1. 1. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India. It lays down the framework defining fundamental political principles, establishes the structure, procedures, powers, and duties of government institutions, and sets out fundamental rights, directive principles, and the duties of citizens. INDIAN CONSTITUTION
2. 2. CHIEF ARCHITECT OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
3. 3. The Constitution was enacted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, and came into effect on 26 January 1950. The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence of 1930. With its adoption, the Union of India officially became the modern and contemporary Republic of India ORIGIN
4. 4. India celebrates the adoption of the constitution on 26 January each year as Republic Day. REPUBLIC DAY
5. 5. The preamble to the Constitution of India is a brief introductory statement that sets out the guiding purpose and principles of the document. It is also known as the Mirror of the Constitution. PREAMBLE
6. 6. The Constitution declares India to be a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic, assuring its citizens of justice, equality, and liberty, and endeavours to promote fraternity among them. The words "socialist" and "secular" were added to the definition in 1976 by 42nd constitutional amendment. 42ND CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT
7. 7. The Indian constitution is the longest written constitution of any sovereign country in the world, containing 465 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and 97 amendments. It took 2 Years 11 Months and 18 days to built. LENGTHIEST CONSTITUTION
8. 8. The Constitution was drafted by the Constituent Assembly. Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopalachari, Rajendra Prasad, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Kanaiyalal Munshi, Purushottam Mavalankar, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, and Balwantrai Mehta were some important figures in the Assembly. CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY
9. 9. The first temporary 2-day president of the Constituent Assembly was Dr Sachidanand Sinha. Later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the Constituent Assembly.The members of the Constituent Assembly met for the first time on 9 December 1946. DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD
10. 10. On 29 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed, with Dr B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman. DRAFTING COMMITTEE
11. 11. On 13 December 1946, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru moved the Objectives Resolution. OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION
12. 12. The individual Articles of the Constitution are grouped together into Parts (For Example): Preamble Part I Union and its Territory Part II Citizenship. Part III Fundamental Rights. Part IV Directive Principles of State Policy. Part IVA Fundamental Duties. STRUCTURE
13. 13. QUIZ SESSION
14. 14. WHAT IS A CONSTITUTION?
15. 15. SUPREME LAW OF THE LAND ANSWER:
16. 16. WHO WAS THE CHIEF ARCHITECT OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION?
17. 17. DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR ANSWER:
18. 18. WHEN THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA CAME INTO EFFECT?
19. 19. 26 JANUARY 1950 ANSWER:
20. 20. WHY THE DATE 26 JANUARY WAS CHOSEN TO ENFORCE CONSTITUTION?
21. 21. TO COMMEMORATE THE PURNA SWARAJ DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OF 1930. ANSWER:
22. 22. WHAT IS DESCRIBED AS THE MIRROR OF THE CONSTITUTION?
23. 23. THE PREAMBLE TO THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION. ANSWER:
24. 24. WHEN WAS THE WORDS "SOCIALIST" AND "SECULAR" WERE ADDED TO THE CONSTITUTION?
25. 25. IN 1976 BY 42ND CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. ANSWER:
26. 26. INDIA CELEBRATES THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION ON 26 JANUARY EACH YEAR AS ______.
27. 27. REPUBLIC DAY ANSWER:
28. 28. THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION IS THE ______ WRITTEN CONSTITUTION OF ANY SOVEREIGN COUNTRY IN THE WORLD.
29. 29. LONGEST ANSWER:
30. 30. The Constitution was drafted by the ______.
31. 31. CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY ANSWER:
32. 32. WHO WAS THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY?
33. 33. DR. RAJENDRA PRASAD ANSWER:
34. 34. WHEN WAS THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE APPOINTED?
35. 35. On 29 August 1947. ANSWER:
36. 36. WHO WAS THE CHAIRMAN OF THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE?
37. 37. DR. B. R. AMBEDKAR ANSWER:
38. 38. HOW MANY SCHEDULES ARE THERE IN THE CONSTITUTION?
39. 39. 12 SCHEDULES ANSWER:
40. 40. HOW MANY ARTICLES ARE THERE IN THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION?
41. 41. 448 (397) ARTICLES ANSWER:
42. 42. INDIAN CONSTITUTION TOOK ___ YEARS ___ MONTHS AND ___ DAYS TO BUILT.
43. 43. INDIAN CONSTITUTION TOOK 2 YEARS 11 MONTHS AND 18 DAYS TO BUILT. ANSWER:
44. 44. THE MEMBERS OF THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MET FOR THE FIRST TIME ON______.
45. 45. 9 DECEMBER 1946 ANSWER:
46. 46. WHO MOVED THE OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION?
47. 47. ON 13 DECEMBER 1946, PANDIT JAWAHARLAL NEHRU MOVED THE OBJECTIVE RESOLUTION. ANSWER:
48. 48. WHAT DOES THE PART III OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS?
49. 49. PART III OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS THE FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS. ANSWER:
50. 50. WHAT DOES THE PART IV OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS?
51. 51. PART IV OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS THE DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY. ANSWER:
52. 52. WHAT DOES THE PART IVA OF THE CONSTITUTION CONTAINS?
