1. INTRODUCTION TO OLED Albert 2011.12.01

2. MARKET OVERVIEW OLEDExisting and Potential 1. Display: mobile phones (smart phone), portable mediaOfferings, Customers, players (MP3), televisions, digital cameras, automotiveand Customersapplications (GPS, Radio), Tablet, NBcustomer 2. Lighting: () 1. : UDC, Osram, Philips, DuPont, GE, eMagin, Novaled,Merck 2. : Samsung, LGKey Players3. : Sony, Mitsubishi, Lumiotec, Konica Minolta, Pioneer,TDK, Panasonic 4. : , CMO, AUO, , () 5. : , , 1. OLED(DisplayLighting)201119.11(554) 201453.84(1561Market size and Growth) 2. OLED201258.7%201344.8%201422.5% 1. OLED: Market Trend /Characteristics or Key 2. AMOLEDSmartphoneportableIssuesOLED TV2013 3. AMOLED2015 3. WHAT IS OLED ? Organic Light Emitting Diode(OrganicElectroluminescenceOEL) OLEDs rely on organic materials (polymers or small molecules) thatgive off light when tweaked with an electrical current Electrons injected from cathode Holes injected from anode Transport and radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs at the emissivepolymer Source : http://www.inside-handy.de/img/news 4. OLEDLCDOLED (Display)(Lighting) OLEDOLEDflexible OLEDOLED (Thk.~1 mm)Source : 5. DISADVANTAGES Current costs: OLED manufacture currently requiresprocess steps that make it extremely expensive. (Specifically,it requires the use of LTPS backplanes) Lifespan: The biggest technical problem for OLEDs was thelimited lifetime of the organic materials. In particular, blueOLEDs have had a lifetime of around 14,000 hours to halforiginal brightness (five years at 8 hours a day). Color balance issues: Additionally, as the OLED material used to produce blue light degrades significantly more rapidly than the materials that produce other colors, blue light output will decrease relative to the other colors of light Water damage: Water can damage the organic materials ofthe displays. Therefore, improved sealing processes areimportant for practical manufacturing. 6. GENERAL DEVICE ARCHITECTURES Source : 7. PROCESS APPLIED MATERIALSSource : Applied WithoutSputtering 8. APPLICATION DISPLAY OLED(1.4mm )() (~180LCDs 160) OLEDPMOLEDAMOLED Source : http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/oled3.htm 9. DISPLAY DEVICE ARCHITECTURES Source : OLED Bottom emission Topemission 10. APPLICATION LIGHTING : LED & OLEDLEDOLED OLED15 VOLEDOLED OLEDOLEDOLED OLEDOLED OLED OLEDSource : 11. OLED VS. LED & FLUORESCENCESource : 12. OLED DISPLAY VS. LIGHTINGSource : 13. 200OLED : DisplaySearch OLED33%201655.9 OLED10 (???) NanoMarketsOLED2016481521 OLED201012201332.5201670 14. -- DISPLAY OLED displayMP3MP4OLEDTFT(AMOLED) IHS iSuppliAMOLED20104,94020152.71240.6%20108.92120153631.9% 2012201318AMOLEDAMOLED TV 201232AMOLED TV 2013 2015AMOLED TV 10~20% (DisplaySearch) 15. a-Si,63~64%,a-Si LTPSCSTNTFT-LCD,,TFTMSTN&TN,TFT-LCD,PMOLED,,, 1%AMOLED,,1%,, 2011, 16. OLEDOLED 17. KEY OLED DISPLAY TRENDS Back panel TFT(, mobility > a-Si, , TFT LCD)Samsung LG ToshibaDNPSONY Sharp Sony :In-Sn-Zn-O TFTDeMUX IGZO11.5cm2/VsIn-Sn-Zn-O 30.9cm2/VsIn-Sn-Zn-O IGZO IEKAMOLEDAMOLED2015AMOLED() OLED Display2011 AppleOLED3OLEDiPadiPod TouchMacBooksApple TV 201020112012 201320142015 146.7282.5 551910 9951103 176.2647.31250 204931874948Source: IEK, : 18. OLED DISPLAY:1. AMOLED: 2010PIDA9.62IHS iSuppli8.92 (9.27)IEK39%IHS iSuppli31.9% (CAGR=35.45%)2. PMOLED: 2010PIDA2.98CAGR1%IEKIHS iSuppliAMOLED. () 201020112012 2013 20142015IEK (m2) 146.7 282.55519109951103IEK YOY0.930.95 0.65 0.090.11IHS ()49406945.64 9765.57 13730.3919304.9327142.73IHS YOY 0.406 0.4060.406 0.4060.406() 0.660.68 0.46 0.070.08Ave. & modified2010 2011201220132014 2015(m2)AMOLED 146.7 270.06 503.24 801.10 869.08 954.77PMOLED235.80 264.07 296.20 325.14 334.00 343.98 () 2010 2011 2012 201320142015 AMOLED 9.2715.3925.8237.8240.3443.47 PMOLED 2.983.013.04 3.07 3.10 3.13 Total 12.2518.4028.8640.8943.4546.60 19. LIGHTING IEKOLED 20. OLED Display SearchOLED2011201860 OLEDNanoMarketsOLED201648 OLED1521OLEDCO290% : 20097OLED1Sharp 4000OLED NEC-LIGHTING-LIGHTING 4000OLED 21. LEDOLEDDOE2010/12OLED20~30 lm/WDOE60 lm/WOLEDDIGITIMES2015OLEDLED 22. OLED LIGHTING MARKET DRIVERS Whois investing and why ? Governments US, EU, Asia Known lighting industry players and more Philips, Osram, GE, Konica Minolta, Lumiotec Supply chain participants Materials, devices, and IP Kodak, Universal Display, CDT, Equipment suppliers Applied Materials, Aixtron, Sunic, Otherentrants? Samsung, PMOLED manufacturers, 23. OLED LIGHTING:1. 2016NanomarketsDisplaySearch (37.25)2. IEKDisplaySearch3. 20112012 20132014 2015 2016 2017 2018IEK(M $) 385 795.8 16452720 4685YOY 1.067 1.067 0.65 0.72DisplaySearch (M$)135 700 1350 2650 4200 6100YOY 4.18 0.92 0.96 0.58 0.45Nanomarkets (M$) 4800YOY1039.5 1897.65903.7 8574.5Cal. Revenue (M$)71.15 147.07 304.013725 14 72YOY 1.067 1.067 2.41 0.82 0.96 0.58 0.45 24. OLED OLED 2011~2015 (:)(Page 13) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015Display 18.4028.8640.8943.4446.59Lighting 0.71 1.47 3.0410.3918.97Total 19.1130.3343.9353.8465.57 (SMD) 2010OLED81.8%OLED48.8%1TDK14.7%2 25. OLED 2011SMDAMOLED OLED material breakdown Source : JP Morgan1. TCOGlass2. Cathode ???1. (80~85%) 2. 4/5 26. OLED : OLED30% (LCD99%) OLED () : OLEDLTPS TFTLTPSOLED : OLED OLED () 27. RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS OPPORTUNITY IN OLED ()(work function)(LUMO)(HOMO) MgCa(3.662.87 eV)-(nucleating site) (2.93 eV)LiFLi2O(Al)(4.1 eV) Ca/AlLiF/AlMg/Ag Bottom emission : ITO4.5~5.3 eV Top emission : AgITO/Al 28. RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS OPPORTUNITY IN OLED TFT for AMOLED Sony 1. IGZOgate insulating film gate electrodesdry-etching method 2. sputtering methodAl thin film 3. Al2O3 4. coating processopening via holes source electrode (Mo/Al/Ti) Toshiba Corp. (IGZO) TFT ELTFT 2001. TFTLTPS2. TFTIGZO (or ITZO) 29. RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS OPPORTUNITY IN OLED OLED 1998BaldoiridiumcomplexOLEDOLED Ir Pt Os100 % 30. :1. TFT of AMOLED : IGZO50 nm, Ti/Al/Mo50/150/50 nm2. OLED: Ba,Ca,Mg,Li(F)117 nm, Al,Ag117 nm, ITO113nm, Emissive layer(EML)45 nm3. AMOLED35%, 201370%4. AMOLEDPMOLED5. 2010SamsungOLED48.8%AMOLED98~99%6. LightingPMOLEDLighting7. IGZO: 2011-1/4, 2012-1/3, 2013-1/28. AMOLED top/bottomemission : 2011-50/50, 2012-70/30, 2013-90/109. ,10~20 um (cathode20um10um)TFT for AMOLED ITOAgCa,Mg,Li Al,Ag (Kg)(Anode)(Anode)(Cathode) (Cathode) IGZOTi Al Mo 2011 750.3404.7 196.01181.859.89173.88 312.50 396.60 2012 750.2739.0 201.61215.1 104.17226.81 407.62 517.33 2013 744.9 1080.4 205.91241.2 177.67257.89 463.49 588.231. Sputter92. Evaporation5 31. CONCLUSION OLEDDisplayLightingSmartphone 2015AMOLED OLED : (Ir) Anode: ITO & Ag (alloy) target Cathode: Ca/Al, Mg/Ag, LiF/Al () TFT of AMOLED: Al, Mo, (Ti), IGZO, (ITZO) 32. 2012/1/932 33. Sharp :12iPhoneiPadOLED20122013 OLEDiPadiPhoneiTV2015OLED 2012AMOLED5~7(45~64)LG Display20121(9.9)2012LG Display2(19)AMOLED50% LG Display20128.5OLEDTFT LCD LG Display28(P82)OLEDLG DisplayOLED Sumitomo Chemical50%OLED PLEDOLEDOLED30AMOLED2012/1/9 33 34. 2012/1/9 34 35. OLEDAg Al Li Mg Ca In(Mg:Ag)(Li:Al)Mg: Ag10: TW574383 1Li:Al (0.6%Li) ()Ag/Cu/Pd (Au, Pt)/, LiF,Li2O TW200912021MgOAl2O3AlAl Al/Li ULVAC Materials TW200512307I-VAg/Cu/Pd/Ge FURUYA Metal (:ITO/NPD/AlQ/AlQLi/Al) 36. (Alq3)520 109 (Spiro-NPB) 450 109 Alq3 Spiro-NPB 37. Source : Mitsubishi Chemical 38. -- DISPLAY 39. PERFORMANCE COMPARISONAMOLED only shows few advantage than LCD Source : AUO