Literasi Maklumat Kearah Pembestarian Pendidikan : Pembelajaran Berdasarkan

Sumber

Oleh:Bahagian Teknologi PendidikanKementerian Pelajaran Malaysia

Mei 2010

Fasa ekonomi Malaysia secara holistik

Labour Driven

1957

Labour Driven

1960-1970s

InvestmentDriven1980s

Productivity Driven1990s

Knowledge & Technology

Driven2000

Primary commodities

Assembly type manufacturing

Medium tech. manufacturing & Services

Hi tech. manufacturing & Services

Knowledge Based

EVOLUSI PROSES PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN (P&P)

PENGAJARAN

AMALAN P&P LAMA

• Membekalkan maklumat

• Memberi lebih jawapan daripada soalan

• Bertanya soalan aras rendah

• Mengguna sumber dalam bentuk teks dan bukan elektronik

AMALAN P&P BARU

• Membekalkan tugasan yang mencabar dan memerlukan penyiasatan dan analisis

• Memberi lebih soalan daripada jawapan

• Bertanya soalan aras tinggi

• Mengguna sumber yang pelbagai khususnya yang berteknologi

• Berpusatkan murid

• Berfokuskan pembelajaran

• Berpusatkan pemikiran

• Berorientasikan proses

METODOLOGI

PENGGUNAAN SUMBER PENGAJARAN DAN PEMBELAJARAN SECARA

BERANSUR-ANSUR

PEMBESTARIAN

Kelas maju pada kadar yang sama

Murid dibenar maju pada kadar yang berlainan

Murid dibenar maju pada kadar yang berlainan

• Guru sebagai sumber maklumat

• Bahan pembelajaran kemampuan sendiri untuk pengayaan dan pemulihan dalam bentuk media bercetak dan peralatan multimedia

• Guru membimbing pembelajaran

• Murid mula pembelajaran terarah kendiri

• Multimedia digunakan untuk menampung keperluan individu

• Bahan pembelajaran kemampuan sendiri didapati di dalam pelbagai bentuk

• Perisian multimedia untuk semua subjek

• Akses tanpa gangguan pada perisian multimedia dan jaringan Internet

SEKOLAH KINI

3 TUNJANG PEMBESTARIAN

Kebolehan mendapatkan maklumat dari pelbagai sumber untuk tujuan tertentu seperti buku, jurnal, TV, bertanya, berbincang atau Internet

Murid tidak tertakluk kepada kelajuan atau kebolehan pelajar lain tetapi dibenarkan untuk maju kepada kemahiran atau tajuk baru apabila ia telah menguasai sesuatu matapelajaran

Murid dibenarkan meneroka tajuk yang diminati tanpa terkongkong dengan kurikulum yang rigid. Murid boleh melakukan dengan bantuan teknologi seperti melalui kemudahan multimedia CD ROM, TV, radio, Internet dan lain-lain

Akses Kendiri

Kadar Kendiri

Terarah Kendiri

CARA PEMBELAJARAN PEMBESTARIAN

Dengan Courseware interaktif menggunakan CD ROM atau melalui intranet sekolah

Dengan Networking melalui e-mail kepada pakar atau pihak tertentu

Dengan mendapatkan bahan di internet

Dengan berkongsi maklumat dengan rakan lain melalui perbincangan

Dengan membuat “field trip” atau lawatan ke tempat yang mempunyai sumber maklumat yang diperlukan

Memperolehi maklumat dari bahan konvensional seperti buku dan perpustakaan tradisional

TV Pendidikan / eduWeb TV

TV Pendidikan / eduWeb TV

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BS, JPNTeras 1, 2, 4

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BS, JPNTeras 1, 2, 4

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BTMKPelaksana : BS, JPN, BTPTeras 2, 4

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BTMKPelaksana : BS, JPN, BTPTeras 2, 4