53. 53. PART IVA OF THE CONSTITUTION CONSISTS OF FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES. ANSWER:
54. 54. 'Part III - Fundamental Rights' is a charter of rights contained in the Constitution of India. It guarantees civil liberties such that all Indians can lead their lives in peace and harmony as citizens of India. The Rights have their origins in many sources, including England's Bill of Rights, the United States Bill of Rights and France's Declaration of the Rights of Man. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
55. 55. 'The Forty-Forth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights now Right To Property is a Legal Right and not a Fundamental Right. RIGHT TO PROPERTY
56. 56. Right to equality is an important right provided for in Articles 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 of the constitution. RIGHT TO EQUALITY (Art. 14-18)
57. 57. Article 14 of the constitution guarantees that all citizens shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. EQUALITY BEFORE LAW (ART.14)
58. 58. Article 15 of the constitution states that no person shall be discriminated on the basis of caste, colour, language etc. Every person shall have equal access to public places like public parks, museums, wells, bathing ghats and temples etc. SOCIAL EQUALITY (Art.15)
59. 59. Article 16 of the constitution lays down that the State cannot discriminate against anyone in the matters of employment. All citizens can apply for government jobs. EQUALITY IN MATTERS OF PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT: (Article 16)
60. 60. Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability. ABOLITION OF UNTOUCHABILITY: (Art. 17)
61. 61. Article 18 of the constitution prohibits the State from conferring any titles. Exceptions- Army and Academics. ABOLITION OF TITLES: (Article 18)
62. 62. The Constitution of India contains the right to freedom, given in articles 19, 20, 21 and 22, with the view of guaranteeing individual rights that were considered vital by the framers of the constitution. RIGHT TO FREEDOM (Art.19-22)
63. 63. The right to freedom in Article 19 guarantees the following six freedoms: Freedom of speech and expression, which includes "freedom of press". Freedom to assemble peacefully without arms Freedom to form associations or unions Freedom to move freely throughout the territory of India Freedom to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India Freedom to practice any profession or to carry on any ARTICLE 19
64. 64. Article 21 declares that no citizen can be denied his life and liberty except by law. Hence, Attempted suicide is an offence. RIGHT TO LIFE AND LIBERTY (Article 21)
65. 65. In 2002, through the 86th Amendment Act, Article 21(A) was incorporated. It made the right to primary education part of the right to freedom, stating that the State would provide free and compulsory education to children from six to fourteen years of age. RIGHT TO EDUCATION: (Art. 21A)
66. 66. No one can be arrested without being told the grounds for his arrest. If arrested, the person has the right to defend himself by a lawyer of his choice. Also an arrested citizen has to be brought before the nearest magistrate within 24 hours. ARTICLE 22:
67. 67. The right against exploitation, given in Articles 23 and 24, provides for two provisions, namely the abolition of trafficking in human beings and Begar (forced labor), and abolition of employment of children below the age of 14 years in dangerous jobs like factories and mines. RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION (Art.23-24)
68. 68. Right to freedom of religion, covered in Articles 25, 26, 27 and 28, provides religious freedom to all citizens of India. The objective of this right is to sustain the principle of secularism in India. According to the Constitution, all religions are equal before the State and no religion shall be given preference over the other. RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION (Art.25-28)
69. 69. Citizens are free to preach, practice and propagate any religion of their choice. ARTICLE 25
70. 70. Right to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable purposes. ARTICLE 26
71. 71. No person shall be compelled to pay taxes for the promotion of a particular religion. ARTICLE 27
72. 72. A State run institution cannot impart education that is pro-religion. ARTICLE 28:
73. 73. As India is a country of many languages, religions, and cultures, the Constitution provides special measures, in Articles 29 and 30, to protect the rights of the minorities. CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS (Art.23-24)
74. 74. Any community which has a language and a script of its own has the right to conserve and develop it. No citizen can be discriminated against for admission in State or State aided institutions. ARTICLE 29
75. 75. All minorities, religious or linguistic, can set up their own educational institutions to preserve and develop their own culture. EXAMPLE: St. Joseph School/College, etc. ARTICLE 30
76. 76. Right to constitutional remedies empowers the citizens to move a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental rights. For instance, in case of imprisonment, the citizen can ask the court to see if it is according to the provisions of the law of the country. If the court finds that it is not, the person will have to be freed. RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES (ARTICLE 32)
77. 77. The procedure of asking the courts to preserve or safeguard the citizens' fundamental rights can be done in various ways. The courts can issue various kinds of writs. These writs are habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari. Thus, the Supreme Court is made the Protector and Guarantor of Fundamental WRITS
78. 78. This Writ protects the personal liberty of a citizen. It provides a remedy for a person who has been wrongly detained or restricted. HABEAS CORPUS (You May Have The Body)
79. 79. It is an order to a public body or person to do what is his duty, provided it is a public duty affecting the rights of the individual. This writ is aimed at correcting the acts of omission on part of authorities which violate the fundamental rights of the citizens. MANDAMUS (We Command)
80. 80. This is a judicial writ issued by a court of superior jurisdiction and directed to the inferior court or tribunal preventing it from acting without proper jurisdiction. PROHIBITION
81. 81. This writ is an order commonly issued by a superior court to withdraw a case without jurisdiction or in excess of it. By this writ the superior court prevents the lower courts from exceeding their limit. CERTIORARI
82. 82. This writ prevents illegal assumption of any public office till the matter is finally decided by the court. QUO WARRANTO
83. 83. QUIZ SESSION
84. 84. Fundamental Rights' is a charter of rights contained in the Part _____ Constitution of India.
