International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies (Vol 2 Issue 2)

International Journal ofEmbedded Systems

& Emerging Technologies

IJESET

JUL–DEC 2016

www.journalspub.com

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

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Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

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1. Comparative Study of Searching Algorithms for Databases and Present New Idea for Better Searching Javad Saghi, Morteza Zahedi 1

2. Microcontroller-Based Automatic Power Off and Bill Metering System M. Agnihotri, D. Bichwe, J. Bansal, P.V. Rao 16

3. Path Navigation SystemArpita Karhadkar, Abde Ali Mewawala, Mansi Soley, Mehvish Khan 25

4. An Effective Obstacle Alert Parking System Based on AT89S52 Microcontroller Using Ultrasonic SensorParag Sharma, Pankaj Tatiwal, Pravin Sinha 29

5. A New Prepaid Energy Meter Using AT89S52 MicrocontrollerShruti Biware, Kamashya Mishra 36

Contents

IJESET (2016) 1–15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies

Vol. 2: Issue 2 www.journalspub.com

Comparative Study of Searching Algorithms for Databases and

Present New Idea for Better Searching

Javad Saghi*, Morteza Zahedi Department of Artificial Intelligence Engineering, Kerman Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University,

Kerman, Iran

ABSTRACT

Meta-heuristics encompass a very wide range of algorithms, all having very different underlying principles. But all these algorithms are stochastic in nature. Big data is an emerging field. Big data has some of its own problem, some of them being the optimization problems. This paper gives a brief glimpse of Meta-heuristics and its algorithm, big data and its corresponding fields. In the last section we also explain how these algorithms can be incorporated with big data. Keywords: algorithms, big data, heuristics

METAHEURISTICS

Introduction

In today’s world, most of the problems are complex, non-linear and have a very large solution space. This requires the use of a technique that is capable of solving such problems in real time. Several of these are optimization problems. A technique used to solve an optimization problem is called an optimization technique. An optimization problem in computer science is a problem in which we aim to find a solution that attains a maximum/minimum score in some aspect. When a feasible solution of the problem reaches its maximum/minimum with respect to some quality measure, then it is called an optimal solution. Optimization techniques can be classified as stochastic and deterministic. Stochastic optimization methods are optimization methods that use random variables to decide for control flow. On the other hand, deterministic optimization methods are the ones which involve no randomness. A deterministic model will thus always have the same output from a given starting condition.[1-5]

Another classification for optimization algorithms may be - exact methods and approximation techniques. Exact methods guarantee the optimum solution though the time taken may be enormous for large instances of NP-hard problems, the examples are - branch and bound algorithm, dynamic programming, etc. On the other hand, approximation methods give results in a comparatively less amount of time but the solution may not be the best possible. The approximation techniques can be further classified as approximation algorithms and heuristic methods. Approximate algorithms are those algorithms which find a rough, coarse-grained solution to the optimization problem. These algorithms guarantee a certain quality in the solution but do not guarantee to reach the best, however, using comparatively small time frame. On the contrary, a heuristic search is an approach to problems solving that incorporates the

IJESET (2016) 16-24 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 16

International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging Technologies Vol. 2: Issue 2

www.journalspub.com

Microcontroller-Based Automatic Power Off and Bill Metering

System

M. Agnihotri*, D. Bichwe, J. Bansal, P.V. Rao Department of Electronics, Mahakal Institute of Technology and Science, Ujjain, India

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we implemented a system by which we can measure the consumption of electricity and also the system can OFF the device, when it’s not working for longer time. This implemented model is based on embedded system. An embedded system is anything that runs software, which is not a computer. It is a special purpose computer to perform one or few dedicate function. In this system, two operations are performed simultaneously. If any device connected to the circuit, the circuit automatically offs the device, when it is not in used and shows the bill of the power consumed by the device in the rupees. When the device is in working condition, the supply of power goes on, when it is not in used the power cut off, at the same time it shows how much power is consumed in that working period. The devices is connected to the circuit via relay and placed in the vicinity of the sensor. When the temperature of the device is increased beyond the certain limit, the sensor gives output to the comparator IC. The comparator compares output to the predefined value and produce output to the microcontroller. Then the microcontroller gives signal to the relay and the relay cut off the device from the mains. At the same time, bill is generated. If the relay disconnect the device from the mains, at the same time the microcontroller gives signal to the stepper motor to stop and the bill is displayed on the LCD screen.

