Reading Vocabulary

Part Two

Main Idea

A one sentence summary

Umbrella statement covering everything in the passage

Let’s Review

Topic + Controlling Idea

Topic: the who or what

Controlling Idea: what the author is saying about the who or what

Main Idea – two parts

Same concept, multiple names

Paragraph: Main Idea

Essay: Thesis

Passage: Central Point

Main Idea

Main Idea

Implied

Author gives clues (implies) and the

reader puts it together (infers) to form a main

idea

Stated

It is actually stated in writing.

Paragraph: Topic Sentence

Essay: Thesis Statement

Stated Main Idea

MI = Main Idea

P = Purpose

P = Pattern

All three work together

“Don’t Forget MI P P”

Why the author wrote it

Three general purposes1. Inform

2. Entertain3. Persuade

Purpose

We naturally try to make patternsIt allows us to predict

All writing follows an organizational patternIt allows us to follow the author’s thoughts and retain content better

Transition words link thoughts together

Pattern

Moving On

Introduction to Reading VocabularyPart Two

Tone

What does your tone of voice indicate?

The attitude or feeling a writer expresses

We indicate tone with our voice

Authors use words

Tone

Tone Words

Everyday Words

Happy Sad Sarcastic Mad Really Pissed

Academia

Euphoric Melancholic Ironic Indignant Outraged

Hard working professor 10 years at the

college, next in line for the dean position Demographic shift – need Hispanic dean New guy gets job – last name Ramirez Professor writes a letter to the editor of

Orlando Sentinel about his feelings Tone: Indignant When does indignant change to outraged?

When the professor “goes postal”

Examples

Context = the situation

Tone changes within different contexts

Tone & Context

Example

AthleticAerobicFootballElementary schoolCollege

Trainer Instructor Coach Teacher Professor

All teach or instruct, right?Different names/titles dependent upon the setting

Example

Hot Guy No car McDonald’s BOGO Coupon “loser” “cheap”

Husband One car McDonald’s BOGO Coupon “responsible” “frugal”

Context

So Why the Difference?

Bias

An inclination one way or another

What is bias?

Shopping for a car – a minivan

Narrowed down to three choices1. Honda Odyssey2. Kia Sedona3. Toyota Sienna

How do I make an informed decision?

Example

Ask the Honda salesman? Ask the Kia salesman? Ask the Toyota salesman?

Why? So where can I go for information? Where can I get unbiased information so that I can make an informed decision?

Car Shopping

EVERYONE!!

Who is biased?

Looks: How many of you date ugly people? Do you have friends who do? Sex: Would you hire a female bouncer? Race: Racial profiling – Suspicious-looking man

on the plane; racism Religion: How many people believe their

religion is the “right” one? Think about wars… Age: Do you have a “cut-off age” for who you

would date? What about driving? Hiring?

Bias based on

Beliefs are taught We are raised to believe things,

value things, etc We are taught to be biased

Preferences = Bias

So why should we learn to recognize

bias?

Biased towards = feelings are positive

Biased against = feelings are negative

Bias

Fact & Opinion

Can be tested for validity Can be proven Can we prove or disprove? If yes then it’s a

fact.

HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH TRUE OR FALSE!

Fact

There are 5000 people in my 7:00 pm class.It is raining outside.The Gators lost the football game on Saturday.The time is now 8:00 pm.George Washington was America’s eighth president.Today is Monday, October 10th, 2011.Yesterday was Saturday.

ALL OF THESE ARE FACTS. They may not be TRUE but they are FACTS.

FACTS

Feelings, judgement Not testable; cannot be proven Reveals bias

You look good in blue.Burger King makes a better burger than McDonald’s.Sharon May is the best reading instructor.

Opinion

What if we do a study? Our class conducts a survey on what is the best candy bar. 96% of the class says Twix is the best candy bar.

Fact or Opinion?

According to a study conducted by Sharon May’s reading students, Twix is the best candy bar.

Twix is the best candy bar.

Confusing…

According to a study conducted by Sharon May’s reading students, Twix is the best candy bar.

Answer: FACT – Stating the outcome of the study

Twix is the best candy bar.Answer: OPINION – Not stating the

study, just the opinion

Fact or Opinion?

Reading Vocabulary

Main Idea Topic sentence Thesis Topic Thesis statement Implied Main Idea Stated Main Idea Context clues Inferences

Organizational Patterns Transition Words Fact & Opinion Relationships Between

sentences Relationships Within

sentences Author’s Purpose Bias Tone

STUDY!!

Use your notes, the slides from this and last class, and your “Intro to Reading Cheat Sheet” handout (BB) to study and KNOW the lingo! Your quiz will be Wednesday at the

beginning of class.