1. Web: Email: 1. 2--112. 12-233. 24--274. 28--325. 33 --396. 40-- 487. 49--508. 51-- 559. 56 --5910. 60 --6111. 62-- 6412. 65--6813. 69-- 7414. 75--7615. 77--8116. 82-- 8617. 87-- 90

2. Web: Email: , , (00C.) (1 atm) , (1000C.) , , R NH3 HCl H2, O2, CO2, Cl2 H2, N2, O2 3. Web: Email: 1 , , , , NH4Cl (), , - , , R , k k = (Effusion) , , , 4. Web: Email: , 01. 02. (Liquid Crystal) (Mesomorphic State) , () ( ) 01. -CN, -NO2, -NH2 & - OR ; 02. (flexible) (rigid) 01. 4 - -4 02. 4, 4 - 03. ( ) (optical properties) - , - (digit) (temperature sensor) - 5. Web: Email: (violet to red) -, - (Plasma): - 104 - 105 k , 107K. (Unit Cell): , , : - , :01. SO2, H2S, C2H4, NH3, CO2, Cl a. + + (- 200C) b. CaCl2 + (- 540C)b. + (- 1100C) 02. - ( ) H HC 03. 04. (Isothermals) (Isobars) - (Isochoric Curve) . 01. , 02. 03. 04. - 05. : , ; 06. , 6. Web: Email:07. 08. ] .... 0K -2730C. - 2km. Cs+ I Cl- 167 181 pm. 273 STP = Standard Temperature & Pressure. SATP = Standard Ambient Temperature & Pressure. S.T.P = 00 237K , = 760 .. () 1 76cm 101.325kPa SATP 102kPa, 250C. 24.789 ltr. , NA = 6.023 1023 H2 I He -800C I -2400C. S.T.P . . , T0KE (S8) (P4) NaCl, , 8010C, 10630C, 15400C, 36000C 1 kg 1L 1000C 1 1 kg 1245 L. R ( )- :01. 0.0821 L. atm. K-1mol-102. . 8.314 JK-1mol-103. .. 8.32 107erg.K-1mol-104. 1.987 cal K-1mol-1 k.( )- 01. - 136 10-25L.atm.K-1molecule-1 02. . 1.38 10-25Jk-1molecule-1 , 7. Web: Email: 8. Web: Email: , , , , PV = nRT k vmi. PV = nRT . , u = , V= T = , PV = nRT - N2 ,O2 ,H2 ,CO2 () PV = nRT 1atm () ; ) ) ; : : (cubic or cube) NaCl, Ag, , (tetragonal) (SnO2), SnCl2, TiO2 (orthorhombic) KNO3, BaSO4, (monoclinic) Na2SO4. 10H2O; (S8)FeSO4.7H2O, (triclinic) K2Cr2O7; H3BO3; CuSO4.5H2O (rhombohedral) (CaCO3), NaNO3, eid (hexagonal) , , 9. Web: Email: : : : 0.73 0.41 - 0.73 0.23 -0.41 (- RbF, CsF) : Al2O3 Pb3O4 PbO CuSO4.5H2O ZnSO4.7H2O` FeSO4.7H2O MgSO4. 7H2O Na2CO3. 10H2O Na2SO4. 10H2O CaSO4. 2H2O K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3. 24H2O NaNO3 Na3AlF6 or AlF3.3NaF Al2O3.2H2O Na2B4O7.10H2O 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ; 10. Web: Email: SI m3 CGS / 710CConversion Of Unit:1m3= 103dm3= 106cm31dm3 = 103cm3 = 1L = 1000mL.