Integrated Science M2 The Human Circulatory System

Integrated Science

Module 2 Module 2 Unit 4 Unit 4 Lesson 3 Lesson 3

BEGIN

OBJECTIVES

The Human Transport System

The Human Heart

Blood Vessels

Types of Circulation

ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat

The Lymphatic System

Why do humans need a transport system?

OVERVIEW

In this slide presentation, you will explore various aspects of how humans transport substances through their body.

This slide set relates to the following

Integrated Science lesson:Module 2: Unit 4: Lesson 3 – The Human Circulatory System: The heart and blood vessels

You can access various subtopics in the Menu on the LEFT of the slide.For the activities, you will be asked to type your responses in boxes. To do so, you must be Slide Show View. You can enter and delete text only in Slide Show View.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



OBJECTIVES

On completion, you should be able to:

1. recall the need for a transport system in humans.

2. state the main components of the human circulatory and lymphatic systems.

3. describe the structure of the heart.

4. explain the heartbeat and relate it to the pulse.

5. name the major blood vessels associated with the heart and the organs they serve.

6. describe the structure of different types of blood vessels and relate the structure to their functions.

7. construct a flow chart of blood flow through the heart, the pulmonary and the systemic circulation.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Because of the numerous complex

physiological activities occurring within

each cell, humans have a wide variety of

materials that need to be transported

in/out of cells and around their body.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



What needs to be transported?

Wastes: e.g. Carbon dioxide from cells to lungs and urea to kidneys.

Hormones: e.g. insulin, adrenaline - from endocrine glands to target organs.

Antibodies: to where needed to fight infections.Blood proteins: to where needed.Blood cells: to carry oxygen or carbon dioxide;

provide defense against germs; and to help with clotting of blood at wound sites.

Nutrients: to all cells.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Diffusion is adequate to supply the transport needs of single-celled organisms like Amoeba, shown in the diagram.

But … diffusion is effective only over short distances and is relatively slow!

Humans need to take in O2, nutrients from their surroundings, to pass out waste, e.g., CO2, urea into their surroundings and transport other substances to various body cells.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Why do humans need a Transport System?

• The interior cells of multicellular animals, like humans, are too far from the body surface for us to rely on diffusion to bring oxygen and nutrients to body cells and remove metabolic waste.

• In other words, our surface area is too small in relation to the large volume of our body for diffusion to be effective.

A transport system thus becomes A transport system thus becomes necessary! necessary!

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




• In humans, materials are transported around the body by the circulatory or cardiovascular system.

• It is a closed system, i.e., blood, the transport medium, circles the body within a network of blood vessels.

• It acts as a “pick up and delivery” system for various substances.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Components of the transport system are:

Look at the layout of these systems on the next slide.

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THE HEART: Pump made of cardiac muscle. BLOOD VESSELS:

Transport tubes = Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Arterioles, Venules

BLOOD:Transport medium = Liquid plasma in which are solid, formed elements (i.e. blood cells and platelets).

LYMPHATIC VESSELS:Carry lymph = vessels, nodes & organs

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



The Human Transport SystemLayout of Circulatory (Left) and Lymphatic systems

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CIRCULATORY SYSTEM LYMPHATIC SYSTEMImage source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_system

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



The Human Heart

The heart, located in your chest, is tilted towards the left side. It is surrounded by the lungs and protected by the rib cage.

How big do you think your heart is?

Clench your fists and look at them. That’s the size of

your heart!

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



The Human HeartThe exterior of the Human Heart

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Left = Photo of a heart from a 64 year old man!

Use the diagram (Right) to identify parts of the man’s heart

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



The Human HeartStructure of the Human heart

The human heart is made of cardiac muscle and has a mass of between 250 to 350 grams.

It is enclosed by a sac called the pericardium.The heart is able to ‘beat’ i.e. contract and relax,

throughout life! This action pumps blood continuously around

our body.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




The heart is a double muscular pump that has four sections or chambers.

The two chambers on the left are separated by a thick, muscular wall or septum from the two chambers on the right side.