SchoolNetSchoolNet

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BSPelaksana : BPP, BS, BTMK,BTP, PPK, JPN, Teras 2, 4

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BSPelaksana : BPP, BS, BTMK,BTP, PPK, JPN, Teras 2, 4

Makmal PengkomputeranMakmal Pengkomputeran

Agensi Pelaksana: BTPPelaksana : Semua BahagianTeras: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Agensi Pelaksana: BTPPelaksana : Semua BahagianTeras: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Sekolah Rintis BestariSekolah Rintis Bestari

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : PPKPelaksana : BS, JPN, BTP, BBT , JNS Teras 2, 4

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : PPKPelaksana : BS, JPN, BTP, BBT , JNS Teras 2, 4

MBMMBI(Makmal BM /BI)

MBMMBI(Makmal BM /BI)

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BPGPelaksana : BPG, BSM, IPG, JNSTeras: 2, 3, 5, 6

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BPGPelaksana : BPG, BSM, IPG, JNSTeras: 2, 3, 5, 6

Latihan GuruLatihan GuruAgensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BPP, BS, JPNTeras 2, 4

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BPP, BS, JPNTeras 2, 4

Pusat AksesPusat Akses

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BPG, BS, IPG, JNS, JPNTeras: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Agensi Pelaksana Utama : BTPPelaksana : BPG, BS, IPG, JNS, JPNTeras: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6

Perisian KursusPerisian Kursus

PEMBESTARIAN SEKOLAH MENGAMBIL KIRA INISIATIF ICT KPMPEMBESTARIAN SEKOLAH MENGAMBIL KIRA INISIATIF ICT KPM

ICT MerentasiLiterasi Maklumat dalam era digital

Literasi Maklumat• Literasi Maklumat adalah suatu kemahiran

yang digunakan bila maklumat tertentu diperlukan, kebolehan mencari dan memperolehi maklumat dalam apa jua format dan menggunakan maklumat tersebut secara aktif seperti kata Anthony Robins dalam bukunya The Unlimited Power, “Information is power, action is obsolute power”.

…Information Literacy

• The ability to access, evaluate and use information from a variety of sources.

Christina A.Doyle(1992)

KEPENTINGANNYA * Murid harus tahu cara yang teratur

dan tepat bagi mendapatkan maklumat yang sesuai kerana maklumat memainkan peranan penting dalam kehidupan

…KEPENTINGANNYA

* Melibatkan murid secara terus dengan sumber pembelajaran supaya pembelajaran menjadi lebih aktif dan memberangsangkan

* Melatih murid, belajar berdikari secara beransur-ansur untuk memudahkan mereka menghayati konsep pendidikan seumur hidup

… KEPENTINGANNYA

* Melatih murid untuk menangani ilmu yang

pelbagai dan menjadikan sumber sebagai punca pembelajaran

PEMBELAJARAN BERASASKAN SUMBER

Tell me and I will forgetShow me and I rememberInvolve me and I will understand

UNDERLINING PRINCIPLES

All students have the ability to learn and progress, which can be enhanced by using appropriate learning technologies

Learning is a consequence of thinking, and good thinking is learnable by all students

Learning should include deep understanding, which involves the flexible, active use of knowledge

A NATION PREPARED “People …… will not come to the workplace knowing all they have to know, but knowing how to figure out what they need to know, where to get it, and how to make meaning out of it.”

Thompson, Helen M and Henley, Susan A (2000)

INTERNET SEARCH

The Internet is a vast source of information

• It connects millions of computers around the world

• Computers belonging to all sorts of people and organizations.

• All these computers hold information, some of which is free for everyone to access and use.