85. 85. Fundamental Rights' is a charter of rights contained in the Part III Constitution of India. ANSWER:
86. 86. 'The ______ of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights.
87. 87. 'The Forty-Forth Amendment of 1978 deleted the right to property from the list of fundamental rights. ANSWER:
88. 88. Article _____ guarantees that all citizens shall be equally protected by the laws of the country.
89. 89. Article 14 of the constitution guarantees that all citizens shall be equally protected by the laws of the country. ANSWER:
90. 90. Article ______ of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability.
91. 91. Article 17 of the constitution abolishes the practice of untouchability. ANSWER:
92. 92. Article ______ guarantees Freedom of Press.
93. 93. Article 19 guarantees Freedom of Press. ANSWER:
94. 94. Article _____ declares that no citizen can be denied his life and liberty except by law.
95. 95. Article 21 declares that no citizen can be denied his life and liberty except by law. ANSWER:
96. 96. The objective of Articles _____ is to sustain the principle of secularism in India.
97. 97. The objective of Articles 25-28 is to sustain the principle of secularism in India. ANSWER:
98. 98. Right to constitutional remedies under Article ______ empowers the citizens to move a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental rights.
99. 99. Right to constitutional remedies under Article 32 empowers the citizens to move a court of law in case of any denial of the fundamental rights. ANSWER:
100. 100. 'The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines to the central and state governments of India, to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. These provisions, contained in Part IV of the Constitution of India, are not enforceable by any court, but the principles laid down therein are considered fundamental in the governance of the country, making it the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws to establish a just society in the country. DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY
101. 101. The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland and also by the principles of Gandhism; and relate to social justice, economic welfare, foreign policy, and legal and administrative matters. ORIGIN
102. 102. DPSPs aim to create social and economic conditions under which the citizens can lead a good life. They also aim to establish social and economic democracy through a welfare state. CHARACTERISTICS
103. 103. The DPSP are embodied in as many as 16 Articles from Article 36 to Article 51. The DPSP may be classified into four categories, namely: Socialist Principles. Gandhian Principles. Liberal Principles. General Principles. CLASSIFICATION OF DPSP
104. 104. Article 38 provides that the state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting a social order in which Justice-social, economic, and political prevail. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES
105. 105. Article 39 provides that the state shall direct its policy towards securing: Adequate means of livelihood, the working of economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth, that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
106. 106. Article 41 seeks to ensure right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment , old age, s icknes s and di sablement. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
107. 107. Article 42 provides for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
108. 108. Article 43 provides that the State shall endeavour to Secure to all workers , work, a living wage, a decent standard of life, for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
109. 109. Article 46 provides that the State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sect ions of the people, and, in particular , of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
110. 110. Article 47 provides that the State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties. SOCIALIST PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
111. 111. Article 40 provides that the State shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as unit s of self government. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES
112. 112. Article 43 provides that the State shall promote the educational and economic interests of the harijans. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
113. 113. Article 46 provides that the State shall promote cottage industries in rural areas. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
114. 114. Article 47 provides that the State shall endeavour to effect prohibition of the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs which are injurious to health. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
115. 115. Article 48 provides that the State shall endeavour to preserve cattles, including cows and for prohibiting their slaughter. GANDHIAN PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
116. 116. Article 44 provides that The State shall endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India. LIBERAL PRINCIPLES
117. 117. Article 45 provides that the State shall endeavor to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of four teen years . LIBERAL PRINCIPLES
118. 118. Article 48 provides that the State shall endeavor to organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines. LIBERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
119. 119. Article 50 provides that the State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State. LIBERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
120. 120. Article 51 provides that The State shall endeavour to (a) promote international peace and security; (b) maintain just and honorable relations between nations. LIBERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
121. 121. Article 49 provides that It shall be the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
122. 122. To develop the spirit of enquiry and scientific temper among Citizens. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
123. 123. Article 335 provides that the claims of SC and ST are taken into consideration while making appointment to services under Union or State Government. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
124. 124. Article 350 provides that the state is to ensure that the minorities are taught in their mother tongue at the primary level. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
125. 125. Article 351 directs the state to spread Hindi language throughout India to promote Unity in Diversity. GENERAL PRINCIPLES (Contd.)
126. 126. QUIZ SESSION
127. 127. Directive Principles' are contained in the Part _____ Constitution of India.
128. 128. Directive Principles' are contained in the Part IV Constitution of India. ANSWER:
129. 129. The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of _____.
130. 130. The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland. ANSWER:
131. 131. Directive Principles aim to establish a _____ state.