[Nm-2= Kg ms-2m-2= Kg m-1s-2]1 = 1 atm = 101.325kPa = 1.01 105Pa = 1.01 105Nm-2= 760mm(Hg)IMPORTANT LAWS [ T ] [ P ] [ P T ] P = P1 + P2 + P3 + .......... + Pn [ , V ] PV = nRT 11. Web: Email: IMPORTANT LAWSi) P1V1=P2V2 ii)2121TTVV iii)2121TTPPiv) 2 221 11TVPTVP v) PV = nRT = RTMWvi)222111PTdPTd vii)RTPMdviii)12121221ttMMddrrix) Kvb Mvm wgkY A I B `yBwU Dcv`vb _vKj A AvswkK PvcPA I PB nj Ges A gvj msLv nB I B Gi gvj msLv nBnj GesgvU Pvc P nj- PnnnPBAAA .Ges PnnnPBABB .x) 231mnCPVxi) MwZ kw RTMwnRTPV232323EKxii)PMPVMRTC333xiii)2121TTCCxiv)1221MMrrxv) AvswkK Pvc,VVPfVVPf 222111 , gvU Pvc, 21 ffP xvi)nCCCCCSMR n2232221 ..............,..xvii) Kvb c`v_i gvj fMvsk =H c`v_i gvj msLvgvU gvj msLvxviii) Kvb c`v_i AvswkK Pvc=H c`v_i gvj msLvgvU PvcgvU gvj msLvxix) n- gvj Mvmi Rb fvvi Iqvjm mgxKiYwU njv- nRTnbVvanP )22(n2av2 = Av: AvYweK== == = == == === = == = ==== = === AvKlY) 12. Web: Email: `Atom , (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (i) (ii) , (iii) , , (iv) 13. Web: Email: (1) ,(2) 1. , , , 2. , , ,(1) , (2) , (3) , (4) 3. -() () : . . 9.1085 10-28g - 1.6 10-19C e 1.673 10-24g +1.6 10-19C P 14. Web: Email: 1.675 10-24g 1839 n - ; - , - 15. Web: Email: - () () () () - atomic mass unit (a.m.u) = 1.66 10 -24= 1 a.m.u ) ) , : (10-8cm) (10-12-10-13cm) :p+n = = p = , n = 16. Web: Email:) ) ) ) ) - i) ii) , mvr =(m-, v - , r- n- , h- )iii) :- E=[E - , h- , v- ( )x p =x = p = x p p x 17. Web: Email: -. - n, K,L,M,N,O,P - 2n2. l l 0(n-l) l (n-l) otherwise (s,p,d,f,.......) - i) ii) . m m 0 () l m=2l +1 - orbital . S orbital S - 18. Web: Email: - 19. Web: Email: : - 1< 2 < 3 < 4 < 5 -P Px,Py,Pz K-, L- , M-, N- s,p,d,f , 2n2 (n) (l) (m) 20. Web: Email: - (n+l) 3d n=3 l = 2 N+l=3+2=54s n=4 l = 0 N+l= 4+0= 4s C2> Br2> I2 : HI> HBr> HCl> HF -I->Br->Cl->F-(SO2,O3,Fe2+H2O2) : - (k3[Fe(CN)6 (KMnO4) -1 35. Web: Email: :. e- . . . :. O2 : 2SO2+O2 = SO2. : 2Fe+3Cl2 = 2FeCl3. H2 : H2S+Cl = 2HCl+S. : 2Cu2O+O2 = 4CuO. : 2FeCl2+Cl2 = 2FeCl3 (Fe 2 3 ). : Fe2+-e- Fe3+ :. e- . . . :. O2 : CuO+H2O = Cu+H2O. / : 2FeCl3+H2 = 2FeCl2+2HCl. : HgCl2+Hg = Hg2Cl2. : 2FeCl3+H2 = 2FeCl2+2HCl (Fe 3 2 ). : Cl+e- Cl- = = = = 36. Web: Email: : , , H2, Cl2, Fe, Cu Fe3+, Fe2+, Cl-, O2- +2, +3, -1, -2 IA IIA IIIA ) F -1) O -1) +1, ICl- I +1 Cl -1 -2, ( H2O2) -O-O- O -1 F O +1 ( NaH) -1 : Cr +6 -3Fe +2 -3Fe +3 -2Mn +7 -2Cu +2 0 37. Web: Email: : -, , , : - CuSO4, , :. . : -. . . PH -. . , PH- K2Cr2O7 : -. . K2Cr2O7- . . HCl . KMnO4 K2Cr2O7 :. . . : F2, O2, MnO2, PbO2, HNO3, CuSO4, KClO3, H2SO4, Cl2, Br2, I2, (FeCl3,SnCl4), (KMnO4+KOH) (K2Cr2O7+H2SO4)- , , : Na2C2O4, Na2S2O3, H2, C, CO, H2S, HI, HBr, (FeO, FeCl2, SnCl2),(Zn+H2SO4) , : SO2, H2O2, O3 38. Web: Email: 39. Web: Email: 40. Web: Email: , -. (Electrovalent or Ionic bond). (Covalent bond). (Co-ordinated covalent bond). (Metallic bond) -. - . . , : :. IA IIA IIIA ; . VIIA VIA . % 41. Web: Email: (Covalent bond) Electron Sharing / , , H2,O2,N2, F2,Cl2,H2O, CH4, C2H6, 1. (Valence bond theory)2. (Molecular orbital theory) - Bond i. (Sigma bond)ii. (Pi : ) (Sigma bond): - bond bond s-s, p-p, s-p overlop . Overlaping . . . () bond: bond bond- bond 42. Web: Email:. - Overlap . Overlaping area- electron cloud- . bond . . bond p-p Orbital- (Co-ordinate bond) , Share : : : - O2, N2, Cl2 (CH4), (C6H6), (C6H5CH3) O2, N2, Cl2, H2 , , - ,, 43. Web: Email: - PCl5 P SF6 S ClF3, IF5 IF7 : -. . . . d f ,, : Mgcl2 Becl2 Mg2+ be2+ , becl2 , = , Na+ = 1/0.95 = 1.05 , bond i. ii. iii. bond -I. (Metallic Lasture)II. (Ductility or Malleability)III. (High electricity and heat conductance)IV. (Easily electron remove) 44. Web: Email: (Hydrogen bond)i. electronegative atom electropositive atom ii. Electrostatic iii. / iv. v. vi. vii. , viii. ) ( )- H2O, HF, C2H5OH ) ( )- (hybridization). Orbital, hybridization Orbital electron . Hybridization Orbital . Hybridization Orbital direction . Hybridization . (angle) . loon pair electrons lp loonpair, bp bond pair. sp, sp2, sp3, sp3d, sp3d2, sp3d3 45. Web: Email: : - NaCl, MgCl2 NaF MgO (Hydration) - CH4, Cl2 - 129C - -253C - 3500C C2H6O - ) (CH3CH2OH) ) - (CH3-O-CH3) 46. Web: Email: - HCCH, C-C , (head to head) 41.84 kJ/mol - NaCl (815C) MgCl2(714C) AlCl3 (190C) AgF, AgCl, AgBr AgI Ag+ F-Cl- ,AgF AgCl AgBr AgI NH4+ : (sp3 ) NH + H NH NH4+ H-N-H 109.5 , NH3, SO2 , , (C-C) sp3 sp2 sp PCl5 NCl5 - . . . AgF AgI 47. Web: Email: - Mg++Al+++ Al+++ Al3+ Al3+ AgCl, BaSO4 - K4[Fe(CN)6] - K3[Fe(Cn)6] HCl HF bond bond Be, B, O, S, P, N : sp, sp sp sp3 sp3 sp3 sp sp2 H2S -. KI KCl . LiCl . FeCl3 AlCl3 . MgCl2 ZnCl2 ZnCl2 48. Web: Email:IIA IIB : IIA ns2 IIB (n-1)d10ns2 : BeCl2 180BCl3 120CH4 109.5NH4 109.5NH3 107H2O V- 104.5 : 3600C 3730C 