Malaysia is Sophisticated Online 16.8m internet users (60%) 2/3 of internet users now

also use social media Largest group of users aged

15-19 (17.9%) Over 33% of users have a

Friendster account 28% of home users access

blogs More than a quarter of all

internet users live in Selangor (26.1%)

One of countries with most bloggers per person in the world

Information comes from a wide variety of sources such as:

Organisations Informal Organisations

Publications The Media Individuals

Libraries Services Interest Groups

Books TV Teachers

Colleges Chat rooms Newpapers Radio Librarians

Schools Blogs & wikis

Magazines Videos Experts

Universities Email lists Journals DVDs Colleagues

Governments   Reports Podcasts Friends

Unions   Pictures   Family

Charities        

Museums        

How Malaysia Uses Online

• Get information (94.4%)• Text communications

(84.7%)• Education (64.5%)• Leisure (63.5%)• Financial activities (31.8%)• Public services (29.2%)• E-government transactions

(19.8%)• Online stock trading (5.9%)

Facebook: 6.2 million

MySpace: 2.1 million

Flickr: 1.5 million

Social network visitors (August 2009)

Sources: Alexa and Google Ad Planner, 2009

Friendster: 4.2 million

Twitter: 750,000

2/3 of internet users now also use social media

What Is Online Communications?• Web sites

Formal means for communicating with your audiences, content is important, needs to be “portable” for social media

• Search Primary means for people to find information on

the web• “Social Media”

Facebook, Friendster, Twitter, YouTube, Digg, Blinklist, FriendX, Wikipedia, Message Boards

What is Social Media?

23

Encompasses online personal publishing – blogs, social networks, comments on news websites, forums, chat rooms, Wikipedia, podcastsAs with the media, it puts government statements on the record

The Old Lecture

Domestic media(Bernama, NST, Malaysia Insider)

International Media(Wall Street Journal, Economist)

Minister Speeches

Public Rallies

Government Spokesperson

Public

The New Conversation

People can go anywhere to get information

Format doesn’t matter anymore

People share information with each other – sources are shifting

People choose that which fits their interest and world view

Business

Public

Religious Groups

Activists

Newspapers

Foreign Entities

Bloggers

Political PartiesNGOs

GovernmentCommunication

How can I find information on the Internet?

There are two main types of Internet search tools:

• Search Engines • Specialist Search Tools – Meta Search

Engines

SEARCH ENGINES• Search engines work by sending out

special Web-harvesting software to Web sites around the World to automatically create a huge index that lets you search millions (if not billions) of Web pages.

• Most of the famous search engines are run by commercial companies in the USA.

Search Engines

What are some widely used search engines?

SEARCH ENGINESPros

• Search engines are useful if you want to find a very precise piece of information

• Will find something on every subject imaginable Cons

• Can give you too many results – time consuming to sort through

• Can return lots or irrelevant or inappropriate information

META SEARCH ENGINES

Perhaps the best-known search engine is: • Google• Metacrawler• Googlescholar

How Do Searches Work?• Content – the words on the page• Tags, page titles, search listing• What other sites the site links to• What links point to the site• Web site traffic

Content Portability

ONLINE SEARCHING

• Finding information on the web can be a difficult tasks. This can only be due to the sheer size of the WWW, which currently contained an estimated 3 billions documents.

• Secondly, the WWW is not indexed in any standard vocabulary (unlike a library catalogue)

Using Search Engines and Meta Search Engines.

• For this tutorial, the search engines used are Googlescholar, Alta Vista and MetaCrawler.

• A search engine is a software that finds things on the WWW. A Meta Search Engines is a powerful search engines that search the Internet’s top search engines simultaneously.

Recommended search engines

• http://www.googlescholar.com/• http://www.altavista.com/• http://www.metacrawler.com/

What is Google Scholar?• Google Scholar provides a simple way to

broadly search for scholarly literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and sources: peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations. Google Scholar helps you identify the most relevant research across the world of scholarly research.

MetaCrawler? AltaVista?

MetaCrawler: Search engine that retrieve results in relevency ranked order; useful power search available with a template of search options. AltaVista : searches web sites and Usenet newsgroups with advanced Boolean and field search options.