132. 132. Directive Principles aim to establish a Welfare state. ANSWER:
133. 133. The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body in India. The Parliament comprises of the President of India and the two HousesLok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The President has the power to summon and prorogue either House of Parliament or to dissolve Lok Sabha. PARLIAMENT OF INDIA
134. 134. India's Parliament is bicameral; Rajya Sabha is the upper house and Lok Sabha is the lower house. The two Houses meet in separate chambers in Sansad Bhavan, New Delhi. BICAMERAL
135. 135. The MPs of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian public and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies. ELECTION
136. 136. The Rajya Sabha is also known as "Council of States" or the upper house. RAJYA SABHA
137. 137. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. However, one third of the members retire every second year, and are replaced by newly elected members. Each member is elected for a term of six years. Its members are indirectly elected by members of legislative bodies of the States. TERM
138. 138. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members in all. 238 members are to be elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are to be nominated by President of India and shall consist of persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as the following, namely literature, science, art and social service. COMPOSITION
139. 139. VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIA ACTS AS THE EX-OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF THE RAJYA SABHA. CHAIRMAN
140. 140. The Rajya Sabha performs several functions and these are largely as important as functions of the Lok Sabha. However, in financial matters, the Rajya Sabha plays a distinctly secondary role. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS:
141. 141. All non-Money Bills can be introduced in either House of the Parliament and such a bill, to be an Act, must be passed by both Houses of the Parliament. Thus any non-Money Bill can originate in the Rajya Sabha, and if a non-Money Bill been initiated and approved by the Lok Sabha, it has to be approved by the Rajya Sa before it becomes an Act. Similarly, a non-Money Bill, originating in and approved by Rajya Sabha, has to be passed by the Lok Sabha before it becomes a law. The Rajya Sabha can delay a non-Money Bill, already passed by Lok Sabha, for a period of six months. LEGISLATIVE POWERS
142. 142. A Money Bill cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha. It is the prerogative of the Lok Sabha to initiate it. After its approval by the Lok Sabha, it sent to the Rajya Sabha for its 'recommendation'. The Upper House cannot change it in form, though it may suggest some changes which may or may not be accepted by the Lok Sabha. The Rajya Sabha has power to delay a Money Bill, but not for more than fourteen days. FINANCIAL POWERS
143. 143. The Council of Ministers is responsible only to the Lok Sabha, but the Ministers are not totally free from control by the Rajya Sabha. Through questioning, the members of Rajya Sabha can elicit information about Ministers. They can criticize the latter, their Departments and policies. And it has to be kept in mind that criticisms by the Elders (members of the Rajya Sabha) are taken seriously by Ministers. CONTROL OVER EXECUTIVE
144. 144. The constituent powers of the Rajya Sabha are mainly two in number. First, it shares the power with the Lok Sabha to amend the Constitution. Secondly, with two-third majority vote of the members present and voting, the Rajya Sabha can empower the Parliament to make law on any matter contained in the State List on the ground of national importance. CONSTITUENT POWER
145. 145. The Rajya Sabha takes part in the election of the President as well as of the Vice-President of India. The Vice- Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is also elected by its members. ELECTORAL POWER
146. 146. The Parliament will be able to make law in relation to a subject in the State List if the Rajya Sabha, with the support of at least two-thirds of its members present and voting, adopts a proposal to the effect that the Parliament, in national interest, should make law in relation to that subject in the State List. (2) If the Central Government wants to create or abolish any all- India service like Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service and Indian Forest Service etc., it has to obtain the approval of the Rajya Sabha. (3) The resolution for removal of the Vice- President of India has to be first moved in the Rajya Sabha. SPECIAL POWERS
147. 147. The Lok Sabha or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. LOK SABHA
148. 148. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult franchise for a period of 5 years. ELECTION
149. 149. The Constitution limits the Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552 members, including no more than 20 members representing people from the Union Territories, and two appointed non- partisan members to represent the Anglo- Indian community (if the President feels that the community is not adequately represented). COMPOSITION
150. 150. The Speaker is the presiding officer of the lower house of Parliament of India. The speaker is elected in the very first meeting of the Lok Sabha after the general elections for a term of 5 years from amongst the members of the Lok Sabha. SPEAKER
151. 151. The Lok Sabha which is the more representative chamber of the Parliament performs a number of useful functions. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
152. 152. Lawmaking is the main function of the Parliament and in this field the Lok Sabha plays an important role. All types of bills can originate in the Lok Sabha and if a bill is moved in and passed by the Rajya Sabha, it has to come to the Lok Sabha for its approval. LEGISLATIVE
153. 153. Control over purse makes one powerful. In financial matters, the Lok Sabha has a distinct superiority over the Rajya Sabha. The Money Bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha. It cannot be moved in the Rajya Sabha. FINANCIAL POWERS
154. 154. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lower House of the Parliament. Thus, the government is accountable to the Lok Sabha for its acts of omission and commission. The Rajya Sabha cannot hold the government accountable to it. It is only the Lok Sabha which can force the Council of Ministers to resign by passing a vote of no-confidence against it. CONTROL OVER EXECUTIVE
155. 155. The Lok Sabha shares with the Rajya Sabha the power to amend the constitution. CONSTITUTIONAL
156. 156. WHEN WAS THE DRAFTING COMMITTEE APPOINTED?
157. 157. On 29 August 1947. ANSWER:
158. 158. The Lok Sabha takes part in the election of the President and the Vice-President. ELECTORAL
159. 159. It takes part in the impeachment proceedings against the President of India. It shares power with the Rajya Sabha to remove the Judges of the Supreme Court and the Judges of High Courts. JUDICIAL POWERS
160. 160. The members of the Lok Sabha are elected from different parts of India. They try to remove the difficulties of their respective constituencies by stating their grievances on the floor of the Lok Sabha. VENTILATION OF GRIEVANCES
161. 161. QUIZ SESSION
162. 162. The Parliament comprises of ______ and ______.
