear that Japanese rule helped to initiate intensive growth in both Korea and Taiwan" (Lloyd Reynolds,

1983)

"Japan has always been growth-oriented, in colonial areas as well

as at home; and it is clear that Japanese rule helped to initiate intensive growth in both Korea and Taiwan" (Lloyd Reynolds,

1983)

Modernization

Seoul, 1897Seoul, 1897

Should Japanese improvements in

infrastructure, communication and

transportation be appreciated by Koreans despite how they

were treated?

Should Japanese improvements in

infrastructure, communication and

transportation be appreciated by Koreans despite how they

were treated? Seoul, 1936Seoul, 1936

“Assimilation” 1931-1945 The Great Depression and increasing Chinese power led to Japan’s aggressive takeover of

Manchuria in 1931. Japan began to mobilize the Korean population to support its economic, political, and military campaigns

By 1934, “Citizen Schools” focused on Japanese history, ethics and language. The Korean language

was eliminated from study and public use and students had to pray at Shinto Shrines. By 1939, Japan “encouraged” all Koreans to change their names to a Japanese styled and approved name.

Over 84% of the population did this.

Japanese attempted to eliminate the Korean

cultural identity!

Japanese attempted to eliminate the Korean

cultural identity!

Comparison to ChinaComparison to China

1. Compare the actions of Japan and China in these two political cartoons.

2. What do you think led to the condition of each nation?

1. Compare the actions of Japan and China in these two political cartoons.

2. What do you think led to the condition of each nation?

Western ____________ was adopted which allowed the Japanese to fully ______________ in less than 50 years. By the end of the Meiji Restoration, the Japanese no longer feared that they would be _____________. Rather,

they set out to practice imperialism themselves to obtain power and ________

__________. Japan was quickly emerging as a world-class power using western technology

and methods while still maintaining its ___________ _________ values.

Final ThoughtsFinal Thoughts

technologyindustrialize

imperialized

natural

traditional

resources

cultural

This period was known as the _____ _____________.Meiji Restoration