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–
What is a REVOLUTION?
A revolutionary change is any
system of social life because of
which new systems based on
new values exist after the
revolution
Major revolutions in the last 200 years
American
French
EgyptianBut all of these revolutions
have been primarily VIOLENT
in nature
The Industrial Revolution
was however very
DIFFERENT from all the
other revolutions which
have ever taken place…it
was PEACEFUL
No other revolution has
made such a great impact
as the Industrial
Revolution has ever made
- Jawaharlal Nehru
The Industrial Revolution began in England
Deep reach within the Asian continent
Defeated France and hence there was no threat to the East India Co
Had a strong rule over all of India
Had the ability to squeeze capital
How did
England fuel the
Industrial
Revolution
Additional factors which supported the r ise of the
Industrial Revolution
Support to inventors, craftsmen and intellectuals
Colonization and availability of cheap raw material Largest fleet
of ships in the world and a strong navigational capability
Strong support from the English government
Availability of coal, a critical component for mfg
Supportive climate for the textile industry
How the industrial revolution moved all over the world
E n g l a n d
G e r m a n y
F r a n c e
S p a i n
B e l g i u m
A m e r i c a
N e t h e r l a n d s
R u s s i a
J a p a n
The Industrial Revolution
also gave birth to
Capitalism…
Capital ism has its roots in sea trade between Europe
and the Eastern countries• At the end of the 15th century
European traders started trading
with Eastern countries
• European countries flourished so the
rulers gave both military and
commercial support
• European traders purchased spice,
ivory, scents, cloth etc from the East
using gold and silver
• However, this led to a significant
outflow of gold and silver and hence
there was a need to identify
remedies for this
Traders identif ied a manner in which to make
signif icant profits through cross sell ing• Traders started selling articles from
one Eastern country to another for a
huge profit margin
• Example – British traders purchased
garments in India, sold them to
Indonesia. With the profit spices
were purchased which were then
sold in England at a huge margin!
European traders also started
presenting gifts to the rulers of Eastern
countries to gain tax exemptions
The Industrial Revolution lead to signif icant
technological changes
Old machines were replaced by new machines
Old weapons were replaced by new weapons
The Industrial Revolution lead to signif icant
technological changes
Man and animal power was replaced by steam and e lectr ica l power
Smal l cottage industr ies gave way to large c i ty industr ies and factor ies
Posit ive effects on the Industrial Revolution
Large scale low cost production
Wealth creation for multiple European countries
Increased international trade and commerce
Development of new cities leading to increased migration of the workforce
Improvement in transportation and communication
The Industrial Revolution also lead to many social
movements…
Social Movements
LabourMovement
ChartistsMovement
Women’sMovement
…and the development of many f ine arts
Short Stories Novels
Paintings Film Industry
However there were negative effects of the Industrial
Revolution as well
L o s s o f j o b s e c u r i t y
F i l t h y l i v i n g c o n d i t i o n s
V i c e s Wo r k r e l a t e d e x h a u s t i o n
M o n o t o n y o f w o r k
L o s s o f f r e e d o m
I m p e r i a l i s m i n r e l i g i o n
O v e r p o p u l a t io n a n d s c a r c i t y
The Industrial Revolution also has signif icant
environmental implications
NOISE POLLUTION: Sound of the machinery in the industries has lead to workers becoming permanently deaf
AIR POLLUTION: Because of the poisonous gases from factories workers have died or suffered from severe disability
WATER POLLUTION: Because of effluent discharge in the river waters, there was a high degree of water scarcity
HEALTH: Because of the huge quantities of waste generated, there was a very high prevalence of life threatening diseases
There were a number of inventions during the
Industrial RevolutionI N V E N T O R I N V E N T I O N
John Kay Weaver’s Shuttle
James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny
Richard Arch Right Water Frame
Samuel Crompton Jean
Edmund Cart Rite Power Loom
James Watt Steam Engine
George Stephenson Railway Engine
Benjamin Franklin Electric Power
Michael Faraday Dynamo
David Humphrey Protection Lamp
Morse Wire Machine
Alexander Bell Telephone
Marconi Radio
Robert Fulerton Boat
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