163. 163. The Parliament comprises of the President of India and the two HousesLok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States). ANSWER:
164. 164. India's Parliament is _____; Rajya Sabha is the _____ and _____ is the lower house.
165. 165. India's Parliament is bicameral; Rajya Sabha is the upper house and Lok Sabha is the lower house. ANSWER:
166. 166. The MPs of Lok Sabha are ______ elected by the Indian public and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the ______.
167. 167. The MPs of Lok Sabha are directly elected by the Indian public and the MPs of Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of the State Legislative Assemblies. ANSWER:
168. 168. The Rajya Sabha is also known as _____ or the _____.
169. 169. The Rajya Sabha is also known as "Council of States" or the upper house. ANSWER:
170. 170. Rajya Sabha is a _____ body and is not subject to dissolution.
171. 171. Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not subject to dissolution. ANSWER:
172. 172. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of _____ members in all where _____ members are to be elected from States and Union Territories and _____ are to be nominated by President of India.
173. 173. The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum of 250 members in all where 238 members are to be elected from States and Union Territories and 12 are to be nominated by President of India. ANSWER:
174. 174. _____ OF INDIA ACTS AS THE EX- OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF THE RAJYA SABHA.
175. 175. VICE-PRESIDENT OF INDIA ACTS AS THE EX-OFFICIO CHAIRMAN OF THE RAJYA SABHA. ANSWER:
176. 176. The DPSP is classified into _____, ______, ______, and ______ Principles.
177. 177. The DPSP is classified into Socialist, Gandhian, Liberal and General Principles. ANSWER:
178. 178. The government comprises three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judiciary. EXECUTIVE
179. 179. The executive branch of government is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the republican idea of the separation of powers.
180. 180. The President is the first citizen of the country. The Constitution vests in the President of India all the executive powers of the Central Government. The head of the executive branch is the President. PRESIDENT
181. 181. Must be a citizen of India Completed 35 years of age Eligible to be a member of Lok Sabha Must not hold any government post. Exceptions are: President and Vice-President Governor of any state Minister of Union State QUALIFICATION
182. 182. Indirectly elected through Electoral College consisting of Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament & Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. (No nominated members). ELECTION
183. 183. 5 year term Present Salary- Rs. 1,50,000/month (including allowances & emoluments) TERM AND EMOLUMENTS
184. 184. The President may be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment. A President can be removed for violation of the Constitution of India. REMOVAL
185. 185. The process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. A resolution to impeach the President has to be passed by a special majority (two- third majority of the total members present and voting). IMPEACHMENT
186. 186. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
187. 187. The President summons both the Houses (the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha) of the Parliament. He or she can dissolve the Lok Sabha. The President inaugurates the Parliament by addressing it after the general elections. All bills passed by the Parliament can become laws only after receiving the assent of the President. The President can also withhold his assent to the bill when it is initially presented to him (rather than return it to the Parliament) thereby exercising a pocket veto. LEGISLATIVE POWERS
188. 188. The Indian Constitution, vests in the President of India, all the executive powers of the Central Government. The President appoints the Prime Minister. The President is the Commander in Chief of the Indian Armed Forces. The President of India can grant a pardon to or reduce the sentence of a convicted person for one time, particularly in cases involving punishment of death. EXECUTIVE POWERS
189. 189. The President appoints the Chief Justice of the Union Judiciary and other judges on the advice of the Chief Justice. JUDICIAL POWERS
190. 190. All international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on behalf of the President. DIPLOMATIC POWERS
191. 191. The President is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India. The President can declare war or conclude peace, subject to the approval of parliament. MILITARY POWERS
192. 192. The President can declare three types of emergencies: national, state, financial. EMERGENCY POWERS
193. 193. National emergency is caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 (Indo-China war), 1971 (Indo-Pakistan war), 1975 to 1977 (declared by Indira Gandhi on account of "internal disturbance"). NATIONAL EMERGENCY (ART.352)
194. 194. State emergency, also known as President's rule, is declared due to breakdown of constitutional machinery in a state. STATE EMERGENCY (ART.356)
195. 195. If the President is satisfied that there is an economic situation in which the financial stability or credit of India is threatened, he/she can then proclaim a financial emergency. FINANCIAL EMERGENCY (ART.360)
196. 196. QUIZ SESSION
197. 197. The _____ of government is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy.
198. 198. The executive branch of government is the part of government that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. ANSWER:
199. 199. The _____ is the first citizen of the country.
200. 200. The President is the first citizen of the country. ANSWER:
201. 201. The President is indirectly elected through _____ consisting of Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament & Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
202. 202. The President is indirectly elected through Electoral College consisting of Elected members of both the Houses of Parliament & Elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States. ANSWER:
203. 203. WHAT IS THE TERM OF THE PRESIDENT OF INDIA?
204. 204. 5 YEARS. ANSWER:
205. 205. The President may be removed before the expiry of the term through ______.
206. 206. The President may be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment. ANSWER:
207. 207. The President can declare three types of emergencies: _____, _____, _____.
