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Infancy and Early Childhood: Physical and Social
Development
HDF 501: Lifespan Development
Wheelock College
Boston, MA
The First Three Months
• Physical Growth
• Brain Development
• Sensing the Environment
• Organizing Behavior
• Coordination with the World
Social Development
• Emotions and Facial Expressions• Infant-Caregiver Relationship• Communication• Autonomy• Identity Development• Moral/Pro-social Behavior• Self-Regulation
Physical Development
• Brain Development– Exuberant Synaptogenesis– Long-term Implications
• Motor Development– Developmental Sequence– Grasping– Locomotion
Four Questions of Developmental Science
Continuity
Sources of Development
Plasticity
Individual Differences
Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
Physical Social Emotional Language Cognitive
Prenatal
Early Infancy
Later Infancy
Early Childhood
Middle Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
Physical Social Emotional
Early Infancy
Body, skull growth
Brain development
Reflexes to coordinated action
Sensorimotor stage
Sensory input
Hearing narrows
Perception of faces
Coordination w/social world
Temperament
Sleeping/feeding/crying
Later Infancy
Changes in proportion
Ossification of bones
Muscle toning
Fine motor/gross motor skills develop
Caregiver attachment
Patterns of attachment
Social referencing
Communication
Emotion regulation
Sense of self
Development of trust
Becoming more autonomous
Early Childhood
Significant motor development
Brain development
Social learning
Moral development
Effortful control, self-regulation
Socio-dramatic play
Identity development
Regulate emtions
Expressing feelings appropriately
Pro-social behaviors
Activities for this Session
• Create an “Instruction Manual” for parents of children aged birth-5 years old.
• Reflect on the central questions of development science in relation to these stages of development.
• Observe your Focus Child’s physical development.
“The child begins life as a pleasure-seeking animal; his infantile personality is organized around his own appetites and his own body. In the course of his rearing the goal of exclusive pleasure seeking must be modified drastically, the fundamental urges must be subject to the dictates of conscience and society, urges must be capable of postponement and in some instances of renunciation completely.” – Selma Fraiberg