Introduction to plants 1233859493415311-3

PlantsPlants

Section OneSection One

ObjectivesObjectives

Summarize how plants are adapted to Summarize how plants are adapted to living on land.living on land.

Distinguish nonvascular plants from Distinguish nonvascular plants from vascular.vascular.

Relate the success of plants on land to Relate the success of plants on land to seeds and flowers.seeds and flowers.

Describe the basic structure of a vascular Describe the basic structure of a vascular plant.plant.

Adaptations of Plants on LandAdaptations of Plants on Land

#1 Absorbing Nutrients#1 Absorbing Nutrients – To survive – To survive on land, plants evolved the ability to on land, plants evolved the ability to absorb mineral nutrients from the soil.absorb mineral nutrients from the soil.

Nodules full of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the roots of a soy bean plant

#2 Preventing Water Loss#2 Preventing Water Loss – to survive – to survive on land, plants evolved a waxy outer on land, plants evolved a waxy outer covering called a covering called a cuticlecuticle and and stomatastomata for gas exchange.for gas exchange.

Adaptations of Plants on Adaptations of Plants on LandLand

Cuticle and Stoma SketchesCuticle and Stoma Sketches

Cuticle Cross SectionStoma

Cuticle and Stoma SketchesCuticle and Stoma Sketches

Cuticle Cross SectionStoma

Adaptations of Plants on LandAdaptations of Plants on Land

#3 Reproducing on Land#3 Reproducing on Land – To survive – To survive on land, plants use pollen to reproduce on land, plants use pollen to reproduce without water.without water.

Pollen on an ant

Adaptations of Plant TissuesAdaptations of Plant Tissues

#1 Advantages of Conducting Tissues#1 Advantages of Conducting Tissues – Vascular plants have a system of well-– Vascular plants have a system of well-developed tissues that transport water in developed tissues that transport water in a plant.a plant.


#2 Advantages of seeds#2 Advantages of seeds – Seeds – Seeds protect and nourish a plants embryoprotect and nourish a plants embryo


#3 Advantages of Flowers –#3 Advantages of Flowers – Flowers Flowers make reproduction more efficient by make reproduction more efficient by promoting pollination.promoting pollination.

Kinds of PlantsKinds of Plants

Nonvascular PlantsNonvascular Plants SmallSmall Lack vascular tissueLack vascular tissue Examples = moss, liverworts and hornwortsExamples = moss, liverworts and hornworts

simple complex

This moss is used to determine levels of

pollutants

Liverworts in central Texas

It’s easy to see how “Hornworts got their names!


Seedless Vascular PlantsSeedless Vascular Plants Produce spores with thickened walls to Produce spores with thickened walls to

prevent them from drying out.prevent them from drying out. Include ferns, club mosses, horse tailsInclude ferns, club mosses, horse tails

simple complex

Spores on the underside of fern leaves. Horse tails

Club mosses in Canada


GymnospermsGymnosperms Seed plants that produce conesSeed plants that produce cones Include conifers, cycads and ginkgoesInclude conifers, cycads and ginkgoes

simple complex

Spores on the underside of fern leaves. The unique fan-like

leaves of the ginkgo treeAn old pine tree in California


AngiospermsAngiosperms Seed plants that produce fruit and flowers.Seed plants that produce fruit and flowers. Divided into 2 main groupsDivided into 2 main groups

simple complex

Sunflowers in a field

Yep, grass flowers too

A large Sugar Maple Tree

Monocots Verses DicotsMonocots Verses DicotsFloral Parts in 3’sFloral Parts in 3’s Floral Parts in 4’s or 5’sFloral Parts in 4’s or 5’s

Monocots Verses DicotsMonocots Verses DicotsParallel leaf veinsParallel leaf veins Net-like leaf veinsNet-like leaf veins

Monocots Verses DicotsMonocots Verses DicotsFibrous root systemFibrous root system Taproot SystemTaproot System

Monocots Verses DicotsMonocots Verses DicotsVascular Tissue Vascular Tissue ScatteredScattered

Vascular tissue in ringsVascular tissue in rings

Monocots Verses DicotsMonocots Verses DicotsFloral Parts in 3’sFloral Parts in 3’s Floral Parts in 4’s or 5’sFloral Parts in 4’s or 5’s

Parallel leaf veinsParallel leaf veins Net-like leaf veinsNet-like leaf veins

Fibrous root systemFibrous root system Taproot SystemTaproot System

Vascular Tissue Vascular Tissue ScatteredScattered

Vascular tissue in ringsVascular tissue in rings

Includes: grass, lilies, Includes: grass, lilies, orchids, and palm trees.orchids, and palm trees.