Keywords: auto-power off, bill metering system, embedded system, microcontroller

INTRODUCTION

We use a lot of electronic devices in our day today life. Now-a-days these devices are being a part of our life. Nobody is intact of these devices. Of course these devices are useful, but sometimes it gives reverse effect on our economic condition, if it is used unnecessary. There are so many devices are in the market which control the power supply and save the power, but at the same time they cannot show how much power is to be used for particular purpose. In day today life we use electric fan, iron, microwave oven, electric heater etc. sometime people forget to switch off these

devices, resulting unnecessary power consumption. Here we introduce a circuit, which not only control the unnecessary use of power but also shows how much power is to be used. Our circuit ” Auto power off & Bill metering system”, which means it cut the power when the power is not required and also shows how much power is used when it is in working condition. Our circuit is based on Embedded System. An embedded system is anything that runs software, which is not a computer. It is a special purpose computer to perform one or few dedicate function. It is usually embedded as part of a complete device



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Path Navigation System

Arpita Karhadkar*, Abde Ali Mewawala, Mansi Soley, Mehvish Khan Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Mahakal Institute of Technology, Ujjain, India

ABSTRACT

In today’s world where every minute is important for all of us and so we must spend it accordingly that is the main reason why the use of automation in every activities is increasing day by day. Path navigation system is one of them. With the help of this we can follow the desired path without any trouble. Considering this thing, we have implemented a “Path Navigation System” which is based on interfacing of 128×64 GLCD with PSOC. The main aim of this system is to navigate desired path for the user.

Keywords: ARM controller, GLCD, path navigation, PSOC

INTRODUCTION

There are so many navigation system has been already developed to the people to go their destination place. GPS system is very common in automobile vehicle, aircrafts, mobile device etc. With the help of this, we can go to our correct destination place. But the GPS system requires strong network connection. Without strong network connection, we unable to find our destination place. Navigation systems guide the user moving from one place to another have improved recently with the rapid advances in positioning, communication, and spatial data storage and processing technologies.[1] In this paper, we have implemented a system that is to work with weak network signals. This service will work in the areas having very week networks like rural or remote places as all it needs is a very minimal GPS/CDMA connection.[2] It is based on embedded systems, which is compiled and burned with the software PSOC creator. Four switches are provided to select the desired destination, whose path will be displayed on the GLCD which is controlled by ARM controller. The displayed path will be in the form of arrows along with the landmarks and

images. We have also used an audio device ipod and an IR sensor for detection. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

The components required to make such system includes. PSoC (Programmable System-on-Chip)

Programmable System-on-Chip (PSoC) is one and only world’s programmable embedded system-on-chip integrating an MCU core (8-, 32-bit options), programmable analog blocks (PAB), programmable interconnect, programmable digital blocks (PDB and routing, and CapSense capacitive sensing.[3] PSoC Creator is the second generation software IDE to design debug and program the PSoC 3/4/5 devices. The development IDE is combined with graphical design editor to form a powerful hardware/software codesign environment. PSoC Creator consists of two basic building blocks. The program that permits the user to select, configure and connect existing circuits on the chip and the components which are the equivalent of peripherals on MCUs. What makes PSoC

IJESET (2016) 29-35© JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 29


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An Effective Obstacle Alert Parking System Based on AT89S52

Microcontroller Using Ultrasonic Sensor

Parag Sharma*, Pankaj Tatiwal, Pravin Sinha Department of Electrical, Poornima University, Jaipur, India

ABSTRACT

On grounds of safety & security, automation & protection are the areas which find their applications in almost all the fields as they make human life more comfortable, economic & less rigid. This paper is about for developing a module which assists and warn a car driver it continuously detects the obstacle so as to avoid accidental situation while reversing the vehicle. This system can be used in vehicles, handy tool for disabled person, robotics, medical field, measurement, agriculture and industrial applications. These is a microcontroller based system in which an ultrasonic sensor transmits ultrasonic waves from its sensor head and once more receives the ultrasonic waves reflected from an obstacle and inform the microcontroller which signals the driver with an alarm and controls the vehicle by stopping it. This system endures mainly the obstacle detection module, which is interfaced with AT89S52 microcontroller. The hardware circuits of entire system and the success of several key technologies are considered, including transducer structure and parameters selection, design of the corresponding circuit and AT89S52 microcontroller which is used as systems main control unit. Keywords: AT89S52 microcontroller, automation, embedded system, piezoelectric, ultrasonic sensor