3.51 2.26 : Sp BeCl2, HCCHsp2- BCl3, HCCHsp3 CH4, CCl4, H2O 49. Web: Email: , : -N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 + (92.38 -1)2SO2 + O2 = 2SO3 + (189.12 -1)C + O2 = CO2 + (393.5 -1) : -N2 + O2 2NO - (180.75 -1)3O2 2O3 (284.51 -1)C + 2S CS2 (92.05 -1) - N2 + O2 2NO - (180.75 -1) > < = + ; + = ; > : > : , H = -ve , H = +ve 50. Web: Email: : E H H = E + PV (, P= , V= ) - 1 Cal = 4.184 Joule 400-500C 25C , Qv= H , Qp= Qv+nRT :H1= H2+H3 H= H0 = 787 57.32 H2SO4 175.7 25C , H , H (kj)HCl NaOH -57.34H2SO4 NaOH -57.44HNO3 NaOH -57.35HCl KOH -57.43 51. Web: Email: kj/molH-H 435.5H-Cl 432C-H 415Cl-Cl 243C-C 344H-F 563H-Br 366H-I 299O-H 463C-Cl 328 : : 25C 1 atm Hf : 1 atm 1 , HC : :25C 1 mol H+ 1 mol -57.34 kj- : 52. Web: Email:- :. . . ( ) :. . . , - ; 95.6% ( 78.3C) 4.4% (100C) 78.1C - KNO3 ; H=0 10-7cm 10-7cm 10-4cm - ; - , 53. Web: Email: : :. . :. . . . . :. - . - . , . , . . . ; : - , - - - - - , 54. Web: Email: : -- / - . . HCl. H2SO4. CH3COOH. . N2 O2 - . HNO3. - . . . . / - . CCl4. . . CHCl3 - . - . . . - . H2SO4. (HCl, HBr, HI) . HCl . HNO3 . (C5H5N) . :. . . . 55. Web: Email: : , C() C1-C4 20 C1-C4 20 , , C1-C4 20 , C5-C11 20-200 C5-C6 30-60 C6-C8 60-100 C8-C11 100-300 C12-C16 200-300 C16-C20 300 C18-C22 380 C20-C30()50-60 , >C30 >C30 56. Web: Email: (Chemical Equlibrium) : () :3. : : . . . , . 57. Web: Email: ? : -) ) ) :) ) ) ) ) , ) ) - ) ) ) , , chemical equilibrium Dynamic equilibrium (Law of Mass Action) (T constant) Kp Kc ( ) (K) :) K ) K ) ) K K 58. Web: Email:Kp Kc : = constant KcKc Kp :) , n=o, Kc Kp ) , Kc mol L-1, Kp atm KPa) , n=-2, , Kc mol-2L2, Kp (atm)-2 (KPa)-2) , n=2, , Kc mol2L-2, Kp (atm)2 (KPa)2 H2SO4 ::S+O2 SO22SO2+O2 2SO3+192.5KjSO3+H2OH2SO4:-450-5500C : V2O5 Pt. :1.7 atm/2.0 atm 59. Web: Email: :: N2+3H2 2NH3+92.38kj.:-450-5500C : Fe : 200 atm ::N2+O2 2NO-H : .- : , , , - , :) ) :) , ) ) n 60. Web: Email:- , , () - , , - HCl H++ Cl-; HCl , - H2SO4 2H++ SO4--; H2SO4 , -NH3 + H+ NH4+ , -PO43-+ 3H+ H3PO4 , 25C 110-14 PH= -log[H+] PH= 7 , KW= [OH-][H+] Ph= POH= -log 10-7= 7 (H3O+) PH PH= 7.4 PH 9.5 PH 5.0-5.5, PH 7.0 PH 7.0-8.0 61. Web: Email: PH 3.0 10.0 (microorganism) PH (KNO3, NaNO3, NH4NO3) ( ) PH : PH=Pka+log , Ka Kb = 2C , Ka = Kc =[ ][ ] [H+] = [OH-]= 10-7g/dm3 :- PH - HCl-Na2CO3 3.0-6.5 - CH3COOH-NaOH 8.0-10.0 - HCl-NaOH 3.0-10.0 - CH3COOH-NH4OH 0 : PH 3.1-4.0 4.2-6.3 8.3-10 3.0-4.6 2.9-4.0 1.2-2.8 7.2-8.8 6.8-8.4 6.0-7.6 6.0-8.0 3.8-4.0 62. Web: Email: -. . . -. ( ). , - , , , , , , - , , , ,, , , ; - -: : , , W Q W=ZQ=ZIt : :. . , , :. . % , . 