INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS Made by-• MANIK SINGH• AKASH JAISWAL• RAKESH MEENA• SUNNY KUMAR• ASHUTOSH KUMAR• ARUN RANA• ABHISHEK SHARMA• KAUSHIK VADHERA

INTRODUCTION

• An accident (industrial) is a sudden and unexpected occurrence in the industry which interrupts the orderly progress of the work. According to the Factories Act, 1948: “It is an occurrence in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person who makes him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours”.• An industrial injury is defined as “a personal injury to an employee which

has been caused by an accident or an occupational disease and which arises out of or in the course of employment and which could entitle such employee to compensation under Workers’ Compensation Act, 1923”.

TYPES OF ACCIDENTSAccidents may be of different types depending upon the severity, durability and degree of the injury.MAJOR ACCIDENT

 An accident causing death or permanent or prolonged disability to the injured employee is called ‘major accident.MINOR ACCIDENT

A cut that does not render the employee disabled is termed as ‘minor’ acci dent. INTERNAL ACCIDENT

Injury without showing external signs such as a fractured bone is called an internal one. 

EXTERNAL ACCIDENTWhen an employee gets injury with external signs of it, it is external injury.TEMPORARY ACCIDENTWhen an injury renders an injured employee disabled for a short period, say, a day or a week, it is a temporary accident. PERMANENT ACCIDENTMaking injured employee disabled for ever is called permanent accident.

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

The industrial safety experts have classified the various causes of accidents into three broad categories:• 1. Unsafe Conditions• 2. Unsafe Acts• 3. Other Causes

UNSAFE CONDITIONSUnsafe working conditions are the biggest cause of acci dents. These are associated with detective plants, tools, equipment’s, machines, and materials. Such causes are known as ‘technical causes’. They arise when there are improper guarded equipment’s, defective equipment’s, faulty layout and location of plant, inadequate lighting arrangements and ventilation, unsafe storage, inadequate safety devices, etc.Besides, the psychological reasons such as working over time, monotony, fatigue, tiredness, frustration and anxiety are also some other causes that cause accidents.

UNSAFE ACTIndustrial accidents occur due to certain acts on the part of workers. These acts may be the result of lack of knowledge or skill on the part of the worker, certain bodily defects and wrong attitude.Examples of these acts are:• (a) Operating without authority.• (b) Failure to use safe attire or personal protective equipment’s.• (c) Careless throwing of material at the work place.• (d) Working at unsafe speed, i.e., too fast or too low.• (e) Removing safety devices.• (f) Distracting, teasing, abusing, quarrelling, day-dreaming, horseplay

OTHER CAUSESThese causes arise out of unsafe situational and climatic conditions and variations. These may include excessive noise, very high temperature, humid conditions, bad working conditions, unhealthy environment, slippery floors, excessive glare, dust and fume, arrogant behaviour of domineering supervisors, etc.

ACCIDENTS AND THEIR COSTS

• BERGKAMEN, GERMANY(24TH SEPTEMBER 1998) explosion of transport container for organo-metallic compounds 1 fatalities, body injuries and material damage estimated cost- €1.8 MILLIONS• AETSA, FINLAND(9TH JUNE 1999) explosion in reactor for production of chemicals 1 fatality and material damage estimated cost- €2.5 MILLIONS

• AZF, TOULOUSE, FRANCE(21ST SEPTEMBER 2001) explosion in fertilizer factory 31 fatalities, thousands of people injured and material damage estimates cost-€2.5 BILLIONS• DORMAGEN, GERMANY(17TH MARCH 2008) explosion and fire following rupture of pipeline material damage(direct costs about €40m),on-site and environment damage(€3.2m)

• MADRAS REFINERIES,MANALI(29TH JANUARY 1987) ESTIMATED COST- RS. 4.85 CRORES• HPL REFINERY, VIZAG(11TH NOVEMBER, 1987) ESTIMATED COST- RS. 3.40 CRORES• IPCL, BARODA(2TH FEBRUARY 1989) ESTIMATED COST- RS. 41.82 CRORES• ZENITH CHEMICALS, TARAPUR(5TH MAY 1988) ESTIMATED COST- RS. 4 CRORES• IAAI, BOMBAY(9TH FEBRUARY 1989) ESTIMATED COST- RS. 43 CRORES• ONGC PASARLAPUDI(8TH JANUARY 1995) ESTIMATED COST- RS. 41.44 CRORES