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Esther Nolte-’t Hoen, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Basic science
cancer
(cardio)vascular
hypoxia
reproduction/pregnancy
tissue repair and remodelling
body fluids / biomarkers
therapeutics
pathogen-derived EV
immune system
nervous system
isolation
characterization
RNA
biogenesis
Late breaking
Clinical
ISEV 2014: Basic science topics
ISEV 2013
cancer
(cardio)vascular
hypoxia
reproduction/pregnancy
tissue repair and remodelling
body fluids / biomarkers
therapeutics
pathogen-derived EV
immune system
nervous system
isolation
characterization
RNA
biogenesis
Late breaking
ISEV 2014: Basic science topics
Clinical
Flow cytometry
Single vesicle analysis
novel characterizationmethods
standardization inmeasurement
EV isolation and characterization
cancer
(cardio)vascular
hypoxia
reproduction/pregnancy
tissue repair and remodelling
body fluids / biomarkers
therapeutics
pathogen-derived EV
immune system
nervous system
isolation
characterization
RNA
biogenesis
Late breaking
EV isolation
Buzz words 2014:
• Size exclusion chromatography
• Comparative analysis
- Purpose: Separate EV from contaminants
- Fluids:- Prostate fluid
- Blood plasma
- Milk
- Cell culture supernatant
- Big advantage: low labor intensity
- Future:- Different packing material to remove different contaminants?
- Loss of EV? How to assess this?
Buzz words 2014:
• Size exclusion chromatography
• Comparative analysis
Sucrose / iodixanol
Gradient separationUltracentrifugation
? hrs
Matrix-based isolation
SE chromatography
Differences in:
- Particle yield
- Enrichment of certain EV
populations
- Contamination with non-EV
- EV functionality
Future:
- Adjust method of choice to research
question?
- Serial usage for optimal purification
and subpopulation isolation?
EV isolation
Standardization
Topics 2014:
-Inter- and intra-individual variability
-Pre-analytical variables:
- Freeze/thaw (blood, milk)
- Shear stress in needles (blood)
- Handling time and temperature before/during EV
isolation (blood, milk)
- Timely removal of interfering protein complexes
(e.g. THP in urine and casein/whey in milk)
-Quality Control (e.g. protein/lipid ratios)
- Standardization of measurements
(?)
EV characterization
Buzz words 2014:
• At the single vesicle level
• Comparative analysis
- (fluorescent mode) NTA
- t-Resistive Pulse Sensing (qNano)
- Flow Cytometry
- (cryo) EM
- Asymmetric flow-field-flow fractionation
- Small Angle X-ray Scatter
- Dynamic Light Scattering
- Atomic Force Microscopy
- On-chip size/conc measurement
- ….
Compare:
EV characteristics (e.g. size)
EV concentration
EV characterization
Buzz words 2014:
• At the single vesicle level
• Comparative analysis
- (fluorescent mode) NTA
- t-Resistive Pulse Sensing (qNano)
- Flow Cytometry- (cryo) EM
- Asymmetric flow-field-flow fractionation
- Small Angle X-ray Scatter
- DLS
- New high-end cytometers & labeling strategies to use
conventional cytometers
- Comparison of different flow cytometers
- Crucial settings for correct measurements
- EV sorting
High-throughput analysis of
EV contentsEV numbers
EV cargo selection and release
Release:
- Live cell fluorescence imaging (e.g. pH sensitive optical reporter)
- Substances inducing EV release
Biogenesis:
- C-Elegans and Drosophila as model organisms (e.g. RNAi screens)
- EV from plasma membrane versus MVB & different types of MVB
EV contents:
-Subpopulations analysis: Lipidomics / proteomics / transcriptiomics
-Overlap RNA species in EV from mammalian cells, parasites, fungi, bacteria!
-Mechanisms for RNA sorting
EV function
STEVE GSCHMEISSNER/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY
Key player ISEV 2014:
Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Physiological role Tissue repair Other therapeutic effects
Osteogenicdifferentiation of MSC
Ischemia cancer
angiogenesis Irradiation damage GvHD
Skin burns
nephrotoxicity
Muscle injury
Remarkable new insights
Release of organelles via EV:
Proteasomes (T cell lines)
Mitochondria (from MSC to macrophages)
1
Remarkable new insights
Facts:
- Pub-crawl driven research
- Consumption of high numbers of EV
- No pro-inflamm effects
Release of organelles via EV1
Yeast-derived EV in beer
2
Thank you all!