63. Web: Email: :. . 1 mol 1F 1 mol 2F 1 mol 3F : , , 86.48% 1.0 sec 1.0 amp 1 Ag, 1 Cu 1 Cr 96500C, 296500C 396500C - Ag+1 +e-1 1 Ag196500C = 1FCu++1 2e-2 Cu1 296500C = 2FCr3+1 3e-3 Cr1 396500C = 3F , H2SO4, CuSO4 AgNO3 1 , , -H = 0.0000104gCu = 31.740.0001036 = 0.0003292gAg = 107.880.00001036 = 0.001118g 64. Web: Email: , -H = = 96525 Cu = = 96537 Ag = = 96494 , 96500 (Cmol-1) , W=ZIT 99.95% Ag- = 0.001118O- = 0.0000829 :. NaCl Na . Hg NaCl NaOH, H2 Cl2 . NaCl (I) NaClO . CaCl2 MgCl2 Ca Mg . (Al2O3) Al . . . : NaCl Na(M) Cl2(g)NaCl H2(g) Cl2(g)CuSO4 Cu(M) O2(g)H2SO4 H2(g) O2(g)CuSO4 Cu(M) Cu(II) PbCl2 Pb(M) Cl2(g)KNO3 H2(g) O2(g)NaOH H2(g) O2(g) 65. Web: Email: , , -. , - . , - - , pH pH NH4Cl MnO2 -. 1 molar . 1 atm . 25C (298K) . , : -. , ; . . . - , - ECell = Eox(anode) Eox(cathode)ECell = Eox(anode) = Eox(cathode) = 66. Web: Email: - Ag/Ag+ Pt, H2(g)/H-(aq)E = +, :. - . - . . . - : : Zn/ZnSO4 CuSO4/Cu () Zn/ZnSO4 CuSO4/Cu -ECell = EOCell -[ ][ ],ECell = T = n = [ ] = F = ()EOCell = , (+) 67. Web: Email: . . . MnO3, , ZnCl2 NH4Cl . MnO2 .... MnO2 H2(g) . 1.5 Volt : - Zn-2e- Zn++ - 2NH+4+2MnO2+4H2O+2e- 2NH4OH+2Mn(OH)3 (E.m.f)- 1.5 Volt . . 1.15 H2SO4 . Pb3O4(PbO2+PbO) H2SO4 PbO H2SO4 . H2SO4 1.15 E.m.f 2.03 Volt. E.m.f 1.7 Volt . 12 Volt . . . (Ni2O3) . E.m.f 1.35 Volt 68. Web: Email:25C : 25C ( , )Li+/Li -3.05K+/K -2.93Ca++/Ca -2.87Na+/Na -2.71Mg2+/Mg -2.37Al3+/Al -1.66Mn++/Mn -1.18Zn++/Zn -0.76Cr++/Cr -0.74Fe2+/Fe -0.44Cd++/Cd -0.40Co++/Co -0.28Ni++/Ni -0.25Sn2+/Sn -0.14Pb2+/Pb -0.13H+/H2(g), Pt 0.00Sn4+/Sn, Pt +0.15Cl-/AgCl(s), Ag +0.22Cl-/Hg2Cl2(s), Hg +0.28Cu2-/Cu +0.34I-/I2, Pt +0.54Ag+/Ag +0.80Br-/Br2, Pt +1.08Cl-/Cl2, Pt +1.36Au3+/Au +1.36Ce4+, Ce3+/Pt +1.61Co3+, Co2+/Pt +1.82Pt/ F2(g), 2F-+2.87HF, F2(g)/ Pt +3.06 69. Web: Email: :. . . -. - : 2NO2 2NO+O2. : 2N2O 2NO+N2. : 2HI H2+I2. : 2O3 3O2. : 2C6H5CHO C6H5CH(OH)COC6H5. :H2+C2H4 C2H6 -. 2NO+O2 2NO2. 