Tips for effective searching:• If you know the site that you want to go, type the

address and enter! Don’t waste your precious time.

• When using the keyword to search, be as specific as you can. The search engines do not understand grammar.

• Be careful about phrases. Typing, say, virtual reality modelling language will return all pages that contain all four words, but not necessarily together. To search for the phrase, put it in quotes: “virtual reality modelling language”

Tips for effective searching: …cont.

• Use “not” to exclude extraneous materials. In AltaVista for example, commerce not electronic excludes searching the words electronic from pages, which contain the two words.

• Keep trying. If the first try is to much or too little, adjust the search and try again. Doing is the only way to learn.

Search Strategies:Online searches rely on the use of Boolean operators – AND, OR, NOT, often in conjunction with parentheses. How does Boolean operators work during searching: Examples are : AND – “Children” AND “Television”OR – “Women” OR “Females”NOT – “Mechanical Engineering” NOT “School of …”

Subject Directories

• Subject gateways to online libraries containing links and pages on a variety of topics or disciplines.

• Recommended sites are:• The Librarian’s Index to the Internet -

http://www.lii.org• Academic Info – .

http://www.academicinfo.net

Educational Organizations

• Services provided by Educational Organizations and State Educational bodies.

• Recommended sites are:• Statistics

http://www.statistics.gov.my• Research

http://www.esekolah.info/• Teaching Materials

http://apps.emoe.gov.myhttp://jpnperlis/muatturun.htm

Bengkel Pusat Sumber Sekolah Peringkat Negeri Johor, 28 April 2009, Sri Malaysia Hotel , JB.

Selected Home Pages –The Knowledge Portal

• These home pages provide the perfect gateway to lots of interesting sites and information directories.

• http://www.tutor.com.my• http://www.cikgu.net• http://www.jaim.edu.my• http://www.zoom-a.com/• http://www.eduwebtv.com/index7.php

Butang koleksi saluran

Butang Laman Utama

Ruang Carian

Ruangan Ahli

Waktu operasi Helpdesk

Pengumuman

EduWebTV Home Page

Taqwim

Video Pilihan

Berita Terkini

Selected Home Pages –The Teacher’Community

• These home pages provide the perfect gateway to lots of interesting sites and information directories.• http://www.cikguzul.com/• http://www.cikgu.net• http://cikgunooratsemi.blogspot.com/• http://www.teacher.tube.com/

Latest concept in library services

Virtual libraryVirtual Reference

Virtual libraries

A collection of materials from a variety of separate libraries that are organized in virtual space using computers and computer network

Or

A system by which users access information that resides solely in electronic format on computer networks, without respect to physical location on the information

Electronic Reference (Virtual Reference)

• Reference services provided online• Through electronic means – e-mail, chat,

instant messaging, etc.• Web-based reference services

(commercial/Free)

Electronic Reference (Virtual Reference)

Use of Internet as reference servicesSome example are:

http://www.ask.comhttp://www.abuzz.comhttp://www.askme.com

VIRTUAL REFERENCE

VIRTUAL REFERENCE …cont.

Electronic Reference Sources• Dictionaries

– http://www.merriam-webster.com/– http://www.e-kamus-malaysia.com/

• Encyclopedias– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page– http://www.britannica.com/

• Bartleby Reference– http://www.bartleby.com/reference/

Electronic Journals

• Some local E-journals that are relevant:– http://lib.upm.edu.my/onlinejour.html– http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/~library/oaj_bi.htm?I

d=3352

Bengkel Pusat Sumber Sekolah Peringkat Negeri Johor, 28 April 2009, Sri Malaysia Hotel , JB.

Electronic Magazines

Magazines and Newspapers available on the Internet provided by publishers on the Internet :http://mylib.pnm.my/e-resources/e-magazine/e-magazine.htmhttp://dir.yahoo.com/News_and_Media/Newspapers/By_Region/Countries/Malaysia/?skw=malaysia+newspaper

Online Databases

• Databases that are being subscribed and provided by the library. As the services are based on fees, the library provide user Id and a password.