Includes: Roses, oaks, Includes: Roses, oaks, sunflowers and most non-sunflowers and most non-conifer trees.conifer trees.

Name that Angiosperm!!Name that Angiosperm!!

Monocot!


Dicot!


Monocot!


Monocot!


Dicot!


Monocot!


Dicot!

Plants in our livesPlants in our lives

Fruits and vegetablesFruits and vegetables CropsCrops WoodWood medicinemedicine FibersFibers

Reproduction in Reproduction in PlantsPlantssection 2section 2

Reproduction in Seed PlantsReproduction in Seed PlantsSection 2Section 2

Sexual Reproduction in Seed PlantsSexual Reproduction in Seed Plants

ObjectivesObjectives Distinguish the male and female Distinguish the male and female

gametophytes of seed plants.gametophytes of seed plants. Describe the function of a seed.Describe the function of a seed. Relate the parts of a flower to their Relate the parts of a flower to their

functionfunction Summarize the life cycle of an Summarize the life cycle of an

angiospermangiosperm

Important Vocabulary 1Important Vocabulary 1

antheranther The pollen bearing portion of a stamen in flowering plants. The pollen bearing portion of a stamen in flowering plants.

carpelscarpels A leaf like floral structure enclosing the ovule or ovules of A leaf like floral structure enclosing the ovule or ovules of

angiosperms. angiosperms. corollacorolla

Petals, collectively; usually the colored flower parts. Petals, collectively; usually the colored flower parts. eggegg

A female gamete. A female gamete. embryo sacembryo sac

The female gametophyte of a flowering plant, inside the ovule. The female gametophyte of a flowering plant, inside the ovule.


endospermendosperm In plants a triploid tissue containing stored food, develops from In plants a triploid tissue containing stored food, develops from

the union of a sperm nucleus and two nuclei of the central cell the union of a sperm nucleus and two nuclei of the central cell of the female gametophyte. Found only in angiosperms. of the female gametophyte. Found only in angiosperms.

filamentfilament A chain of cells, but in flowers it is the stalk of a stamen. A chain of cells, but in flowers it is the stalk of a stamen.

fruitfruit In angiosperms a matured, ripened ovary or group of ovaries In angiosperms a matured, ripened ovary or group of ovaries

and associated structure. Contains the seeds. and associated structure. Contains the seeds. gametophytegametophyte

The haploid (n) gamete producing gerneration (plants have The haploid (n) gamete producing gerneration (plants have alternating haploid and diploid generations). alternating haploid and diploid generations).


ovaryovary In flowering plants the enlarged basal portion of a carpel or fused In flowering plants the enlarged basal portion of a carpel or fused

carpel containing the ovule or ovules. Ovary matures to become the carpel containing the ovule or ovules. Ovary matures to become the fruit. fruit.

ovulesovules In seed plants a structure composed of a protective outer coat, a In seed plants a structure composed of a protective outer coat, a

tissue specialized for food storage, and a female gametophyte with an tissue specialized for food storage, and a female gametophyte with an egg cell. Becomes a seed after it is fertilized. egg cell. Becomes a seed after it is fertilized.

pollenpollen In seed plants, spore consisting of an immature male gametophyte In seed plants, spore consisting of an immature male gametophyte

and a protective outer covering. and a protective outer covering. seedseed

A complex structure formed by the maturation of the ovule of seed A complex structure formed by the maturation of the ovule of seed plants following fertilization; upon germination a seed develops into a plants following fertilization; upon germination a seed develops into a plant. Seed is made up of a seed coat, embryo and a food reserve.plant. Seed is made up of a seed coat, embryo and a food reserve.


stamensstamens The male structure of a flower which produces pollen. The male structure of a flower which produces pollen.

stigmastigma In plants, the region of a carpel serving as a receptive surface In plants, the region of a carpel serving as a receptive surface

for pollen. for pollen. stylestyle

In angiosperms, the stalk of a carpel which the pollen tube In angiosperms, the stalk of a carpel which the pollen tube grows through. grows through.

zygotezygote The diploid (2n) cell resulting from the union of male and The diploid (2n) cell resulting from the union of male and

female gametes (fertilization).female gametes (fertilization).

Reproductive StructuresReproductive Structures

Tiny gametophytes of seed plants Tiny gametophytes of seed plants develop from spores that remain within develop from spores that remain within saprophyte tissues.saprophyte tissues.

Education

Introduction to plants 1233859493415311-3