208. 208. The President can declare three types of emergencies: national, state, financial. ANSWER:
209. 209. _____ emergency is caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory.
210. 210. National emergency is caused by war, external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory. ANSWER:
211. 211. According to Article _____ the President can declare financial emergency.
212. 212. According to Article 360 the President can declare financial emergency. ANSWER:
213. 213. The Prime Minister leads the executive branch of the Government of India. He is the chief of government, chief advisor to the President of India, head of the Council of Ministers and the leader of the majority party in parliament. PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA
214. 214. A Prime Minister must be: a citizen of India. should be a member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha above 25 years of age. He/She shall not hold any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State. QUALIFICATION
215. 215. 5 year term Present Salary- Rs. 1,30,000/month (including allowances & emoluments) TERM AND EMOLUMENTS
216. 216. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
217. 217. The Prime Minister forms the Ministry. The President appoints the Ministers as recommended by the Prime Minister. FORMATION OF THE MINISTRY
218. 218. The Prime Minister has a free hand in assigning various departments to his colleagues. It is for him to determine the size of the Cabinet and the Ministers to be included in it. DISTRIBUTION OF PORTFOLIOS
219. 219. The Governors and Lieutenant-Governors of the states and territories of India have similar powers and functions at the state level as that of the President of India at Union level. Governors exist in the states while Lieutenant-Governors exist in union territories and in the National Capital Territory of Delhi. The Governor acts as the nominal head whereas the real power lies in the hand of the Chief Ministers of the states and the Chief Minister's Council of Ministers GOVERNORS OF STATES OF INDIA
220. 220. A Governor must be: a citizen of India. Should not be a member of the Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha above 35 years of age. Must not be an insolvent or bankrupt. QUALIFICATION
221. 221. 5 year term Present Salary- Rs. 1,10,000/month. He is also entitled to free accommodation, electricity, transport, telephone and staff. TERM AND EMOLUMENTS
222. 222. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
223. 223. The Constitution vests in the Governor all the executive powers of the State Government. The Governor appoints the Chief Minister who enjoys the support of the majority in the Vidhan Sabha. The Governor also appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers and distributes portfolios to them on the advice of the Chief Minister. He/she also appoints the Advocate General and the chairman and members of the State Public Service EXECUTIVE POWERS
224. 224. The Governor summons the sessions of both houses of the state legislature and prorogues them. The Governor can even dissolve the Vidhan Sabha. A bill that the state legislature has passed, can become a law only after the Governor gives assent. The Governor can return a bill to the state legislature, if it is not a money bill, for reconsideration. When the state legislature is not in session and the Governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the Governor can promulgate ordinances. LEGISLATIVE POWERS
225. 225. Money bills can be introduced in the State Legislative Assembly only on the prior recommendation of the Governor. He/she also causes to be laid before the State Legislature the annual financial statement which is the State Budget. FINANCIAL POWERS
226. 226. The Governor can use these powers: a) If no party gets an absolute majority, the Governor can use his discretion in the selection of the Chief Minister; b) During an emergency he can override the advice of the council of ministers. At such times, he acts as an agent of the President and becomes the real ruler of the state; c) He uses his direction in submitting a report to the President regarding the affairs of the state; and d) He can withhold his assent to a bill and send it to the President for his approval. DISCRETIONARY POWERS
227. 227. QUIZ SESSION
228. 228. The Constitution vests in the Governor all the executive powers of the _____ Government.
229. 229. The Constitution vests in the Governor all the executive powers of the State Government. ANSWER:
230. 230. When the state legislature is not in session and the Governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the Governor can promulgate _____.
231. 231. When the state legislature is not in session and the Governor considers it necessary to have a law, then the Governor can promulgate ordinances. ANSWER:
232. 232. Who is the Present Governor of Karnataka?
233. 233. H.R. BHARDWAJ ANSWER:
234. 234. The Prime Minister is the Chairman of the Cabinet Committee. He convenes and presides over all the meetings of the Cabinet. CHAIRMAN OF THE CABINET COMMITTEE
235. 235. The Prime Minister is the chief co- ordinator of the policies of several Departments. In case of conflicts between two departments, he acts as the mediator. CHIEF CO-ORDINATOR OF POLICIES
236. 236. The Prime Minister is the only channel of communication between the President and the Cabinet. He informs the President all the decisions taken in the Cabinet. SOLE ADVISER TO THE PRESIDENT
237. 237. The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation. He is the chief spokesman of the Governmental policies in the Parliament. All important policy announcements are made by him in the Parliament. He is the leader of the majority party and as such he usually becomes the leader of the House. LEADER OF THE NATION
238. 238. QUIZ SESSION
239. 239. The Prime Minister is the _____ of the nation.
240. 240. The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation. ANSWER:
241. 241. The Prime Minister is the leader of the _____ party.
242. 242. The Prime Minister is the leader of the majority party. ANSWER:
243. 243. The Prime Minister is the Bridge or channel of communication between the _____ and the Cabinet.
244. 244. The Prime Minister is the Bridge or channel of communication between the President and the Cabinet. ANSWER:
245. 245. WHO IS THE PRESENT PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA?