INTRODUCTION The development in automobile innovation is presently pulling in electronics engineers. The reason is, presently automobile is not a mechanical system but rather gets to be intelligent automobile with an electromechanical system. Lately automobile are completely furnished with electronic systems and electronic sensors. One of them is Intelligent Vehicle Assistance System. The point of this system is to prevent accident with other vehicle or any protest while moving backward heading [1]. This system has been intended to help driver to prevent accident while stopping backward course. Separate sensors are utilized to detect the articles and used to

recognize the distance. The system utilizes distance sensor as range finder, microcontroller to process calculation. It shows result on LCD screen and ready people on foot by buzzer and blazing LED lights. The system is enacted when the reverse gear is applied. At that point it persistently shows the distance of the obstacle on LCD show while turning around. It cautions the person on foot with flashing light and buzzer. At the point when the obstacle is close i.e. the distance amongst vehicle and obstruction is underneath limit esteem the system consequently applies brakes. It first searches down accessible stopping region. The microprocessor makes a calculation about car length and accessible space and



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A New Prepaid Energy Meter Using AT89S52

Microcontroller

Shruti Biware*, Kamashya Mishra School of Engineering and Technology, Vikram University, Ujjain, MP, India

ABSTRACT

A plan of Electricity charging system called PREPAID ENERGY METER WITH TARIFF INDICATOR can encourage in enhanced trade stream administration out energy utilities and can diminishes issue connected with charging buyer living in confined range and decreases organization of labor for taking meter readings. Each shopper can purchase a memory card (is only an EEPROM IC) with a secret word put away inside it utilizing a MC program. The memory card is accessible at different reaches (i.e. Rs 50, Rs 100, Rs 200 etc).In our venture we have given the name for memory card as savvy card. At the point when the purchaser embed a brilliant card into the card reader which is associated in prepaid energy meter with levy pointer unit. The card reader will read the put away data and erase the data from the EEPROM IC (smart card) utilizing the MC program. So that the brilliant card cannot be reused by others. Assume if a buyer purchases a card for Rs.50/–so on. He/she can embed this sum through the card reader so that prepaid vitality meter with duty pointer unit will be actuated. As indicated by the power utilization the sum will be lessened. At the point when the sum is over, the transfers will naturally close down the entire system. In this paper, we additionally have an arrangement to give a caution sound to buyer before the entire sum is decreased. Keywords: card reader, EEPROM, IC, prepaid energy meter, smart card INTRODUCTION

Prepaid Energy Meter using Smart Cards is an efficient scheme of electricity billing. It is more advantageous to consumers and industrial power plant in terms of revenue and power sector reforms.[1] Electricity is a main source of energy in the world and used in every civilized country for domestic, commercial and industrial purpose. Currently owing to raise in number of new housing, commercial and industrial developments in India, the number of users of electricity have been increased in the network distribution. The monthly power bill for the consumers is evaluated from post-paid meter reading based on the electricity consumption. But the disadvantage of this system is that meter checkers are needed to visit every

house to read the meter for billing purposes. This is a tedious and error prone process. Moreover, there is a chance for electricity consumers as well as meter checkers to do the corruption. In post-paid system,[2] the monthly bill sent to the consumer by mail in the beginning of the month and all the consumers often need to gather in a long queue to pay the bills. This method is tedious and time consuming. In this paper, a prepaid energy meter (PPM) system[3] has been designed. Each consumer has to install digitally designed prepaid energy meter along with smart card in their home, office, etc.

International Journal ofEmbedded Systems

& Emerging Technologies

IJESET

JUL–DEC 2016

www.journalspub.com

Mechanical Engineering

Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering

Architecture

Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India

E-mail: [email protected]

¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications

¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering

and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and

Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and

Automation

« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging

Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog

Signals

« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning

« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning

« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development

« International Journal of Town Planning and Management

Applied Mechanics

5 more...

1 more...

2 more...2 more...

5 more...

Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms

Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology

« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences

Physics

« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization

« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution

Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and

Planning

Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication

Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and

Circuits

Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical

Engineering

Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular

Engineering

« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour

« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing

« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis

« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics

« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements

5 more...4 more...

3 more...

Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and

Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and

Applications3 more...

Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing

5 more... 4 more...

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