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Intro to Commercial Kitchens
Fundamentals of Planning and Design I Interior Design 321
Programming
Gather Information Observe the current facility during and after hours of operation.
Interview client/owner, chef/cook, AND support staff. Ask what
they like/dislike about their current facility.
Observe similar establishments and tour them if possible.
Questions to ask your client What is the menu? Are you providing food made to order all day or
take away/grab go items? Do you see any drastic changes to the
menu in the future?
How much storage do you need? How much frozen, dry, fresh and
cold?
Programming
Questions to ask your client How many people do you anticipate providing food for on a daily
basis? How many during the breakfast/lunch/dinner rushes?
How many employees will be working in the kitchen during the
busiest times of the day?
Where will deliveries be made? What day of the week? Time of
day?
What kind of equipment is needed based on your menu?
Ask your client if there is a establishment he/she likes and why.
Codes
International Building Code (IBC)
American Disabilities Act (ADA)Refer to ICC/ANSI A117.1 – Accessible and Useable Buildings and Facilities
U.S Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Code Local, state, tribal, and federal regulators use this document as a model
to develop or update their own food safety rules and to be consistent with national food regulatory policy. In the State of Washington, our food safety rules are located in the Washington Administrative Code (WAC), Chapter 246-215 (Washington State Retail Food Code)
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
1. Clean/Wash
2. Food Preparation
3. Cooking
4. Storage
5. Service
6. Delivery
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Clean/Wash
Includes: Three-compartment sinks, pre-wash sinks, dishwashers, etc.
Location: Near kitchen entrance for dish drop off
Wash area can be divided by specific activity – ex. Tray/dish rise off
area, drying racks, etc.
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Clean/Wash
A three-compartment sink is required for utensil washing. Sinks
must have adequate drain boards, racks, or tables large enough to
accommodate all soiled and cleaned items that may accumulate
during hours of operation.*
* Spokane Regional Health Department Plan Review Guidelines for Food Establishments
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Clean/Wash
A mechanical dishwasher may be used in addition to the utensil
sinks.*
* Spokane Regional Health Department Plan Review Guidelines for Food Establishments
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Food Preparation Area
Includes: Food prep sink, cutting areas, etc.
Location: Near cooking and service areas; have easy access to
storage areas.
Food preparation area can be divided by activity – ex. Veggie
wash/chop, dry mixing area, plating area, etc.
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Food Preparation Area
One or more food preparation sinks, with an indirect waste drain,
are required if produce is cleaned on site or if the ice bath method
is used to cool liquid foods.*
* Spokane Regional Health Department Plan Review Guidelines for Food Establishments
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Food Preparation Area
Food establishments must have designated food preparation sinks
that are:
a) Sufficient in number and size to wash, soak, rinse, drain,
cool, thaw, or otherwise process any food that requires
placement in a sink.*
• Washington Accessibility Code (WAC)
Chapter 246-215 (Washington State Retail Food Code)
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Food Preparation Area
Food establishments must have designated food preparation sinks
that are:
b) Appropriate for the menu, method of food preparation,
and volume of food prepared.*
• Washington Accessibility Code (WAC)Chapter 246-215 (Washington State Retail Food Code)
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Food Preparation Area
Food establishments must have designated food preparation sinks
that are:
c) Not used for hand washing, utensil washing, or other
activities that could contaminate food.*
• Washington Accessibility Code (WAC)
Chapter 246-215 (Washington State Retail Food Code)
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Cooking
Includes: Convection ovens, stoves, microwaves, fryers, panini
makers, grills, etc.
Location: Adjacent to food preparation area; near storage areas.
Cooking areas can be divided by activity – ex. Baking area, frying
station, grilling station, etc.
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Cooking
Verify equipment ventilation needs: Type I vs. Type II hoods
Type I hoods carry a listing label and are manufactured and installed according to the manufacturer's and listing agencies' requirements. They are designed to handle grease and include a number of integrated components within the hood.
Type II hoods are used in the collection of steam, vapor, heat, and odors—but not grease.
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Storage
Includes:
Cold Storage – refrigerators and freezers
Dry Storage – shelving
Location: Locate near delivery area
* Spokane Regional Health Department Plan Review Guidelines for Food Establishments
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Storage
Adequate refrigerated storage must be available for the separation of
raw and ready-to-eat foods.*
Refrigeration requirements are based on your menu. Cooling of
potentially hazardous foods will require equipment that is capable of
meeting cooling requirements for PHF’s.* * Spokane Regional Health Department Plan Review Guidelines for Food Establishments
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Service
Includes: Food “drop off” area, warmers, sneezeguards, etc.