Blood from the left side never mixes with blood from the right side

Each side has a small, upper atrium and a larger, lower ventricle, that has a very thick muscular wall.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



The Human HeartInside the heart

Open this website; click to get the Flash Version without labels. Then click on the various parts to get names and to learn about that part of the human heart.

Also click to see the blood vessels that carry blood to/from the heart at - http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/coroanat.cfm

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http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/Anatomy.cfm

http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/coroanat.cfm

http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/Anatomy.cfm

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Now, watch the video up to 1.59 at the link below.

Note how the atrium and then the ventricle contracts.

Also note the names and locations of the heart valves and their function. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE From start – 1.59

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



The Human HeartQUICK QUIZ – Inside the Heart

Type your response to the question in the box below. You must be in slide show to type text.

1. What are the names of the veins and arteries that carry blood into/out of the heart?

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Q1. Names of the veins and arteries that carry blood into/out of the heart. Into atria of the heart (veins):

Right side – venae cavaeLeft side – pulmonary veins

Out of heart ventricles (arteries)Right side - pulmonary arteriesLeft side – aorta

Click for Click for feedbackfeedbackClick for Click for feedbackfeedback

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Type your response to the question in the box below. You must be in slide show to type text.

2.Name the four valves that are inside the heart.

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Tricuspid valve: Between the right atrium and the right ventricleBicuspid valve: Between the left atrium and the left ventriclePulmonary semilunar valve: Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunkAortic semilunar valve: Between left ventricle and ascending aorta

Visit the following links for more information: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9380.htm http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/valves.cfm

Click for Click for feedbackfeedbackClick for Click for feedbackfeedback

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/9380.htm

http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/valves.cfm

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Fill in the blanks. Click the CHECK button for feedback.

1. The right ventricle pumps blood to the ________.

2. The left __________ pumps blood to the body.

3. The right atrium receives _____________ blood

from the ________ via ________ .

4. Both ____________ pump blood into arteries at the

same time.

5. The left atrium receives _____________ blood

from the __________ via veins.

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CHECKCHECKCHECKCHECK

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Fill in the blanks.

1. The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs.

2. The left ventricle pumps blood to the body.

3. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via veins.

4. Both ventricles pump blood into arteries at the same time.

5. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via veins.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Your Heart beat

‘Lup-dub’ is the sound your heart makes as it contracts and relaxes.

The first heart sound (lup) is caused by the movement of blood and a vibration of the heart at the time of the closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves.

The second heart sound (dub) is caused by the same movement of blood and vibrations at the time of closure of the pulmonary and aortic valves.

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Want to hear a heart beating? Open the video on the next slide.

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Your Heart beat Listen to your heart beating!

Open the website below, click on ‘Pumping action’ and do the simulation to listen to the heart beat and observe how it changes with physical activity.

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http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/heart-article/

http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-human-body/human-body/heart-article/

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Your Heart beat Your heart-beat and your pulse

Each time your heart “beats” or contracts, it pumps blood into arteries.

As blood is pumped out of the heart the pressure can be felt in arteries as a pulse.

This rhythmic “pulse beat“ tells us the rate at which our heart is beating

You can measure pulse/heart rate anywhere an artery passes close to the skin.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood Vessels

Look for the fine, red network seen in the ‘white’ of your classmate’s eye. What are they?

Click on the picture for feedback.

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Did you say blood vessels? If yes, you are correct!

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood Vessels

Click to find out about types of blood vessels at

http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/upload/THI_Incredible_Machine_Cardiovascular_System.pdf

Look at how the path of arteries (red) and veins (blue) are similar!

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http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/images/art_vein.gif

http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/upload/THI_Incredible_Machine_Cardiovascular_System.pdf

http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/images/art_vein.gif

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood VesselsBlood vessels and blood flow through the heart

Look at the main blood vessels going to/from the heart by clicking on - websitehttp://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/torso.cfm

On the next slide, note the names of the major blood vessels associated with the heart.

On slide 23,follow the path of blood into/out of the heart via those blood vessels.

