In The Wake of The Flood:In The Wake of The Flood:Sunken Cities of The PastSunken Cities of The Past

By Michael GardnerBy Michael Gardner

IntroductionIntroduction"The windows of heaven were opened... and "The windows of heaven were opened... and

rain came pouring down on the earth for rain came pouring down on the earth for 40 days and 40 nights."- Genesis 7:12 40 days and 40 nights."- Genesis 7:12

IntroductionIntroduction

"There occurred violent "There occurred violent earthquakes and floods; earthquakes and floods; and in a single day and and in a single day and night of misfortune all night of misfortune all your warlike men in a your warlike men in a body sank into the body sank into the earth, and the island of earth, and the island of Atlantis in like manner Atlantis in like manner disappeared in the disappeared in the depths of the sea." - depths of the sea." - Socrates, as recorded by Socrates, as recorded by Plato in Timaeus Plato in Timaeus

IntroductionIntroduction

““Then Manu built himself and Then Manu built himself and ark, and took the seeds of all ark, and took the seeds of all things, and the Seven Sages things, and the Seven Sages on board, and they set sail on board, and they set sail on the surging waters. Soon on the surging waters. Soon he saw the horned fish, and he saw the horned fish, and cast one end of the rope over cast one end of the rope over its horns. Then the fish its horns. Then the fish began to tow the ark through began to tow the ark through the tossing, roaring waves. the tossing, roaring waves. The whole world was covered The whole world was covered with water, and nothing was with water, and nothing was to be seen but the ark, and to be seen but the ark, and Manu, and the Seven Sages, Manu, and the Seven Sages, and the fish.”and the fish.”

IntroductionIntroduction

In The Wake of The Flood: Sunken Cities of The Past In The Wake of The Flood: Sunken Cities of The Past is the concept for a history television program that is the concept for a history television program that will:will:

• expose and popularize some recent archaeological expose and popularize some recent archaeological discoveries, particularly underwater ruins of discoveries, particularly underwater ruins of ancient civilizations.ancient civilizations.

• Explore some of the alternative theories regarding Explore some of the alternative theories regarding the origins and evolution of human civilization.the origins and evolution of human civilization.

• And closely examine the myriad “flood myths” And closely examine the myriad “flood myths” found in diverse and geographically scattered found in diverse and geographically scattered ancient cultures.ancient cultures.

Why Underwater Why Underwater Archaeology?Archaeology?• Since the end of the Last Glacial Since the end of the Last Glacial

Maximum (approximately 17,000-Maximum (approximately 17,000-18,000 years ago), global sea levels 18,000 years ago), global sea levels have risen over 400 feet (125 meters).have risen over 400 feet (125 meters).

• The change in sea level has altered The change in sea level has altered the shape of the world’s coastlines the shape of the world’s coastlines tremendously over time, putting tremendously over time, putting formerly inhabitable land hundreds of formerly inhabitable land hundreds of feet underwater.feet underwater.

The World at LGMThe World at LGM

Underwater ArchaeologyUnderwater Archaeology

• Newly Developing Field- SCUBA Newly Developing Field- SCUBA diving only allows archaeologists to diving only allows archaeologists to reach depths of max. 150 feet.reach depths of max. 150 feet.

• According to the NOAA, about 2% of According to the NOAA, about 2% of the sea floor is shallower than 150 the sea floor is shallower than 150 feet, meaning that and even that 2% feet, meaning that and even that 2% has not been completely explored. has not been completely explored.

IntervieweesInterviewees

• Graham Hancock- Author of Fingerprints Graham Hancock- Author of Fingerprints of the Gods and Underworldof the Gods and Underworld

• Dr. Robert Schoch- Geologist and expert Dr. Robert Schoch- Geologist and expert on pyramid monuments and the Yonaguni on pyramid monuments and the Yonaguni structures.structures.

• Dr. Franck Goddio- Underwater Dr. Franck Goddio- Underwater Archaeologist and discoverer of Archaeologist and discoverer of Heracleion and Canopus.Heracleion and Canopus.

• Crichton EM Miller- Author and Navigation Crichton EM Miller- Author and Navigation Expert Expert

Shoot LocationsShoot Locations

•The Shore Temple of Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu, India

•Pre-Harrapan Ruins, Gulf of Cambay, India

•Ġgantija Temple, Island of Gozo, Malta•The Sunken Ruins of Yonaguni Island,

Japan•Sunken Cities of Heracleion and

Canopus, Egypt

Kumari Kandam: the Indian Kumari Kandam: the Indian Atlantis?Atlantis?• The The CilappatikaramCilappatikaram and the and the ManimekalaiManimekalai, the earliest written , the earliest written

epics in Tamil literature, reference the lost kingdom of Kumari epics in Tamil literature, reference the lost kingdom of Kumari Kandam. The shore temple of Mahabalipuram is said to be the Kandam. The shore temple of Mahabalipuram is said to be the last of seven temples that were the remains of a series of Tamil last of seven temples that were the remains of a series of Tamil academies in existence for 10,000 years.academies in existence for 10,000 years.