• Using the password and user ID, library patrons can have access to the services at any internet location.

Online Databases …cont.

• The databases provide online journals on specialized subject areas.

• Please take note that users are required to enter the correct ID and password to activate the searches. The ID and password can be obtained from your librarian.

Some example of online databases1. EBSCOHOST – Business, Management,

economics, finance, etc.• http://search.epnet.com/login.asp2. Proquest (GPO and BPO) – Business,

Management, Social Sciences, General.• http://www.umi.com/proquest3. LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe – News, Business,

Medical, Legal Research.• http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe

Examples:4. INFOTRAC – Business, Social Science,

Management.• http://infotrac.galegroup.com/itweb/uitm_jhr5. Emerald Intelligence – Library Science,

Information Management.http://www.emeraldinsight.com

6. Wilson Library – Library literature and Information Science.

• http://hwwilsonweb.com

Proquest Main Page

Proquest Main Page …cont.

The internet– The Internet is not a new phenomenon.– It changes the way in which we view and use information.– Due to “the information overload”, we need skill to use and evaluate information.– And finally, we can maximize the use of the Internet for quality information retrieval.

KEMAHIRAN MAKLUMAT

Aktiviti Utama

Proses Maklumat

PENAKRIFAN

PEMILIHAN

PENYUSUNAN

PENGHASILANPERKONGSIAN

PENILAIAN

PENCARIAN LITERASI

• Membaca• Menulis• Mendengar• Bertutur• Memerhati• Melukis

KEMAHIRAN KRITIKAL DANPENYELESAIAN MASALAH

• Pemahaman• Sintesis • Analisis• Terjemahan• Inferens• Penilaian

Adalah Kemahiran berfikir

Maklu

m B

alas

PEMBELAJARAN BERASASKAN SUMBER DAN TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI

Penekanan ke atas pembelajaran bermakna danengaged dengan teknologi

• Murid dilibat secara aktif

• Murid sebagai peneroka dan pereka

• Pembelajaran kolaboratif

• Penyelesaian masalah

• Pembentukan kemahiran berfikir yang kritikal

• Tugasan autentik• Guru sebagai pemudahcara dan pembimbing

GPM dan GPB perlu:

- kerjasama (collaborate) dengan guru matapelajaran

- cari pelbagai sumber untuk guru dan murid- berhubung dengan pakar di seluruh dunia- menyediakan perkhidmatan dan kemudahan

kemudahan teknologi yang diperlukan untuk mengakses maklumat bagi mewujudkan komuniti yang ‘information literate’

- mendidik murid cara menguruskan sumber maklumat

- tunjuk kepada murid cara melayari maklumat dari pangkalan data

PROGRAM ICT

Kelab KomputerPensijilan ICT-Kelas Literasi ICT

Global School Network Aplikasi ICT Dalam P&P

PROGRAM ICT

Kursus ICT Untuk Guru

IT Community Kursus Dalaman- Panitia MP

Networking Preparation

PERPUSTAKAAN LUAR NEGARA

1. Library of Congress in Washington

2. The British Library3. National Library of Beijing4. The New Alexandria Library-

Egypt

Library of Congress in Washington

Library of Congress in Washington

107

It was founded in 1800. This library stocks over 30 million books

The British Library

The British Library

The British Library

Lobby Entrance hall

The British Library

Books Reading room

National Library of Beijing

112

National Library of Beijing

Main lobbyNational Library of China is in Beijing, China. It was founded in 1909. This library stocks over 22 million books.

National Library of Beijing

Reading hall

The New Alexandria Library- Egypt

The New Alexandria Library

Alexandria Library

Alexandria Library

Alexandria Library

HAPPY SURFING

THANK YOU