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http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/torso.cfm

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood VesselsMain Blood vessels associated with the heart

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Organ Blood vessels carrying blood to organ or region

Blood vessels carrying blood away from organ or region

Heart Superior Vena cava andInferior Vena cavaPulmonary veins

AortaPulmonary arteries

Head Carotid arteries Jugular veins

Kidneys Renal arteries Renal vein

Liver Hepatic arteries Hepatic veins

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood VesselsActivity: Blood flow through the heart

Watch/listen to the video from > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h60

On the next slide, use the words above the flow chart to

complete the flow of blood into/through/out of the heart.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7XaftdE_h60

smb://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Circulation_of_Blood_Through_the_Heart.jpg

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood VesselsActivity: Blood flow through the heart

Choose the correct phrases to type in the rectangles and arrows. Aorta, Inferior Vena cava, Left atrium, Left ventricle, Mitral valve, Pulmonary Arteries, Pulmonary valve, Pulmonary veins, Right atrium, Right ventricle

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Lungs

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

CHECKCHECKCHECKCHECK

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood Vessels - Feedback to Activity: Blood flow through the heart

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Right atrium

Right ventricle

LungsLeft atrium

Left ventricle

Aorta

Tricuspid valve

Pulmonary valve

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Rest of the body

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Circulation_of_Blood_Through_the_Heart.jpg

Mitral valveMitral valve Pulmonary Pulmonary veins veins

Pulmonary arteries

Aortic valve

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood Vessels Types of Blood Vessels

The structure of each type of vessel is related to its function/s. Note the structure of blood vessels at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ffSxq9iyB8&feature=related/watch?v=HNuPWdfjDoc&feature=related

The relatively thick muscular and elastic layers enable arteries to withstand the high pressure as the heart forcibly pumps blood through them to get to all body parts.

Pressure is high in arteries to move blood to all body parts.

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3ffSxq9iyB8&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNuPWdfjDoc&feature=related

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood Vessels Types of Blood Vessels

Movement of blood in veins is helped by contractions of adjacent muscles and aided by valves inside the veins.

Click the link to see how valves in veins work: http://www.youtube.com

Capillaries are fine tubes that form a network that comes into direct contact with body cells.

The wall of a capillary is very thin allowing diffusion into/out of blood to take place quite easily. Watch the video at the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q530H1WxtOw&feature=related

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http://www.youtube.com/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q530H1WxtOw&feature=related

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood Vessels How do Blood Vessels relate to each other?

What is the direction of blood flow through a capillary network?

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood Vessels Blood flow through the capillaries

Note that our blood does not come into direct contact with the cells it supplies.

Interstitial fluid bathes the cells in the tissue spaces and substances in it can enter the cells by diffusion or by active transport; e.g. CO2 can diffuse out of cells and into the interstitial fluid and then into the blood in the capillaries.

So, it is the interstitial fluid that actually brings to cells all of the needed materials and takes away their waste products.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Blood VesselsFormation of Tissue fluid and Lymph

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




1. PULMONARY CIRCULATION:The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the

lungs via Pulmonary arteries, then oxygenated blood returns from the lungs to the heart via Pulmonary veins.

Visit this website for more information: http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/journey/circulation_flash.html

Read about the other two circulations on the next slide!

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http://www.pbs.org/wnet/redgold/journey/circulation_flash.html

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




2. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION:Oxygenated blood is pumped forcefully out of the heart into the Aorta then via other arteries to all parts of the body. Deoxygenated blood collected from various cells returns to the heart via the Venae cavae to be pumped out to the lungs for oxygenation3. CORONARY CIRCULATION:The heart itself has its own supply of blood vessels which bring nutrients and oxygen to the cardiac muscle cells and removes waste.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Because of its arrangement and functions, the Lymphatic system is considered a part of the circulatory system.

Go to this website to find out more about the Lymphatic system.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kh-XdNnTZUo&feature=related (Lymphatic system.mov)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kh-XdNnTZUo&feature=related

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat




Image Credit:TheEmirr via Wikipedia Commons. Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_lympha

The Lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels, nodes and some specific organs such as the thymus, tonsils and spleen.

Click and watch > http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEIV6c61kx4&feature=related

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http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Illu_lymphatic_system.jpg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEIV6c61kx4&feature=related

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



Summary

Large animals need a transport system to allow the exchange of substances between the environment and the cells.

