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MentalRetardation
• founded in1876• world’s oldest & largest organization
concerned about MR & other DD• at present, it is now called AAIDD
(American Association on Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities)
American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR)
1. Complex condition
Perspectives onMental Retardation
2. Developmental disability
3. Limitations in major activities of life
MR is not a trait but rather a condition
Person with MR suffers from delays on development
Limitations in the adaptive skills4. Heterogeneous group of people with varying needs
The condition is accepted to be changeable
1. Substantial limitations in present functioning
Mental Retardation(1992)
2. Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning
3. Limitations in the adaptive skills
Person has difficulty in performing everyday activities
Person has significantly below average intelligence
Fail to meet the standards of personal independence and social responsibility
4. Manifests before age 18
1. Mild MR (55-70 pts)
Classification ofMental Retardation
2. Moderate MR (40-54 pts)
3. Severe MR (25-39 pts)
Cannot be distinguished unless they enter school
Good in self-care skills
May learn to talk, perform tasks if supervised
4. Profound MR (below 25 pts)Can understand but little ability to talk
• VERY SUPERIOR (Over 130 pts)
Classification ofMental Retardation
• PROFOUND MR (below 25 pts)
• Superior (120-130 pts)• High average (110-120 pts)
• AVERAGE (90-110 pts)• Low average (80-90 pts)
• Severe MR (25-39 pts)
• Mild MR (55-70 pts)• Moderate MR (40-54 pts)
• Borderline (70-80 pts)
1. Milder forms
2 Classifications(Current books)
2. More Severe forms• Moderate type of MR• Severe type of MR• Profound type of MR
*Educable MR and Trainable MR• No longer used
1. Intermittent supports
AAMR/AAIDD’sNew System of Classification
2. Limited supports
3. Extensive supports
As needed basis
Required consistently, but not on a daily basis
Needed on a regular basis
4. Pervasive supportsDaily extensive supports
end• 14 ½ years old• 5’3” tall• Medium built• Has microcephaly
Case Study of Raymond N.
Question: Is MR/ID curable?Answer: No.
• Normal at birth• Growth & development
was different• Profound MR