Dr. Patricia Haseltine, Professor Department of English Mr. Chin Yi-Wei, Doctoral Student

Lecturer, Tamkang University

Outline1. Austronesian Language Family2. The Tribes of Taiwan3. Atayal: film excerpt Once Upon a Time4. Paiwan: Carver 5. Amis: film excerpts6. Tawu (Tao)7. Puyuma (Personal Experience)

How Austronesian Peoples Are Related: Two Theories

The Taiwan Hypothesis: Dispersal from South China and Taiwan

The Sundaland ModelThe Asian landmass used to extend to Borneo

and Java, but this ancient peninsula was submerged due to climate change 15,000 to 7,000 years ago following the last Ice Age.

Water levels rose. Many islands created. Migrations northward into Taiwan.

Austronesian peoples

Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Polynesia, and Oceania

Taiwan; Tribal Groups

Mountains East Coast

Hunting and FarmingProfessional PeopleArtisans

Multiplicity of Audiences andMultiplicity of Audiences and Semiotic Interpretants Semiotic Interpretants

Non-Tao Indigenous Formosan

Austronesian

A THOUSAND YEARS AGOFILM WITH SET MADE BY VILLAGES IN SMANGUS

ATAYAL

The storytelling is of a dream in which a tribal leader was told to move his clan to a new site.

The tribes reenact the history of this journey of the family, the discovery of the new territory where they can live.

A Thousand Years Ago

Dreaming and the telling of the Dream House Building – cooperation Searching for the right place for the tribe to live The men who search notify the entire clan

through a message by sending a special kind of bamboo down river

Traditional story motifs in the film

Atayal Dream Telling in Film

“I had a dream. That is a place that we have never seen. The lands and forests of our ancestors were flattened and covered with green round plants (the cabbages). Bears and water deer all hidden and disappeared. The lands were surrounded by high walls by other tribes. What kind of dream was this? What kind of message did the ancestors want to tell us?” (Everlasting Moments Text, 40-41)

SAKALIU, WOODCARVER(DOCUMENTARY)

PAIWAN

The director of the film is Mayo Bihu; the woodcarver is all about the Paiwan woodcarver Sakuliu and his wooden panels--carving

What he carves are figures of the ancestors, and he tells the interviewer that each of the panels has a tale. There is another tale in his work, however, a tale of the colonization. This tale is told in his carving of a snake going through many episodes of encounters with colonizers of Taiwan, the successive settlers and missionaries to the tribe. The snake emblem is also from a story of a snake mother who took care of her child until a woman wanted to copy her and stole the snake baby; she got revenge by killing humans until they made peace with her and worshipped the snake.

The Continuity of the Colonial History: Collapsed Story Events in the film, plus image of panel

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Cultures of Southeastern TaiwanTaitung County

Indigenous Cultures 1.Puyuma (Beinan)2.Amis3.Gamalan4.Bunun5.Paiwan6.Rukai7.Tawu (Tao) Orchid Island

Settler Cultures a. Pre-Revolutionary Minnan Hakka b. Post-Revolutionary KMT Military Culture

The Two-Fold Image of Southeastern Taiwan

The indigenous peoples of Taitung and Orchid Island have strived hard for their rights for autonomy and have to negotiate abouta.Ecological Degradationb.Tourism issues (a new amusement park)c.Nuclear waste disposal on Orchid Island

Interview with SutejHugu, CEO of the Tao FoundationFeb. 2012

“Deep Experience” Tourism Sutej Hugu, tourism should go beyond mere sightseeing to “deep

experience.” Heritage should be a place of pilgrimage and involves honoring traditional

ceremonies and craftsmanship. Moreover the essential autonomy of the Tawu tribe must be maintained as

is written in a joint declaration signed on December 26th 2011 by island representatives, including six community development associations, six Presbyterian churches, six Catholic churches, NGOs on the island, four village heads, the Lanyu Township council and Township Administration, and the Tao Foundation. Such a declaration is made so that outside developers will not take advantage of the resources of the island for purposes which would include tourism and over-development of resources. Such measures are important in the effort to cultivate a positive identity for such places as Orchid Island.

FISHING LUCKSPIRITS OF ORCHID ISLAND

TAO (TAWU, YAMI)

Orchid Island (Lanyu)

The Importance of Symbols and Images of Place

Nature’s Beings

The Eye of the Boat

For protection when fishing during the season of the Flying Fish in Late Spring

LOSING SEA HORIZONFILM DIRECTED BY LAWAY DALAY

Amis

The Director

Dalay won the Golden Bell Award for Best Directing in 2011.

He is also an artist and an owner of the most famous Taiwan indigenous

restaurant in Taoyuan.

Puyuma

Introduction

The Puyuma are one of the tribal groups of the Taiwanese aborigines, and the tribe is located in Taitung plain.

The name "Puyuma" means "unity" or "concord”.

2013/04/18 Yi-Wei Evan Chin29

The tribe is generally divided into the Chihpen and Nanwang groups.

There are two creation stories in Puyuma. They used to control the whole Eastern

Taiwan. The King of Puyuma - Penalie.

Mayaw Daw: Ami, Eastern Taiwan Hu, Tai-lu: non-indigenous, but

accomplished documentary auteur in Taiwan

Lin Chien-Hsiang: Li Daw-Ming:

Taiwan Directors of Indigenous Films

Conclusions

Importance of the Films by Indigenous Directors:

Recording, Preserving, Reproducing Moving Persons and Objects as representative of a tribal group.

Other than Representation: Other than Representation: Cultural RevitalizationSustainability : culture within nature

SourcesChang, Anna Beulah. (2012). Photos of Lanyu and Taitung. “The Declaration on Our Common Islands: Calling for Recognition of Indigenous Authority on Pongso

No Tao.” 26. December, 2011. Tao Foundation. Sutej Hugu. “From tribal governance and management to indigenous autonomy Arrangement on

Ponso no Tao” Ppt. Tao Foundation, nd.Tao Foundation. 蘭嶼部落文化基金會 . Facebook site.Tedlock, D. (1987). Questions concerning dialogical anthropology. Journal of Anthropological

Research 43, 343-344.

Wen-Pin Chen: Msgamil (Once Upon a Time)-- TAYAL

Mayaw Daw -- AMI: The Last Chieftan.Chien-Hsiang Lin: Hunting and Rituals --TSOUDaw-Ming Lee – Sakaliu --PAIWANTai-li Hu: Voices of Orchid Island --

TAWU

Directors of Austronesian Indigenous Films in Taiwan

排灣族 :太陽神的女兒─瑪樂芙勒 (2007/ 原緣文化藝術團 ) 執行製作 / 伊絲坦娜─舞瑪兒排灣人撒古流 (1994/ 遠流智慧藏學習科技股份有限公司 ) 導演 / 李道明末代頭目 (1999/ 遠流智慧藏學習科技股份有限公司 ) 導演 / 李道明、巴瓦瓦隆‧撒古流泰雅族 :泰雅千年 (2007/ 鎮西堡 新光部落工作委員會、司馬庫斯部落、 吾鄉工作坊股份有限公司、光之路電影文化事業有限公司、 靜宜大學南島民族研究中心 ) 導演 / 陳文彬

Filmography

達悟族 :野生蘭嶼 (2008/ 公共電視 ) 編導 / 尼克‧艾普頓 達悟作家 / 夏曼‧藍波安阿美族：失落的海平線編導 / 喇外‧達賴

Filmography cont.