The components of this system are: the heart which acts as a double pump; the various types of blood vessels that each carry blood in specific directions around the body, and blood, the transport medium in which are suspended cells, and dissolved substances.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



ACTIVITY 1: Heart structure

Type the name of each part labeled A - M on the diagram. Click CHECK for feedback. Discuss any incorrect labels with your teacher.

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A – Pulmonary artery B – Pulmonary vein C – Left atrium D- Heart tendons

E- Left ventricle F- Descending aorta G – Aortic (semi-lunar) valve

H – Right ventricle I – Inferior Vena Cava J – Pulmonary (semi-lunar) valve

K – Right atrium L – Superior vena cava M – Aortic arch of the aorta

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



ACTIVITY 2: Heart structure and blood vessels

Answer questions 1 - 4 below in you notebook or in the box below.1. Why are the left and right sides of the heart separated?2. How is the pulmonary artery different from other arteries?3. Do the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?4. Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

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1. The left and right sides of the heart are separated to prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.

2. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood while other arteries carry oxygenated blood.

3. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.

4. The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because it has to contract forcefully to pump blood into the aorta to be distributed to the body.

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



ACTIVITY 3: Your heart-beat and your pulse

Try to locate your pulse and count the pulse rate/ minute. Ensure you use the correct fingers!

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



ACTIVITY 4: Heart rate

From what you have already learned about how your circulatory system works and its relationships with other body systems, why would your heart and pulse rate increase with exercise?

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During exercise, the heart has to work/beat harder and more forcefully to pump blood faster around the body in order to:

1.deliver oxygen to the working muscles because oxygen is needed/involved in the respiratory activities that cause energy-release from stored nutrients in muscles and other cells and

2.remove carbon dioxide and other cellular wastes from the muscle cells

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



ACTIVITY 5 – Question 1: Circulation 45

Look at the diagram on the right. What numbers, in correct order, show the path of blood during: a. Pulmonary circulation?b. Systemic circulation?

Type your response to the question in the box below. Click CHECK for feedback.

a. Pulmonary circulation = 1, 2, 3 and 4.

b. Systemic circulation = 5, 6, 7/8, 9/10,11.

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



ACTIVITY 5 - Question 2: Circulation 46

Look at the diagram on the right. What is the main difference between the blood at 10 and at 6?


The blood at 10 is being returned to the heart from the cells of the lower body parts, so is deoxygenated and has a high concentration of CO2 from their respiratory activities. That blood might also have a lower concentration of urea and nitrogenous wastes as it might already have been filtered in the kidneys. The blood in 6 is strongly oxygenated.

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



ACTIVITY 5 - Question 3: Circulation 47

What is meant by “a double circulation” of blood?


The passing of blood twice through the heart as blood makes one complete circuit around the body.

OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



ACTIVITY 6: Online Worksheet

Go to the website below, print a copy and answer all questions on the Worksheet. http://wikieducator.org/Circulatory_System_Worksheet (Circulatory system Worksheet)

When you have completed the task, click here to find answers. http://wikieducator.org/Circulation_Worksheet_Answers

Now, try this worksheet. http://www.biotopics.co.uk/circuln/heart.html

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



End of Activity

You have reached the end of the slide presentation and activities.

If you wish to review any concept/s in this lesson, go to the first slide and click on the subtopic.

If you have finished viewing the lesson, click the Close (X) button.

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OBJECTIVES


The Human Heart

Blood Vessels


ACTIVITIES

Your heart beat



CREDITS

http://wizznotes.com/biology/transport/introduction http://web1.caryacademy.org/facultywebs/joselyn_todd/AMTP/

anatomy_heart/anatomy_heart_media/anatomy_heart.mov websitehttp://www.texasheartinstitute.org/HIC/Anatomy/torso.

cfm http://wiki.medpedia.com/Image:Circulatory_system.jpg?

filetimestamp=20080827184800 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Circulation_of_Blood_Through_

the_Heart.jpg http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/health-and-

human-body/human-body

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Education

Integrated Science M2 The Human Circulatory System