Introduction to Information and Education Technology 1

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Post Graduate Diploma in E-learning

Introduction to

Information and Education Technology

EPL 105

Dr. Mohamed EL Zayat, PhD, PG Dip, BcS

Principal Lecturer

Faculty of Educational Studies

E-learning Program

Contents

1. Scope of Information

2. Computer Hardware and Software

Basic Components of ICT

3. Computer Peripherals and HCI

Objectives

By the end of studying this module, you should be able to:

Differentiate among Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom.

Differentiate between computer architecture and computer organization.

Define examples of system software.

Define examples of application software.

Classify peripherals of computer.

Scope of Information Technology

What is Information Technology?

Computers

Communication

Technologies

Information

Technology

Information technology comprises

mainly computer and communication

technologies that cooperate to

facilitate storing, processing,

distributing, and accessing data or

related information and knowledge in

different domains.

Using computers, communication

links, and network components, we

can form computer communication

networks.

Scope of Information TechnologyIT Components

Personal Computers Laptops Servers and

Mainframes

Telephone Lines Optical Fibers Satellites Wireless

Connections

Distribution Switches Router

- Data represent the basic facts about an

establishment.

- Data collection or capture is an essential

activity.

- Data verification should be performed

before inserting the data into the database.

- Data elements are grouped, they form a

record, and the records are grouped in a

table.

- Database consists of a number of tables

related to each other depending on the data

model used.

What is Data?

Scope of Information TechnologyData

Scope of Information TechnologyData

Level 3 Records

Level 1 Subjective tables

Level 0 DatabaseStudents Database

Student Personal Info

Name Age

Student Marks

Course 1 (86%)

Course 2 (79%)

Scope of Information TechnologyDatabase

Scope of Information TechnologyInformation

What is Information?

Information is processed data to satisfy the needs of users, management

personnel, and data analysts.

Information

DataData

Processing Analysis

Scope of Information TechnologyDIKW Model

Raw Data

Processed Data

Large Volumes

of Information

Many Sources of

Knowledge

Computer Hardware and SoftwareComputer Architecture and Computer Organization

Refers to those characteristics or attributes seen by a programmer or user.

Examples of these characteristics include:

The instruction set (Add, Subtract, multiply etc).

The number of bits used to represent various data types.

Input/output mechanism

Methods of addressing the main computer memory.

Refers to the operational units (such as the Arithmetic and Logic Unit

(ALU) and Control Unit (CU) and their interconnections that realize the architectural

specification .These include:

Control signals needed for executing arithmetic operations

Memory technology used

Connection to the different peripherals like Printers, display units and so on.

Computers

Computer Hardware and SoftwareTypes of Computer systems

Personal Computers Laptops Handheld Computer

Servers and Mainframes Server Farm Supercomputers


Network – Centered Computation

LAN WAN Intranet Internet

Embedded Computers


Future of Computer systems

Autonomic Computing is inspired by the human nervous system and aims at realizing

computing systems and applications capable of managing themselves with minimum human

intervention.

Quantum Computing makes use of concepts based on quantum physics to design

computers that can solve problems much more efficiently than current computers.

BioComputers use biologically derived materials (e.g. DNA and Proteins) to perform

computations. It makes use of Nano-biotechnology to build the chemical components

necessary to build such computers

Computer Hardware and SoftwareTypes of System Software

Operating Systems Language Compilers and Interpreters

Windows Linux Java Scripts C & C++ HTML & XML

DBMS System Support

Computer Hardware and SoftwareTypes of Application Software

Examples of Application Software

1- University Information Systems.

2- Airline Reservation Systems.

3- Hospital Information Systems.

4- Data Mining and Visualization Systems.

5- Decision Support Systems (DSS).

6- Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

7- Graphics, Multimedia and virtual reality applications.

8- Artificial Intelligence Applications.


Graphics, Multimedia and Virtual Reality Applications

Graphics

• Computer Aided Design

• Computer Art and Entertainment

• Education and Training

• Visualization

Multimedia Software

• Text

• Sound

• Graphics

• Animation

• Video

Virtual Reality

• Head Mounted Display (HMD)

• Data Glove

• Scientific visualization

• Sound simulation

• Weather simulation

• Medical Modeling


Artificial Intelligence Application

What Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is concerned with studying thought processes in

humans, and then tries to implement some aspects of these processes in computers

and robots.

Types of Artificial Intelligence Application

Types of Artificial Intelligence Application


Expert Systems

• Knowledge Acquisition

• Knowledge Representation

• Inference

• Knowledge Transfer

Language Engineering

• Speech Understanding System

• Multilingual Access

• Machine Translation system

• Lexical Database

Neural Networks

• Modeling the Brain

• Pattern Recognition

Robots

• Intelligent Robots

Computer Peripherals and HCIPeripheral Devices

Examples of Some

Peripheral Devices

Keyboards and Mice.

Visual Display Units.

Printers and Scanners.

Removable Storage Devices.

Compact Disk (CD) drives and

Digital Video Disk (DVD) drives.

Sound cards and equipment.

Video input and output cards.

Digital cameras.

Radio Frequency Identification

(RFID)

Structured Cabling Systems

Computer Peripherals and HCIHuman Computer Interaction

Computer Interaction problems

Many computer peripheral equipment that are

used by humans do not usually take into consideration

the effect on the human sensing organs.

Keyboards, mice, visual display units, and

virtual reality equipment do not study the effect of using

these peripherals and the strain they may cause on

humans.

Some of these effects will be briefly presented

Focusing problems

Double vision

Headache

Carpal Mechanism Syndrome