246. 246. DR. MANMOHAN SINGH. ANSWER:
247. 247. The Chief Minister is the head of the Council of Ministers. In State actually it is the Chief Minister who runs the administration in the name of Governor. CHIEF MINISTERS OF STATES
248. 248. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor of the State. Governor elects the leader of the majority party of the Legislative Assembly. APPOINTMENT
249. 249. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS
250. 250. The Chief Minister forms the Cabinet. After his appointment he prepares a list of Ministers and the Governor makes the appointment. FORMATION OF THE GOVERNMENT
251. 251. The Chief Minister distribute the department among the ministers. He looks after the work of other ministers. He has right to change the department of ministers at his will and wish. CONTROL OVER THE MINISTERS
252. 252. The Chief Minister calls the meetings of the Cabinet and presides over its meetings. He also prepares and controls the agenda for cabinet meetings. LEADER OF THE CABINET
253. 253. Very often the Chief Minister also happens to be the leader of the ruling party. LEADER OF THE RULING PARTY
254. 254. The Chief Minister is also the leader of the Vidhana Sabha. He is the leader of the legislative assembly because his party commands majority in the legislature. He explains and clarifies issues regarding policies and programmes of the government. LEADER OF THE VIDHANA SABHA
255. 255. He functions as the manager of the government affairs. He is the one who brings about the co-ordination and harmony among different departments. COORDINATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS
256. 256. The Chief Minister enjoys the crucial power of recommending the dissolution of the Vidhana Sabha, before its term expires. POWER OF DISSOLUTION
257. 257. The Chief Minister works as a connecting bridge between the Governor and the ministry. He holds the important meetings with the Governor about the problems faced by the state. He also keeps the Governor in touch with the decisions taken by the ministry. THE CONNECTING BRIDGE
258. 258. QUIZ SESSION
259. 259. In State actually it is the ______ who runs the administration in the name of Governor.
260. 260. In State actually it is the Chief Minister who runs the administration in the name of Governor. ANSWER:
261. 261. The Chief Minister is appointed by the ______ of the State.
262. 262. The Chief Minister is appointed by the Governor of the State. ANSWER:
263. 263. The Chief Minister works as a connecting bridge between the _____ and the ministry.
264. 264. The Chief Minister works as a connecting bridge between the Governor and the ministry. ANSWER:
265. 265. There are various levels of judiciary in India different types of courts, each with varying powers depending on the tier and jurisdiction bestowed upon them. They form a strict hierarchy of importance, in line with the order of the courts in which they sit, with the Supreme Court of India at the top, followed by High Courts of respective states with district judges sitting in District Courts and Magistrates of Second Class and Civil Judge (Junior Division) at the bottom. Courts hear criminal and civil cases, including disputes between individuals and the government. The Indian judiciary is independent of the executive and legislative branches of government according to the Constitution. JUDICIARY OF INDIA
266. 266. On 26 January 1950, when India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic, the Supreme Court of India was born in Delhi. SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
267. 267. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India. According to the Constitution of India, the role of the Supreme Court is that of a federal court, guardian of the Constitution and the highest court of appeal. HIGHEST COURT OF APPEAL
268. 268. Supreme Court comprises the Chief Justice and 26 other companion Judges appointed by the President of India. COMPOSITION :
269. 269. Judges in Supreme Court hold office till the age of 65 years. TENURE:
270. 270. The salary of Chief Justice is Rs 1.10 lakh while that of other Judges is Rs 90,000/- a month plus allowances etc. SALARY:
271. 271. The Supreme Court has different powers and functions which are discussed under the following heads : Original Jurisdiction. Appellate Jurisdiction. Advisory Jurisdiction. Guardian of the Constitution. POWERS AND FUNCTIONS :
272. 272. The Supreme Court can directly hear and admit some special type of cases. For example any dispute between the Government of India and one or more State Governments or between two or more State Governments. ORIGINAL JURISDICTION
273. 273. Under this, Supreme Court hears cases on appeal from the courts below. APPELLATE JURISDICTION
274. 274. The President of India can make a reference to the Supreme Court and ask its opinion either on an issue of law or question of fact, provided that it is of public importance. For example, Ram Janam Bhoomi and Babri Masjid issue has been referred to Supreme Court recently seeking its advice whether there existed a temple or a masjid. ADVISORY JURISDICTION
275. 275. The Supreme Court is the guardian of liberties of the people and fundamental rights of the Indian citizens. Any case arising out of such Constitutional controversies can be directly taken to Supreme Court. It is also called interpreter of the Constitution. GUARDIAN OF THE CONSTITUTION
276. 276. QUIZ SESSION
277. 277. The ______ is the highest court of the land.
278. 278. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the land. ANSWER:
279. 279. The Supreme Court is located in ______.
280. 280. The Supreme Court is located in New Delhi. ANSWER:
281. 281. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the ______.
282. 282. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the President of India. ANSWER:
283. 283. Judges in Supreme Court hold office till the age of ______ years.
284. 284. Judges in Supreme Court hold office till the age of 65 years. ANSWER:
285. 285. The case of any dispute between the Government of India and one or more State Governments comes under ______ jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
286. 286. The case of any dispute between the Government of India and one or more State Governments comes under Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. ANSWER:
287. 287. The Supreme Court is the ______ of liberties of the people and fundamental rights of the Indian citizens.