2NO+Cl2 2NOCl. 2NO+Br2 2NOBr. 2NO+H2 N2+H2O2 - PCl5 PCl3+Cl2 - - H2+I2 2HI - - 2NO+O2 2NO2 (Pseudo-unimolcular reaction) : , - C12H22O11+H2O C6H12O6+C6H12O6 - HCl (H-) 70. Web: Email: :. . : : (Transitions state) (Activated complex) : (Steric hindrance) , Catalyst -Ra Rn+ SO2 SO3 As2O3 30,000 . : -. : , - . : - . - - : , - - - 71. Web: Email: (Mn+) - . : - , -) ) : : - . . . ; . (Promoters) : () - (Mo) 72. Web: Email: (Catalyst Poison) : , , As2O3, - Pt - -2SO2+O2 2SO3 As2O3 As2O3 , : NH3 N2+3H2 2NH3 Fe(), Mo()H2SO4 2SO2+O2 2SO3 Pt V2O3HNO3 4NH3+5O2 4NO+6H2O Pt-Ir CO+2H2 CH3OH ZnO+Cr2O3 C6H12O6 2CH3-CH2-OH+2CO3 CH3-CH2-OH+O2 CH3-COOH+H2O CO+H2O CnH2n+2+H2O Co-Fe-Ni C=C+H2 CH-CH Ni :. -- 73. Web: Email:. - 74. Web: Email:. - (h) -i. H2 Cl2 H2+Cl2 2HClii. AgCl AgBr ; ii. ; - : K = log K = t t -1(mm-1 s-1)-1-1(L mol-1mm-1 L mol-1s-1) 75. Web: Email: , I.P. (KJ) SiCl4 (Cl2) -H2O, HCl - Cs > Rb > K > Na > Li Ba > Sr > Ca > Mg > Be IA :Li = 519KJ Na = 494KJ K = 418KJ Rb = 402KJ Cs = 376KJ , ; - IA - Na = -79KJ/mol K = -66KJ/mol Rb = -47KJ/mol Cs= -46KJ/mol NaCl MgCl2 NaCl MgCl2 PH=7.0 , SiCl4,PCl3, PCl5 S2Cl2 -SiCl4+2H2O SiO2+4H++4Cl-PCl3+3H2O H3PO3+3H++3Cl-S2Cl2+H2O 3S+SO2+4H++4Cl- - , 76. Web: Email:, : Li Be B C N O F Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Ga Ge As Se Br Rb Sr In Sn Sb Te I C Ba ti Pb bi Po At : Li Be B C N O F Ne (C) 180 1280 2030 3700 -210 -219 -220 -250 (KJ/mol) 3.0 11.7 22.2 - 0.36 0.22 0.26 0.33 (C) 1330 2480 3930 4800 -200 -180 -190 -245 (KJ/mol) 135 295 539 717 2.8 3.4 3.3 1.8 (/3) 0.35 1.85 2.55 2.25 0.81 1.14 1.11 1.21 : Li Be B C N O F 1s22s11s22s21s22s22p11s22s22p21s22s22p31s22s22p41s22s22p5 0.123 0.089 0.080 0.077 0.074 0.073 0.072 : Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 0.0 77. Web: Email:- - III sp3 2050C Ge (C) (Sn) SiO2- - CuSO4 Al2O3, SnO, PbO, ZnO- IV-A - C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Ca, Mg, Fe Ca, Mg (Silicon chip) 78. Web: Email: - : : = 80:20:7 2000C 970C : Al Al- C C Al2O3 O2 Al -. : Na2CO3 . : NaOH . : :-. : (ns2np1) . : , 3. : B Al , ; BCl3 AlCl3; B2O3 Al2O3;BN AlN-. : , . : , . : , Al2O3 :-. : (ns2np2) . : 4. : , ;CCl4 SiCl4;CO2 SiO2; CH4 SiH4. : -. : , . // : . : . : , 79. Web: Email: ; -. . . , - , , - , ; ; : PbO, , , - PbO2 , Pb3O4 , , Pb2O3 Pb2OCO CO2 : CO CO2 NH3 HCl Cl2-Cl2 NaOH KOH 80. Web: Email: : Na2PbO2 Pb3O4 Al2O3.2H2O AlF3.3NaF PbS Na2O.CaO.5SiO2 