Article Reference Number: OPP 029

In-vitro and In-vivo anti-inflammatory potential of Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves Sumithra Mohan*, J. Anbu, Arijit Chakraborty, Ariadasy Canagasaby, Odelia Sawian

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University, VISTAS

Pallavaram, Chennai -117.

Presenting authorArijit ChakrabortyM.Pharm (Pharmacology)

Vels University

Inflammation

Definition• Inflammation is a non specific, localized immune reaction

of the organism, which tries to localized the pathogenic agents. Many consider the syndrome a self- defense mechanism.

• It consist in vascular, metabolic, cellular changes, triggered by the entering of pathogenic agents in healthy tissues of the body.

Mechanism action of Anti-inflammatory drugs.

Arachidonic acid

GI mucosa

Prostaglandins

GI mucosal protection

PlateletThromboxane

Hemostasis

ProstaglandinsMediate pain,

inflammation and fever

COX 1 Constitutive

COX 2 Inhibitors

Plant selection

Tabernaemontana divaricata (Family - Apocynaceae) is a beautiful evergreen shrub, about 54cm high, with large shiny leaves, crepe jasmine flowers, may appear sporadically all year. It , is a rich source of alkaloids with various pharmacological properties.

Kingdom Plantae

Order Gentianales

Family Apocynaceae

Subfamily Rauvolfioideae

Genus Tabernaemontana

Species T. divaricata

Working procedure

In-vitro model

Ref: Kar B; Suresh Kumar RB; Karmakar I; Dolai N, Bala A; Mazumder UK, Haldar PK; Antioxidant and in vitro anti-inflammatory activities of Mimusops elengi leaves; Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine; Vol. 2012; pp S976-S980

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The percentage of HRBC membrane stabilization or protection was calculated using the formula:

O.D of Test

Solution – O.D of Product Control Percentage Inhibition of Haemolysis = 100 –

------------------------------------------------------------ ×100 O.D of

Test Control

Observation table for In-vitro study

Concentration (µg/ml)% Prevention of Lysis

Extract Diclofenac sodium

100 47.36 48.14

50 42.1 47.58

25 36.84 47.07

15.5 31.54 46.66

6.3 21.05 45.98

Table 1:

Effect of concentration on % prevention of lysis of extract treated group

Effect of concentration on % inhibition of lysis of diclofenac treated group

In-vivo model

EETD*: Ethanolic extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata

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Ref: Winter CA; Risley EA; Nuss GW; Carrageenin induced oedema in hind paw of rat as an assay for anti-inflammatory drugs; Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1962; 111; pp 547.

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Observation table for In-vivo study

EETD*: Ethanolic Extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata .

TREATMENT DOSE (mg/kg) MEAN INCREASE IN PAW VOLUME

(ML)

PERCENTAGE INHIBITION

Control 5 ml/kg 0.778± 0.056

-

Diclofenac sodium

5 mg/kg 0.153± 0.034

58.13

EETD* 400 mg/kg 0.277± 0.023

42.19

EETD* 200 mg/kg 0.325± 0.081

36.02

Table 2:

Effects of dose on mean increase in paw volume

Effect of dose on percentage inhibition

Result for In-vitro study (Table 1) : • The extract at concentration range of 6.3 -100 mg/ml protect the

human erythrocyte membrane against lysis induced by hypotonic solution. • At concentration of 100µg/ml, the extract produced 47.36 % inhibition

of RBC haemolysis as compared with 48.14% produced by diclofenac sodium.

Result for In-vivo study (Table 2) :• The extract at concentration 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg protect the

human erythrocyte membrane against carrageen induced. • At concentration 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, the extract produce 36.02

% and 42.63 % inhibition of inflammation as compared with 58.13 % produced by diclofenac sodium.

Conclusion

In conclusion the present study demonstrated that Tabernaemontana divaricata leaves extract has anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 100 µg/ml in in-vitro study and 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg in in-vivo study.

Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to the authority of the School Of Pharmaceutical Science, Vels University, Pallavaram, Chennai - 600117, India, for providing necessary facilities for the present study.