Kumari Kandam: the Indian Kumari Kandam: the Indian Atlantis?Atlantis?Kumari Kandam was Kumari Kandam was

dismissed as a myth by dismissed as a myth by serious scholars until serious scholars until 2002, when the National 2002, when the National Institute of Institute of Oceanography (NIO) of Oceanography (NIO) of India and the Scientific India and the Scientific Exploration Society (SES) Exploration Society (SES) discovered the remains discovered the remains of several submerged of several submerged temples off the coast of temples off the coast of Mahabalipuram.Mahabalipuram.

Kumari Kandam: the Indian Kumari Kandam: the Indian Atlantis?Atlantis?Further evidence of Further evidence of

the legendary the legendary Kumari Kandam was Kumari Kandam was revealed in 2004, revealed in 2004, when the tsunami when the tsunami which ravaged which ravaged India's shores India's shores revealed a large wall revealed a large wall and several new and several new ruins that are still ruins that are still being explored using being explored using sonar technology.sonar technology.

Sunken Cities of Heracleion Sunken Cities of Heracleion and Canopus, Egyptand Canopus, Egypt

Sunken Cities of Heracleion Sunken Cities of Heracleion and Canopus, Egyptand Canopus, Egypt

• Discovered in 2000, the cities of Discovered in 2000, the cities of Heracleion and Canopus were located at Heracleion and Canopus were located at the mouth of the Nile in the time of the mouth of the Nile in the time of Ancient Egypt.Ancient Egypt.

Heracleion and CanopusHeracleion and Canopus• These two cities were commercial and These two cities were commercial and

cultural centers of the ancient world. cultural centers of the ancient world. Excavations at the site, while incomplete, Excavations at the site, while incomplete, have provided numerous insights into have provided numerous insights into Ancient Egyptian and Greek culture.Ancient Egyptian and Greek culture.

The Sunken Ruins of The Sunken Ruins of Yonaguni Island, JapanYonaguni Island, Japan

Several large underwater Several large underwater structures, including a structures, including a pyramid-like structure pyramid-like structure over 75 feet tall, have over 75 feet tall, have been verified to be over been verified to be over 8,000 years old. At the 8,000 years old. At the time these structures time these structures would have been built, would have been built, they existed above-they existed above-ground on land bridge ground on land bridge between Taiwan and between Taiwan and Japan.Japan.

Author Graham Hancock discusses the pyramid Author Graham Hancock discusses the pyramid structures at Yonaguni Island.structures at Yonaguni Island.

Could discoveries at one or more Could discoveries at one or more of these sites alter the accepted of these sites alter the accepted

narrative of human progress?narrative of human progress?

Is it possible that the ancient empires of Is it possible that the ancient empires of Egypt, India, and Babylon were Egypt, India, and Babylon were descendents of a much older descendents of a much older civilization? One that, like the civilization? One that, like the

Phoenicians, was able to build an Phoenicians, was able to build an empire spanning thousands of miles and empire spanning thousands of miles and cross-pollinating early ancient peoples?cross-pollinating early ancient peoples?

The Phoenician AnalogyThe Phoenician Analogy

The Phoenician The Phoenician Empire is one of the Empire is one of the earliest examples earliest examples of a “World of a “World Economy.” At the Economy.” At the height of its power, height of its power, between 1200 BC – between 1200 BC – 800 BC, it 800 BC, it connected cultures connected cultures across the across the Mediterranean in Mediterranean in network of trade network of trade and cultural and cultural exchange. exchange.

Thor Heyerdaal and the Kon Thor Heyerdaal and the Kon TikiTikiIn 1947, Thor Heyerdaal In 1947, Thor Heyerdaal

and his team sailed a and his team sailed a balsa raft from Peru to balsa raft from Peru to Polynesia on a 4,300 Polynesia on a 4,300 mile journey that mile journey that demonstrated how demonstrated how ancient explorers might ancient explorers might have reached the New have reached the New World thousands of World thousands of years before Columbus. years before Columbus. Kon Tiki, the film Kon Tiki, the film documenting the 101-documenting the 101-day journey, won an day journey, won an Academy Award in Academy Award in 1951.1951.

Celtic CrossCeltic Cross

• In 1997, Crichton Miller In 1997, Crichton Miller discovered that an discovered that an instrument in the shape instrument in the shape of the Celtic Cross could of the Celtic Cross could be used to accurately be used to accurately measure longitude and measure longitude and latitude.latitude.

• Such an instrument Such an instrument would have made would have made transoceanic travel transoceanic travel possible in ancient possible in ancient times. times.

ConclusionConclusion