Location: Adjacent to seating areas if applicable, food
preparation
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Service
Sneeze guards are required for displayed foods such as buffet lines,
salad bars, self-serve foods, condiments, etc.
* Spokane Regional Health Department Plan Review Guidelines for Food Establishments
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Delivery Includes: Inventory desk/computer
Location: Ideal to locate near loading dock/delivery door and
storage areas
Size delivery door (and other doors) to allow adequate clearance
for items stored/transported (ex. palates, dish return carts, etc.) as
well as for the installation of new and future equipment.
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens Support Spaces
Toilet Rooms
The food establishment permit holder must ensure that toilet
rooms are conveniently located within two hundred feet of the
food establishment and accessible to employees during all hours of
operation.
May be used jointly by patrons and employees, provided patrons
accessing the toilet rooms are excluded from food preparation
areas and unpackaged food storage areas.
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens Support Spaces
Janitor Room
A mop/utility sink is required and must be located so foods are not
contaminated.
May include washer/dryer for linen laundering, mop sink, hot
water heater, cleaser/chemical storage, etc.
Other
Provide storage area for employee’s personal items
Provide area for disposal of garbage, recycling, etc.
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Additional Information Hand washing sinks are required in all food preparation areas,
service areas and restrooms. Each sink must be equipped with hot
and cold running water with a mixing faucet, soap, paper towel
dispensers, and hand washing reminder signs.*
Handwashing sinks must be sized to allow employee to wash hands
simultaneously.
Floor sinks required for equipment that requires indirect waste
lines – three compartment sinks, espresso machines, etc.
Splash guards around sinks may be required to prevent
contamination of foods and food contact surfaces.* Spokane Regional Health Department Plan Review Guidelines for Food Establishments
Six Components to Commercial Kitchens
Additional Information All food equipment must be certified by an American National
Standards Institute (ANSI)-accredited certification program (i.e.
NSF). No home-style equipment is allowed.
* Spokane Regional Health Department Plan Review Guidelines for Food Establishments
Schematic Plans
Schematic Plans
STORAGE
WASHFOOD PREP.
SERVICE
POINT OF SALECUSTOMERENTRANCE
CUSTOMER EXIT
CUSTOMER WAITING/
CONDIMENTS
Materials Flooring
Non-slip
Cove base
Smooth, easily cleanable, non-absorbent, and durable
Examples: Quarry tile, non-slip sheet vinyl
Materials Walls
Easy to clean
Provide stainless steel finish behind ovens, grills, fryers and any
other equipment that emits high levels of heat.
Provide ceramic tile/stainless steel/frp (fiberglass reinforced panels
– most cost effective) throughout kitchen if budget allows.
If budget is a consideration, provide frp in wet areas and semi-gloss
paint
Use semi-gloss paint throughout
MaterialsCeilings
Easy to clean
Gwb w/ semi-gloss paint or mylar suspended ceiling
Countertops Smooth, easy to clean, anti-microbial
Free of breaks, open seams, cracks, chips, inclusions, pits, and
similar imperfections
Free of sharp internal angles, corners, and crevices
Finished to have smooth welds and joints
Example: stainless steel
Not to be used: Copper, galvanized metal, wood
Lighting
Light Fixtures in food preparation areas to have protective covering
over lamp.
If menu boards are used and are not electronic, provide adequate
light to illuminate boards.
Provide adequate light levels for the activities of the space.
Spokane Regional Health DistrictPlan Review Guidelines for Food
Establishments Before Construction:
Submit proposed menu: include all foods and beverages that will be
prepared and served.
Submit food preparation sheets: include a description of all food
preparation steps and an estimate of the maximum number of
meals served per day.
Before Construction: Submit plans – include the following:
1) Site plan
2) Building layout including food prep, dining, serving and storage
areas, and restrooms
3) Equipment layout including make and model numbers
4) Electrical, plumbing and ventilation system layout
5) Garbage storage and cleaning facilities
6) Storage area for employees’ personal items
7) Number of seats for patrons (if applicable)
Spokane Regional Health DistrictPlan Review Guidelines for Food
Establishments
Equipment Plan & Schedule
Important Points to Remember
GATHER INFORMATION – Interview your client and
their support staff. Research similar establishments.
IDENTIFY what type of food service your client is
providing, the spaces needed, and determine what
equipment is needed.
VERIFY IBC, accessibility, and local/state/federal
food code requirements.
EXAMINE the site. Identify entrances/exits, restrooms
(if existing), pedestrian traffic (existing and future),
utilities, loading dock/area, garbage
enclosures, etc.