288. 288. The Supreme Court is the guardian of liberties of the people and fundamental rights of the Indian citizens. ANSWER:
289. 289. Local Self Government is the management of local affairs by such local bodies who have been elected by the local people. The importance of local self-government has been emphasized by political thinkers and administrators of all ages. LOCAL SELF GOVERNMENT
290. 290. 'Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier system in the state with elected bodies at the Village, Taluk and District levels. It ensures greater participation of people and more effective implementation of rural development programmes. There will be a Grama Panchayat for a village or group of villages, a Taluk level and the Zilla Panchayat at the district level. PANCHAYATI RAJ SYSTEM
291. 291. The concept of Local Self Government is very ancient to India. It has originated since the Vedic period, when the village assembly known as Samiti and Sabha and the Gramani, the village headman existed. These assemblies represented the king`s authority in civil and military administration and collected dues on behalf of the king. EARLY HISTORY
292. 292. During the time of the Rig-Veda (1700 BC), evidences suggest that self-governing village bodies called 'sabhas' existed. With the passage of time, these bodies became panchayats (council of five persons). Panchayats were functional institutions of grassroots governance in almost every village. EARLY HISTORY (Rig Veda Period)
293. 293. The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was a committee appointed by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the working of the Community Development Programme(1952) and the National Extension Service(1953) and to suggest measures for their better working. THE BALWANT RAI MEHTA COMMITTEE (1957)
294. 294. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act came into force in 1992 to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions. According to this act, the Panchayati Raj system was introduced as Local Self Government for all States. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act
295. 295. Its main features are as follows : The Gram Sabha or village assembly as a deliberative body to decentralised governance has been envisaged as the foundation of the Panchayati Raj System. A uniform three-tier structure of panchayats at village (Gram Panchayat GP), intermediate or block (Panchayat Samiti PS) and district (Zilla Parishad ZP) levels. All the seats in a panchayat at every level are to be filled by elections from respective territorial constituencies. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (Features)
296. 296. Not less than one-third of the total seats for membership as well as office of chairpersons of each tier have to be reserved for women. Reservation for weaker castes and tribes (SCs and STs) have to be provided at all levels in proportion to their population in the panchayats. To supervise, direct and control the regular and smooth elections to panchayats, a State Election Commission has to be constituted in every State and UT. The Act has ensured constitution of a State Finance Commission in every State/UT, for every five years, to suggest measures to strengthen finances of PRIs. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (Features)
297. 297. To promote bottom-up-planning, the District Planning Committee in every district has been accorded constitutional status. An indicative list of 29 items has been given in Eleventh Schedule of the Constitution. Panchayats are expected to play an effective role in planning and implementation of works related to these 29 items. 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (Features)
298. 298. In the recent years Local Self Government has been playing a vital role. These local bodies provide services to the local community as well as act as an instrument of democratic self- government. This level of government is recognised by the people as they are close to the citizens and involve them in the decision making process. PRESENT SCENARIO
299. 299. Local government is of two types that include urban local government and rural local government. Urban local government was manifested in Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils, Town Area Committees and Notified Area Committees. However, the Seventy-Fourth Constitution Amendment Act adopted in 1992 proposes to form a uniform structure of Municipal Corporations, Municipal Councils and Nagar Panchayats in transitional areas. Nevertheless, the Rural local government operates through Zilla Panchayats (Parishads), Taluka Panchayats and Village Panchayats. PRESENT SCENARIO (Contd.)
300. 300. At present, there are about 3 million elected representatives at all levels of the panchayat one-third of which are women. These members represent more than 2.4 lakh Gram Panchayats, about 6,000 intermediate level tiers and more than 500 district panchayats. PRESENT SCENARIO (Contd.)
301. 301. Spread over the length and breadth of the country, the new panchayats cover about 96 per cent of India's more than 5.8 lakh villages and nearly 99.6 per cent of rural population. This is the largest experiment in decentralisation of governance in the history of humanity. PRESENT SCENARIO (Contd.)
302. 302. The Constitution visualises panchayats as institutions of self-governance. However, giving due consideration to the federal structure of our polity, most of the financial powers and authorities to be endowed on panchayats have been left at the discretion of concerned state legislatures. Consequently, the powers and functions vested in PRIs vary from state to state. These provisions combine representative and direct democracy into a synergy and are expected to result in an extension and deepening of democracy in India. Hence, panchayats have journeyed from an institution within the culture of India to attain constitutional status. CONCLUSION
303. 303. QUIZ SESSION
304. 304. ______ is the management of local affairs by such local bodies who have been elected by the local people.
305. 305. Local Self Government is the management of local affairs by such local bodies who have been elected by the local people. ANSWER:
306. 306. Panchayati Raj system is a _____ system in the state with elected bodies at the Village, Taluk and District levels.
307. 307. Panchayati Raj system is a three-tier system in the state with elected bodies at the Village, Taluk and District levels. ANSWER:
308. 308. The ______ Committee was a committee appointed by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the working of the Community Development Programme.
309. 309. The Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was a committee appointed by the Government of India in January 1957 to examine the working of the Community Development Programme. ANSWER:
310. 310. The ______ Act came into force in 1992 to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions.
311. 311. The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act came into force in 1992 to provide constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj institutions. ANSWER:
312. 312. ______ government is of two types that include urban local government and rural local government.
313. 313. Local government is of two types that include urban local government and rural local government. ANSWER: