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International Comparative Studies in School Digitalization
Shimpei TOYOFUKU
GLOCOM IUJ
Critical Gap between Home and School
Students using PC in home
80.8%
5-6 Gr. Female Students Own Mobile Phone
59.0%
Students Own Potable Game
Machine
73.3%
Forced Hand WritingPrinted Matters in vain
No e-mail No SNS
http://www.hakuhodody-media.co.jp/newsrelease/report/20120725_6344.html
Survey for Elementary School Children in 2012
Behind 20 years
Why Japanese schools are negative for digitalization ?
How to change our system by learning from uniqueness of Scandinavian countries ?
Companies are heating upfor ICT use in home education
Young Edu-Tech Companies
JP School systems
http://www.mext.go.jp/english/introduction/1303952.htm
JP General Statistics
Population 127,130,000
E gr.1-6 J gr.7-9 H gr.10-12 Total
Schools 21,131 10,628 4,981 36,740
Students 6,676,920 3,536,182 3,319,640 13,532,742
Teachers 417,553 254,235 235,062 906,850
e-stat http://www.e-stat.go.jp/ population 2014.03 / education stats 2013.04
JP Schools Digitalization #1
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/zyouhou/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2014/08/08/1350411_01.pdfhttp://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/List.do?bid=000001050381&cycode=0
Ratio of students to computers 6.5
Internet accessible general classroom 85.5% Wi-Fi 21.2%
High-Speed Internet Access (over 30Mbps) 79.0%
Computers for teachers 111.1%
e-mail for teachers 62.9% (E/J 53% H 91%)
JP Schools Digitalization #2
http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/shotou/zyouhou/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2014/08/08/1350411_01.pdfhttp://www.e-stat.go.jp/SG1/estat/List.do?bid=000001050381&cycode=0
IWB : Interactive White Board 76.4% 2.2 /school
OHC : Over Head Camera 4.4 /school
Tablet PC for instruction 2.0 /school
System for office-work in school 80.3%
General ICT Teaching Set in Class / Netherlands 2010
SuspendedProjector
Desktop PCfor teacher
Fixed IWB
Temporary ICT Teaching Set in Class / model case in Japan 2012
TemporaryScreen
TemporaryNote-PC &Projector
Digital Environment in school
JP FI/DK/SE
Facilities
Computers in general classNoOnly 1 PC room in school
Yes
Projector, Screen or IWB TemporaryNeed to set up
FixedReady to use
Platform Services
Website, Blogs or CMS Yes Yes
e-mail for students No Yes
SNS for Students & Parents No Yes
Difference of Teaching & Learning Style
99.2 99.1 98.9 98.7 98.5
97.194.5
83.5
81.4
DK FI NL NO SE AU OECDaverage
KR JP
Percentage of students who use a desktop, laptop or tablet computer at home
94 9492
8988 87
72
60
43
NL AU NO FI SE DK OECDaverage
JP KR
Percentage of students who use a desktop, laptop, or tablet computer at school
PISA 2012 Results: Skills for Life (Volume V): Student Performance in Problem Solving - © OECD 2014Light Blue Items means No significance in test score between groups
Even if the model case …
• 21st Century Skills & Key Competencies
• Digital Textbook
• Tablet PC and Wi-Fi
• Mooc and Flipped Classroom
• Collaborative Learning
Even if the model case …JP FI/DK/SE
Smart Device Ownership / ControlTeaching Material
Learners’ Stationary
Digitalized Textbook Reference A part of Learning Resources
In-class Central Control / Screen Sharing System
Yes No
Cloud Service to mobile their own work (ex. Google Apps for Edu)
No Yes
Ethis class / 6 grade in 2013 Over 80% in lesson tablets are shut down by teacher
Students must do quickly simple tasks given by teacher
Japanese Teachers want use ICT as Something Special Magic Wand• Rarely use computers in regular classes
• Assign short work time to do simple task
• All works & items are completed in one-shot class
•Teaching Items – Black Board or Video
• Teaching Machine – Drill and Practice for Bottoming up results
• Method to Control Students’ Behavior
• Cause high stress on teachers
FI/DK/SE Case studies showICT is the Air to breeze for better learning• Using for daily life including learning in school
• Long enough work time for projects in class
• Sharing items through cloud between members
•Environment for Knowledge Creation• Notes and Stationaries for learners
• Guaranteed their own space
• Effect for Writing, Editing, Composing Abilities
Why JP Schools are Negative for Digitalization? Thinkable some reasons #1
•Hand Writing Religion• Over 3000 Kanji characters to learn
• First Japanese Word Processor was released in 1978
Why JP Schools are Negative for Digitalization? Thinkable some reasons #2
•Printed Matter Lovers• High Speed Replicators
• Low-Cost / Low Quality
Why JP Schools are Negative for Digitalization? Thinkable some reasons #3
• Teaching > Learning
• Finely defined national curriculum• Getting class period competition between subjects
• Putting more amount of knowledge to learn
• Restricted school autonomy for managing curriculum
• National authorization system of textbooksFree of charge textbook in mandatory education
How to change JP education system ?
• New Concept for Education• 21st Century Skills & Key Competencies
• And learn from whole school education style• Not only from hardware / service environment
• Also from Curriculum, Philosophy and School Management