Na2O.CaO.B2O3.5SiO2 NaAlSiO4.3H2O CO+N2 CO+H2Al- :. - Al2O3.H2O. - Al2O3.2H2O. - Al2O3.3H2O. - AlF3.3NaFAl- : Al- 70-95%Mg- 5-30%, Al- 95%Cu- 4%Mn- 0.5%Mg- 0.5% Al- 10-12%Cu- 88-90% :. - K2O.Al2O3,6SiO2. - K2O.2Al2O3.6SiO2.2H2O. - Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O 81. Web: Email: : -Al2O3+2NaOH 2NaAlO2+H2O -Al2O3+6HCl 2AlCl3+3H2O PbNO3+KI PbI2+KNO3 ( ) C+ Co+N2 ( ) C+H2O CO+H2 (water gass) CO2 CO -CO2+C 2CO Cl2 Al2Cl3+C+Cl2 AlCl3+CO Al+++ : AlCl3+NaOH Al(OH)3+NaCl Al(OH)3+NaOH NaAlO2+H2O NaAlO2+H2O+NH4Cl Al(OH)3+NaCl+NH3 82. Web: Email:- I - II +1 - I(A) II(A) ... - 819C Na2CO3- ... -II - Mg(OH)2 < Ca(OH)2 < Sr(OH)2 < Ba(OH)2 ... - ( ) , - (Na) (K) (Ca) (CaSO4)2.H2O : 120C 2(CaSO4.2H2O)(CaSO4.2H2O)+3H2O 83. Web: Email: : Na2CO3.10H2O NaCl Na2CO3 CaSO4.2H2O ZnSO4.7H2O CaCO3.MgCO3 Ca(OH)2 CaO Ca(OCl)Cl : :. - NaCl. - NaNO3. - Na2CO3.H2O. - Na2B4O7.10H2O :. - KCl. - KNO3. - KCl.MgCl2.6H2O. - K2O.Al2O3.6SiO2. - MgSO4.KCl.3H2O :. - CaCO3. - CaSO4. - CaSO4.2H2O. - Ca3(PO4)2. - CaCO3.MgCO3. - CaF2.3Ca(PO4)2 84. Web: Email: :. - MgCO3. - MgCO3.CaCo3. -MgSO4.H2O. - KCl.MgCl2. - MgSO4.7H2O. - MgSO4KCl3. - Mg3Ca(SiO3)4 : , - 4LiNO3 2Li2O+4NO2+O2 Na2CO3+SiO2Na2SiO3+CO2 HCl Cl2 Ca(OCl)Cl+2HClCaCl2+H2O+Cl2 2(CaSO4.2H2O) (CaSO4)2.H2O+3H2O : MgCO3 MgCO3.CaCO3 MgSO4.H2O CaCO3 CaSO4 CaSO4.2H2O Ca3(PO4)2 BaSO4 : / NaCl NaCO3.H2O NaCO3.2NaHCO3.3H2O Na2B4O7.10H2O NaNO3 AlF3.NaF 85. Web: Email: :. Na Na . IA- Na (Na2H2Sb2O7) - K2Na[Co(NO2)6]. NaCl CaCOI . 10% NaOCl . NaOCl : LiCl, NaCl, KNO3, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, Na2CO3 Na2CrO4, K2Cr2O7 KMnO4 / :. : I . : . : I (ns1) II (ns2) . : ; . : . : I- II- Be Ca Ra . : - Li Cs 180C 28C 1330C 690C . : I II . : IA IIA . : Cs > Rb > K > Na > Li Ba > Ra > Ca > Mg > Be :Na . . NaOH . Na2CO3 . NaCl Na2CO3 . . - . Na Na (i) 2NaOH+Cl22NaOCl+H2O(ii) NaCl(aq)+[O] NaOCl(aq)(iii) 2NaOH(aq)+Cl2(g)NaCl+NaOCl+H2O 86. Web: Email:NaOCl- :. 3NaOCl NaClO3+2NaCl . NaOClNaCl+[O] : [Ca(OCl)Cl] 40C Ca(OH)2+Cl2Ca(OCl)Cl+H2O : : NaCl (Na2CO3) NaCl NH3 CO2 NH4HCO3 NH4HCO3 NaCl NaHCO3 NaCl NaHCO3- 180C Na2CO3- NH3+H2O NH4OH2NH4OH+CO2 (NH4)2CO3+H2O(NH4)2CO3+CO2+H2O 2NH4HCO3NaCl+NH4HCO3 NaHCO3+NH4Cl2NaHCO3 Na2CO3+H2O+CO2 :. . NH3. 87. Web: Email: He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Noble (